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version 1.1, 2013/07/29 19:37:40	version 1.1.1.3, 2016/11/02 09:57:01
Line 13 Dnsmasq accepts DNS queries and either answers them fr	Line 13 Dnsmasq accepts DNS queries and either answers them fr
cache or forwards them to a real, recursive, DNS server. It loads the	cache or forwards them to a real, recursive, DNS server. It loads the
contents of /etc/hosts so that local hostnames	contents of /etc/hosts so that local hostnames
which do not appear in the global DNS can be resolved and also answers	which do not appear in the global DNS can be resolved and also answers
DNS queries for DHCP configured hosts. It can also act as the authoritative DNS server for one or more domains, allowing local names to appear in the global DNS.	DNS queries for DHCP configured hosts. It can also act as the
	authoritative DNS server for one or more domains, allowing local names
	to appear in the global DNS. It can be configured to do DNSSEC
	validation.
.PP	.PP
The dnsmasq DHCP server supports static address assignments and multiple	The dnsmasq DHCP server supports static address assignments and multiple
networks. It automatically	networks. It automatically
Line 39 the configuration file.	Line 42 the configuration file.
Read and syntax check configuration file(s). Exit with code 0 if all	Read and syntax check configuration file(s). Exit with code 0 if all
is OK, or a non-zero code otherwise. Do not start up dnsmasq.	is OK, or a non-zero code otherwise. Do not start up dnsmasq.
.TP	.TP
	.B \-w, --help
	Display all command-line options.
	.B --help dhcp
	will display known DHCPv4 configuration options, and
	.B --help dhcp6
	will display DHCPv6 options.
	.TP
.B \-h, --no-hosts	.B \-h, --no-hosts
Don't read the hostnames in /etc/hosts.	Don't read the hostnames in /etc/hosts.
.TP	.TP
Line 47 Additional hosts file. Read the specified file as well	Line 57 Additional hosts file. Read the specified file as well
only the specified file. This option may be repeated for more than one	only the specified file. This option may be repeated for more than one
additional hosts file. If a directory is given, then read all the files contained in that directory.	additional hosts file. If a directory is given, then read all the files contained in that directory.
.TP	.TP
	.B --hostsdir=<path>
	Read all the hosts files contained in the directory. New or changed files
	are read automatically. See --dhcp-hostsdir for details.
	.TP
.B \-E, --expand-hosts	.B \-E, --expand-hosts
Add the domain to simple names (without a period) in /etc/hosts	Add the domain to simple names (without a period) in /etc/hosts
in the same way as for DHCP-derived names. Note that this does not	in the same way as for DHCP-derived names. Note that this does not
apply to domain names in cnames, PTR records, TXT records etc.	apply to domain names in cnames, PTR records, TXT records etc.
.TP	.TP
.B \-T, --local-ttl=<time>	.B \-T, --local-ttl=<time>
When replying with information from /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases	When replying with information from /etc/hosts or configuration or the DHCP leases
file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning	file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning
that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is	that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is
the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a	the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a
Line 61 time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replie	Line 75 time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replie
reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale	reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale
data under some circumstances.	data under some circumstances.
.TP	.TP
	.B --dhcp-ttl=<time>
	As for --local-ttl, but affects only replies with information from DHCP leases. If both are given, --dhcp-ttl applies for DHCP information, and --local-ttl for others. Setting this to zero eliminates the effect of --local-ttl for DHCP.
	.TP
.B --neg-ttl=<time>	.B --neg-ttl=<time>
Negative replies from upstream servers normally contain time-to-live	Negative replies from upstream servers normally contain time-to-live
information in SOA records which dnsmasq uses for caching. If the	information in SOA records which dnsmasq uses for caching. If the
Line 78 the upstream DNS servers.	Line 95 the upstream DNS servers.
.B --max-cache-ttl=<time>	.B --max-cache-ttl=<time>
Set a maximum TTL value for entries in the cache.	Set a maximum TTL value for entries in the cache.
.TP	.TP
	.B --min-cache-ttl=<time>
	Extend short TTL values to the time given when caching them. Note that
	artificially extending TTL values is in general a bad idea, do not do it
	unless you have a good reason, and understand what you are doing.
	Dnsmasq limits the value of this option to one hour, unless recompiled.
	.TP
.B --auth-ttl=<time>	.B --auth-ttl=<time>
Set the TTL value returned in answers from the authoritative server.	Set the TTL value returned in answers from the authoritative server.
.TP	.TP
Line 95 only, to stop dnsmasq daemonising in production, use	Line 118 only, to stop dnsmasq daemonising in production, use
.B -k.	.B -k.
.TP	.TP
.B \-q, --log-queries	.B \-q, --log-queries
Log the results of DNS queries handled by dnsmasq. Enable a full cache dump on receipt of SIGUSR1.	Log the results of DNS queries handled by dnsmasq. Enable a full cache dump on receipt of SIGUSR1. If the argument "extra" is supplied, ie
	.B --log-queries=extra
	then the log has extra information at the start of each line.
	This consists of a serial number which ties together the log lines associated with an individual query, and the IP address of the requestor.
.TP	.TP
.B \-8, --log-facility=<facility>	.B \-8, --log-facility=<facility>
Set the facility to which dnsmasq will send syslog entries, this	Set the facility to which dnsmasq will send syslog entries, this
Line 158 queries. Dnsmasq picks random ports as source for outb	Line 184 queries. Dnsmasq picks random ports as source for outb
when this option is given, the ports used will always to larger	when this option is given, the ports used will always to larger
than that specified. Useful for systems behind firewalls.	than that specified. Useful for systems behind firewalls.
.TP	.TP
	.B --max-port=<port>
	Use ports lower than that given as source for outbound DNS queries.
	Dnsmasq picks random ports as source for outbound queries:
	when this option is given, the ports used will always be lower
	than that specified. Useful for systems behind firewalls.
	.TP

.B \-i, --interface=<interface name>	.B \-i, --interface=<interface name>
Listen only on the specified interface(s). Dnsmasq automatically adds	Listen only on the specified interface(s). Dnsmasq automatically adds
the loopback (local) interface to the list of interfaces to use when	the loopback (local) interface to the list of interfaces to use when
Line 199 or	Line 232 or
.B --listen-address	.B --listen-address
configuration, indeed	configuration, indeed
.B --auth-server	.B --auth-server
will overide these and provide a different DNS service on the specified interface. The <domain> is the "glue record". It should resolve in the global DNS to a A and/or AAAA record which points to the address dnsmasq is listening on.	will overide these and provide a different DNS service on the
	specified interface. The <domain> is the "glue record". It should
	resolve in the global DNS to a A and/or AAAA record which points to
	the address dnsmasq is listening on. When an interface is specified,
	it may be qualified with "/4" or "/6" to specify only the IPv4 or IPv6
	addresses associated with the interface.
	.TP
	.B --local-service
	Accept DNS queries only from hosts whose address is on a local subnet,
	ie a subnet for which an interface exists on the server. This option
	only has effect is there are no --interface --except-interface,
	--listen-address or --auth-server options. It is intended to be set as
	a default on installation, to allow unconfigured installations to be
	useful but also safe from being used for DNS amplification attacks.
.TP	.TP
.B \-2, --no-dhcp-interface=<interface name>	.B \-2, --no-dhcp-interface=<interface name>
Do not provide DHCP or TFTP on the specified interface, but do provide DNS service.	Do not provide DHCP or TFTP on the specified interface, but do provide DNS service.
Line 277 an advertising web page in response to queries for unr	Line 323 an advertising web page in response to queries for unr
instead of the correct NXDOMAIN response. This option tells dnsmasq to	instead of the correct NXDOMAIN response. This option tells dnsmasq to
fake the correct response when it sees this behaviour. As at Sept 2003	fake the correct response when it sees this behaviour. As at Sept 2003
the IP address being returned by Verisign is 64.94.110.11	the IP address being returned by Verisign is 64.94.110.11
	.TP
	.B --ignore-address=<ipaddr>
	Ignore replies to A-record queries which include the specified address.
	No error is generated, dnsmasq simply continues to listen for another reply.
	This is useful to defeat blocking strategies which rely on quickly supplying a
	forged answer to a DNS request for certain domain, before the correct answer can arrive.
.TP	.TP
.B \-f, --filterwin2k	.B \-f, --filterwin2k
Later versions of windows make periodic DNS requests which don't get sensible answers from	Later versions of windows make periodic DNS requests which don't get sensible answers from
Line 318 it will send queries to just one server. Setting this	Line 370 it will send queries to just one server. Setting this
dnsmasq to send all queries to all available servers. The reply from	dnsmasq to send all queries to all available servers. The reply from
the server which answers first will be returned to the original requester.	the server which answers first will be returned to the original requester.
.TP	.TP
	.B --dns-loop-detect
	Enable code to detect DNS forwarding loops; ie the situation where a query sent to one
	of the upstream server eventually returns as a new query to the dnsmasq instance. The
	process works by generating TXT queries of the form <hex>.test and sending them to
	each upstream server. The hex is a UID which encodes the instance of dnsmasq sending the query
	and the upstream server to which it was sent. If the query returns to the server which sent it, then
	the upstream server through which it was sent is disabled and this event is logged. Each time the
	set of upstream servers changes, the test is re-run on all of them, including ones which
	were previously disabled.
	.TP
.B --stop-dns-rebind	.B --stop-dns-rebind
Reject (and log) addresses from upstream nameservers which are in the	Reject (and log) addresses from upstream nameservers which are in the
private IP ranges. This blocks an attack where a browser behind a	private IP ranges. This blocks an attack where a browser behind a
Line 338 by '/', like the --server syntax, eg.	Line 400 by '/', like the --server syntax, eg.
Don't poll /etc/resolv.conf for changes.	Don't poll /etc/resolv.conf for changes.
.TP	.TP
.B --clear-on-reload	.B --clear-on-reload
Whenever /etc/resolv.conf is re-read, clear the DNS cache.	Whenever /etc/resolv.conf is re-read or the upstream servers are set
	via DBus, clear the DNS cache.
This is useful when new nameservers may have different	This is useful when new nameservers may have different
data than that held in cache.	data than that held in cache.
.TP	.TP
Line 359 xxx.internal.thekelleys.org.uk at 192.168.1.1 then giv	Line 422 xxx.internal.thekelleys.org.uk at 192.168.1.1 then giv
.B -S /internal.thekelleys.org.uk/192.168.1.1	.B -S /internal.thekelleys.org.uk/192.168.1.1
will send all queries for	will send all queries for
internal machines to that nameserver, everything else will go to the	internal machines to that nameserver, everything else will go to the
servers in /etc/resolv.conf. An empty domain specification,	servers in /etc/resolv.conf. DNSSEC validation is turned off for such
	private nameservers, UNLESS a
	.B --trust-anchor
	is specified for the domain in question. An empty domain specification,
.B //	.B //
has the special meaning of "unqualified names only" ie names without any	has the special meaning of "unqualified names only" ie names without any
dots in them. A non-standard port may be specified as	dots in them. A non-standard port may be specified as
Line 406 source address specified but the port may be specified	Line 472 source address specified but the port may be specified
part of the source address. Forcing queries to an interface is not	part of the source address. Forcing queries to an interface is not
implemented on all platforms supported by dnsmasq.	implemented on all platforms supported by dnsmasq.
.TP	.TP
.B \-A, --address=/<domain>/[domain/]<ipaddr>	.B --rev-server=<ip-address>/<prefix-len>,<ipaddr>[#<port>][@<source-ip>\|<interface>[#<port>]]
	This is functionally the same as
	.B --server,
	but provides some syntactic sugar to make specifying address-to-name queries easier. For example
	.B --rev-server=1.2.3.0/24,192.168.0.1
	is exactly equivalent to
	.B --server=/3.2.1.in-addr.arpa/192.168.0.1
	.TP
	.B \-A, --address=/<domain>/[domain/][<ipaddr>]
Specify an IP address to return for any host in the given domains.	Specify an IP address to return for any host in the given domains.
Queries in the domains are never forwarded and always replied to	Queries in the domains are never forwarded and always replied to
with the specified IP address which may be IPv4 or IPv6. To give	with the specified IP address which may be IPv4 or IPv6. To give
Line 418 domain specification works in the same was as for --se	Line 492 domain specification works in the same was as for --se
additional facility that /#/ matches any domain. Thus	additional facility that /#/ matches any domain. Thus
--address=/#/1.2.3.4 will always return 1.2.3.4 for any query not	--address=/#/1.2.3.4 will always return 1.2.3.4 for any query not
answered from /etc/hosts or DHCP and not sent to an upstream	answered from /etc/hosts or DHCP and not sent to an upstream
nameserver by a more specific --server directive.	nameserver by a more specific --server directive. As for --server,
	one or more domains with no address returns a no-such-domain answer, so
	--address=/example.com/ is equivalent to --server=/example.com/ and returns
	NXDOMAIN for example.com and all its subdomains.
.TP	.TP
.B --ipset=/<domain>/[domain/]<ipset>[,<ipset>]	.B --ipset=/<domain>/[domain/]<ipset>[,<ipset>]
Places the resolved IP addresses of queries for the specified domains	Places the resolved IP addresses of queries for the specified domains
Line 462 zone files: the port, weight and priority numbers are	Line 539 zone files: the port, weight and priority numbers are
order. More than one SRV record for a given service/domain is allowed,	order. More than one SRV record for a given service/domain is allowed,
all that match are returned.	all that match are returned.
.TP	.TP
.B --host-record=<name>[,<name>....][<IPv4-address>],[<IPv6-address>]	.B --host-record=<name>[,<name>....],[<IPv4-address>],[<IPv6-address>][,<TTL>]
Add A, AAAA and PTR records to the DNS. This adds one or more names to	Add A, AAAA and PTR records to the DNS. This adds one or more names to
the DNS with associated IPv4 (A) and IPv6 (AAAA) records. A name may	the DNS with associated IPv4 (A) and IPv6 (AAAA) records. A name may
appear in more than one	appear in more than one
Line 479 is in effect. Short and long names may appear in the s	Line 556 is in effect. Short and long names may appear in the s
.B host-record,	.B host-record,
eg.	eg.
.B --host-record=laptop,laptop.thekelleys.org,192.168.0.1,1234::100	.B --host-record=laptop,laptop.thekelleys.org,192.168.0.1,1234::100

	If the time-to-live is given, it overrides the default, which is zero
	or the value of --local-ttl. The value is a positive integer and gives
	the time-to-live in seconds.
.TP	.TP
.B \-Y, --txt-record=<name>[[,<text>],<text>]	.B \-Y, --txt-record=<name>[[,<text>],<text>]
Return a TXT DNS record. The value of TXT record is a set of strings,	Return a TXT DNS record. The value of TXT record is a set of strings,
Line 492 Return a PTR DNS record.	Line 573 Return a PTR DNS record.
.B --naptr-record=<name>,<order>,<preference>,<flags>,<service>,<regexp>[,<replacement>]	.B --naptr-record=<name>,<order>,<preference>,<flags>,<service>,<regexp>[,<replacement>]
Return an NAPTR DNS record, as specified in RFC3403.	Return an NAPTR DNS record, as specified in RFC3403.
.TP	.TP
.B --cname=<cname>,<target>	.B --cname=<cname>,<target>[,<TTL>]
Return a CNAME record which indicates that <cname> is really	Return a CNAME record which indicates that <cname> is really
<target>. There are significant limitations on the target; it must be a	<target>. There are significant limitations on the target; it must be a
DNS name which is known to dnsmasq from /etc/hosts (or additional	DNS name which is known to dnsmasq from /etc/hosts (or additional
hosts files), from DHCP or from another	hosts files), from DHCP, from --interface-name or from another
.B --cname.	.B --cname.
If the target does not satisfy this	If the target does not satisfy this
criteria, the whole cname is ignored. The cname must be unique, but it	criteria, the whole cname is ignored. The cname must be unique, but it
is permissable to have more than one cname pointing to the same target.	is permissable to have more than one cname pointing to the same target.

	If the time-to-live is given, it overrides the default, which is zero
	or the value of -local-ttl. The value is a positive integer and gives
	the time-to-live in seconds.
.TP	.TP
.B --dns-rr=<name>,<RR-number>,[<hex data>]	.B --dns-rr=<name>,<RR-number>,[<hex data>]
Return an arbitrary DNS Resource Record. The number is the type of the	Return an arbitrary DNS Resource Record. The number is the type of the
Line 508 record (which is always in the C_IN class). The value	Line 593 record (which is always in the C_IN class). The value
given by the hex data, which may be of the form 01:23:45 or 01 23 45 or	given by the hex data, which may be of the form 01:23:45 or 01 23 45 or
012345 or any mixture of these.	012345 or any mixture of these.
.TP	.TP
.B --interface-name=<name>,<interface>	.B --interface-name=<name>,<interface>[/4\|/6]
Return a DNS record associating the name with the primary address on	Return a DNS record associating the name with the primary address on
the given interface. This flag specifies an A record for the given	the given interface. This flag specifies an A or AAAA record for the given
name in the same way as an /etc/hosts line, except that the address is	name in the same way as an /etc/hosts line, except that the address is
not constant, but taken from the given interface. If the interface is	not constant, but taken from the given interface. The interface may be
	followed by "/4" or "/6" to specify that only IPv4 or IPv6 addresses
	of the interface should be used. If the interface is
down, not configured or non-existent, an empty record is returned. The	down, not configured or non-existent, an empty record is returned. The
matching PTR record is also created, mapping the interface address to	matching PTR record is also created, mapping the interface address to
the name. More than one name may be associated with an interface	the name. More than one name may be associated with an interface
address by repeating the flag; in that case the first instance is used	address by repeating the flag; in that case the first instance is used
for the reverse address-to-name mapping.	for the reverse address-to-name mapping.
.TP	.TP
.B --add-mac	.B --synth-domain=<domain>,<address range>[,<prefix>]
	Create artificial A/AAAA and PTR records for an address range. The
	records use the address, with periods (or colons for IPv6) replaced
	with dashes.

	An example should make this clearer.
	.B --synth-domain=thekelleys.org.uk,192.168.0.0/24,internal-
	will result in a query for internal-192-168-0-56.thekelleys.org.uk returning
	192.168.0.56 and a reverse query vice versa. The same applies to IPv6,
	but IPv6 addresses may start with '::'
	but DNS labels may not start with '-' so in this case if no prefix is
	configured a zero is added in front of the label. ::1 becomes 0--1.

	The address range can be of the form
	<ip address>,<ip address> or <ip address>/<netmask>
	.TP
	.B --add-mac[=base64\|text]
Add the MAC address of the requestor to DNS queries which are	Add the MAC address of the requestor to DNS queries which are
forwarded upstream. This may be used to DNS filtering by the upstream	forwarded upstream. This may be used to DNS filtering by the upstream
server. The MAC address can only be added if the requestor is on the same	server. The MAC address can only be added if the requestor is on the same
subnet as the dnsmasq server. Note that the mechanism used to achieve this (an EDNS0 option)	subnet as the dnsmasq server. Note that the mechanism used to achieve this (an EDNS0 option)
is not yet standardised, so this should be considered	is not yet standardised, so this should be considered
experimental. Also note that exposing MAC addresses in this way may	experimental. Also note that exposing MAC addresses in this way may
have security and privacy implications.	have security and privacy implications. The warning about caching
	given for --add-subnet applies to --add-mac too. An alternative encoding of the
	MAC, as base64, is enabled by adding the "base64" parameter and a human-readable encoding of hex-and-colons is enabled by added the "text" parameter.
.TP	.TP
	.B --add-cpe-id=<string>
	Add a arbitrary identifying string to o DNS queries which are
	forwarded upstream.
	.TP
	.B --add-subnet[[=[<IPv4 address>/]<IPv4 prefix length>][,[<IPv6 address>/]<IPv6 prefix length>]]
	Add a subnet address to the DNS queries which are forwarded
	upstream. If an address is specified in the flag, it will be used,
	otherwise, the address of the requestor will be used. The amount of
	the address forwarded depends on the prefix length parameter: 32 (128
	for IPv6) forwards the whole address, zero forwards none of it but
	still marks the request so that no upstream nameserver will add client
	address information either. The default is zero for both IPv4 and
	IPv6. Note that upstream nameservers may be configured to return
	different results based on this information, but the dnsmasq cache
	does not take account. If a dnsmasq instance is configured such that
	different results may be encountered, caching should be disabled.

	For example,
	.B --add-subnet=24,96
	will add the /24 and /96 subnets of the requestor for IPv4 and IPv6 requestors, respectively.
	.B --add-subnet=1.2.3.4/24
	will add 1.2.3.0/24 for IPv4 requestors and ::/0 for IPv6 requestors.
	.B --add-subnet=1.2.3.4/24,1.2.3.4/24
	will add 1.2.3.0/24 for both IPv4 and IPv6 requestors.

	.TP
.B \-c, --cache-size=<cachesize>	.B \-c, --cache-size=<cachesize>
Set the size of dnsmasq's cache. The default is 150 names. Setting the cache size to zero disables caching.	Set the size of dnsmasq's cache. The default is 150 names. Setting the cache size to zero disables caching.
.TP	.TP
Line 542 Set the maximum number of concurrent DNS queries. The	Line 673 Set the maximum number of concurrent DNS queries. The
where this needs to be increased is when using web-server log file	where this needs to be increased is when using web-server log file
resolvers, which can generate large numbers of concurrent queries.	resolvers, which can generate large numbers of concurrent queries.
.TP	.TP
	.B --dnssec
	Validate DNS replies and cache DNSSEC data. When forwarding DNS queries, dnsmasq requests the
	DNSSEC records needed to validate the replies. The replies are validated and the result returned as
	the Authenticated Data bit in the DNS packet. In addition the DNSSEC records are stored in the cache, making
	validation by clients more efficient. Note that validation by clients is the most secure DNSSEC mode, but for
	clients unable to do validation, use of the AD bit set by dnsmasq is useful, provided that the network between
	the dnsmasq server and the client is trusted. Dnsmasq must be compiled with HAVE_DNSSEC enabled, and DNSSEC
	trust anchors provided, see
	.B --trust-anchor.
	Because the DNSSEC validation process uses the cache, it is not
	permitted to reduce the cache size below the default when DNSSEC is
	enabled. The nameservers upstream of dnsmasq must be DNSSEC-capable,
	ie capable of returning DNSSEC records with data. If they are not,
	then dnsmasq will not be able to determine the trusted status of
	answers. In the default mode, this menas that all replies will be
	marked as untrusted. If
	.B --dnssec-check-unsigned
	is set and the upstream servers don't support DNSSEC, then DNS service will be entirely broken.
	.TP
	.B --trust-anchor=[<class>],<domain>,<key-tag>,<algorithm>,<digest-type>,<digest>
	Provide DS records to act a trust anchors for DNSSEC
	validation. Typically these will be the DS record(s) for Zone Signing
	key(s) of the root zone,
	but trust anchors for limited domains are also possible. The current
	root-zone trust anchors may be downloaded from https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml
	.TP
	.B --dnssec-check-unsigned
	As a default, dnsmasq does not check that unsigned DNS replies are
	legitimate: they are assumed to be valid and passed on (without the
	"authentic data" bit set, of course). This does not protect against an
	attacker forging unsigned replies for signed DNS zones, but it is
	fast. If this flag is set, dnsmasq will check the zones of unsigned
	replies, to ensure that unsigned replies are allowed in those
	zones. The cost of this is more upstream queries and slower
	performance. See also the warning about upstream servers in the
	section on
	.B --dnssec
	.TP
	.B --dnssec-no-timecheck
	DNSSEC signatures are only valid for specified time windows, and should be rejected outside those windows. This generates an
	interesting chicken-and-egg problem for machines which don't have a hardware real time clock. For these machines to determine the correct
	time typically requires use of NTP and therefore DNS, but validating DNS requires that the correct time is already known. Setting this flag
	removes the time-window checks (but not other DNSSEC validation.) only until the dnsmasq process receives SIGHUP. The intention is
	that dnsmasq should be started with this flag when the platform determines that reliable time is not currently available. As soon as
	reliable time is established, a SIGHUP should be sent to dnsmasq, which enables time checking, and purges the cache of DNS records
	which have not been throughly checked.
	.TP
	.B --dnssec-timestamp=<path>
	Enables an alternative way of checking the validity of the system time for DNSSEC (see --dnssec-no-timecheck). In this case, the
	system time is considered to be valid once it becomes later than the timestamp on the specified file. The file is created and
	its timestamp set automatically by dnsmasq. The file must be stored on a persistent filesystem, so that it and its mtime are carried
	over system restarts. The timestamp file is created after dnsmasq has dropped root, so it must be in a location writable by the
	unprivileged user that dnsmasq runs as.
	.TP
.B --proxy-dnssec	.B --proxy-dnssec
A resolver on a client machine can do DNSSEC validation in two ways: it	Copy the DNSSEC Authenticated Data bit from upstream servers to downstream clients and cache it. This is an
can perform the cryptograhic operations on the reply it receives, or	alternative to having dnsmasq validate DNSSEC, but it depends on the security of the network between
it can rely on the upstream recursive nameserver to do the validation	dnsmasq and the upstream servers, and the trustworthiness of the upstream servers.
and set a bit in the reply if it succeeds. Dnsmasq is not a DNSSEC
validator, so it cannot perform the validation role of the recursive nameserver,
but it can pass through the validation results from its own upstream
nameservers. This option enables this behaviour. You should only do
this if you trust all the configured upstream nameservers
.I and the network between you and them.
If you use the first DNSSEC mode, validating resolvers in clients,
this option is not required. Dnsmasq always returns all the data
needed for a client to do validation itself.
.TP	.TP
.B --auth-zone=<domain>[,<subnet>[,<subnet>.....]]	.B --dnssec-debug
	Set debugging mode for the DNSSEC validation, set the Checking Disabled bit on upstream queries,
	and don't convert replies which do not validate to responses with
	a return code of SERVFAIL. Note that
	setting this may affect DNS behaviour in bad ways, it is not an
	extra-logging flag and should not be set in production.
	.TP
	.B --auth-zone=<domain>[,<subnet>[/<prefix length>][,<subnet>[/<prefix length>].....]]
Define a DNS zone for which dnsmasq acts as authoritative server. Locally defined DNS records which are in the domain	Define a DNS zone for which dnsmasq acts as authoritative server. Locally defined DNS records which are in the domain
will be served, except that A and AAAA records must be in one of the	will be served. If subnet(s) are given, A and AAAA records must be in one of the
specified subnets, or in a subnet corresponding to a contructed DHCP	specified subnets.
range. The subnet(s) are also used to define in-addr.arpa and
ipv6.arpa domains which are served for reverse-DNS queries. For IPv4	As alternative to directly specifying the subnets, it's possible to
subnets, the prefix length is limited to the values 8, 16 or 24.	give the name of an interface, in which case the subnets implied by
	that interface's configured addresses and netmask/prefix-length are
	used; this is useful when using constructed DHCP ranges as the actual
	address is dynamic and not known when configuring dnsmasq. The
	interface addresses may be confined to only IPv6 addresses using
	<interface>/6 or to only IPv4 using <interface>/4. This is useful when
	an interface has dynamically determined global IPv6 addresses which should
	appear in the zone, but RFC1918 IPv4 addresses which should not.
	Interface-name and address-literal subnet specifications may be used
	freely in the same --auth-zone declaration.

	The subnet(s) are also used to define in-addr.arpa and
	ip6.arpa domains which are served for reverse-DNS queries. If not
	specified, the prefix length defaults to 24 for IPv4 and 64 for IPv6.
	For IPv4 subnets, the prefix length should be have the value 8, 16 or 24
	unless you are familiar with RFC 2317 and have arranged the
	in-addr.arpa delegation accordingly. Note that if no subnets are
	specified, then no reverse queries are answered.
.TP	.TP
.B --auth-soa=<serial>[,<hostmaster>[,<refresh>[,<retry>[,<expiry>]]]]	.B --auth-soa=<serial>[,<hostmaster>[,<refresh>[,<retry>[,<expiry>]]]]
Specify fields in the SOA record associated with authoritative	Specify fields in the SOA record associated with authoritative
Line 590 compiled in and the kernel must have conntrack support	Line 790 compiled in and the kernel must have conntrack support
included and configured. This option cannot be combined with	included and configured. This option cannot be combined with
--query-port.	--query-port.
.TP	.TP
.B \-F, --dhcp-range=[tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>],][set:<tag>,]<start-addr>[,<end-addr>][,<mode>][,<netmask>[,<broadcast>]][,<lease time>]	.B \-F, --dhcp-range=[tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>],][set:<tag>,]<start-addr>[,<end-addr>\|<mode>][,<netmask>[,<broadcast>]][,<lease time>]
.TP	.TP
.B \-F, --dhcp-range=[tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>],][set:<tag>,]<start-IPv6addr>[,<end-IPv6addr>\|constructor:<interface>][,<mode>][,<prefix-len>][,<lease time>]	.B \-F, --dhcp-range=[tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>],][set:<tag>,]<start-IPv6addr>[,<end-IPv6addr>\|constructor:<interface>][,<mode>][,<prefix-len>][,<lease time>]

Line 619 always optional. It is always	Line 819 always optional. It is always
allowed to have more than one dhcp-range in a single subnet.	allowed to have more than one dhcp-range in a single subnet.

For IPv6, the parameters are slightly different: instead of netmask	For IPv6, the parameters are slightly different: instead of netmask
and broadcast address, there is an optional prefix length. If not	and broadcast address, there is an optional prefix length which must
	be equal to or larger then the prefix length on the local interface. If not
given, this defaults to 64. Unlike the IPv4 case, the prefix length is not	given, this defaults to 64. Unlike the IPv4 case, the prefix length is not
automatically derived from the interface configuration. The mimimum	automatically derived from the interface configuration. The mimimum
size of the prefix length is 64.	size of the prefix length is 64.
Line 630 This forms a template which describes how to create ra	Line 831 This forms a template which describes how to create ra

.B --dhcp-range=::1,::400,constructor:eth0	.B --dhcp-range=::1,::400,constructor:eth0

will look for addresses of the form <network>::1 on eth0 and then create a range from <network>::1 to <network>::400. If the interface is assigned more than one network, then the corresponding ranges will be automatically created, and then deprecated and finally removed again as the address is deprecated and then deleted. The interface name may have a final "*" wildcard.	will look for addresses on
	eth0 and then create a range from <network>::1 to <network>::400. If
	the interface is assigned more than one network, then the
	corresponding ranges will be automatically created, and then
	deprecated and finally removed again as the address is deprecated and
	then deleted. The interface name may have a final "*" wildcard. Note
	that just any address on eth0 will not do: it must not be an
	autoconfigured or privacy address, or be deprecated.

	If a dhcp-range is only being used for stateless DHCP and/or SLAAC,
	then the address can be simply ::

	.B --dhcp-range=::,constructor:eth0


The optional	The optional
.B set:<tag>	.B set:<tag>
sets an alphanumeric label which marks this network so that	sets an alphanumeric label which marks this network so that
Line 650 or from /etc/ethers will be served. A static-only subn	Line 864 or from /etc/ethers will be served. A static-only subn
all zeros may be used as a "catch-all" address to enable replies to all	all zeros may be used as a "catch-all" address to enable replies to all
Information-request packets on a subnet which is provided with	Information-request packets on a subnet which is provided with
stateless DHCPv6, ie	stateless DHCPv6, ie
.B --dhcp=range=::,static	.B --dhcp-range=::,static

For IPv4, the <mode> may be	For IPv4, the <mode> may be
.B proxy	.B proxy
Line 662 and	Line 876 and
for details.)	for details.)

For IPv6, the mode may be some combination of	For IPv6, the mode may be some combination of
.B ra-only, slaac, ra-names, ra-stateless.	.B ra-only, slaac, ra-names, ra-stateless, ra-advrouter, off-link.

.B ra-only	.B ra-only
tells dnsmasq to offer Router Advertisement only on this subnet,	tells dnsmasq to offer Router Advertisement only on this subnet,
Line 697 can be combined with	Line 911 can be combined with
and	and
.B slaac.	.B slaac.

	.B ra-advrouter
	enables a mode where router address(es) rather than prefix(es) are included in the advertisements.
	This is described in RFC-3775 section 7.2 and is used in mobile IPv6. In this mode the interval option
	is also included, as described in RFC-3775 section 7.3.

	.B off-link
	tells dnsmasq to advertise the prefix without the on-link (aka L) bit set.

.TP	.TP
.B \-G, --dhcp-host=[<hwaddr>][,id:<client_id>\|*][,set:<tag>][,<ipaddr>][,<hostname>][,<lease_time>][,ignore]	.B \-G, --dhcp-host=[<hwaddr>][,id:<client_id>\|*][,set:<tag>][,<ipaddr>][,<hostname>][,<lease_time>][,ignore]
Specify per host parameters for the DHCP server. This allows a machine	Specify per host parameters for the DHCP server. This allows a machine
Line 721 the same subnet as some valid dhcp-range. For	Line 943 the same subnet as some valid dhcp-range. For
subnets which don't need a pool of dynamically allocated addresses,	subnets which don't need a pool of dynamically allocated addresses,
use the "static" keyword in the dhcp-range declaration.	use the "static" keyword in the dhcp-range declaration.

It is allowed to use client identifiers rather than	It is allowed to use client identifiers (called client
	DUID in IPv6-land rather than
hardware addresses to identify hosts by prefixing with 'id:'. Thus:	hardware addresses to identify hosts by prefixing with 'id:'. Thus:
.B --dhcp-host=id:01:02:03:04,.....	.B --dhcp-host=id:01:02:03:04,.....
refers to the host with client identifier 01:02:03:04. It is also	refers to the host with client identifier 01:02:03:04. It is also
Line 736 IPv6 addresses may contain only the host-identifier pa	Line 959 IPv6 addresses may contain only the host-identifier pa
.B --dhcp-host=laptop,[::56]	.B --dhcp-host=laptop,[::56]
in which case they act as wildcards in constructed dhcp ranges, with	in which case they act as wildcards in constructed dhcp ranges, with
the appropriate network part inserted.	the appropriate network part inserted.
Note that in IPv6 DHCP, the hardware address is not normally	Note that in IPv6 DHCP, the hardware address may not be
available, so a client must be identified by client-id (called client	available, though it normally is for direct-connected clients, or
DUID in IPv6-land) or hostname.	clients using DHCP relays which support RFC 6939.

The special option id:* means "ignore any client-id	and use MAC addresses only." This is useful when a client presents a client-id sometimes
	For DHCPv4, the special option id:* means "ignore any client-id
and use MAC addresses only." This is useful when a client presents a client-id sometimes	and use MAC addresses only." This is useful when a client presents a client-id sometimes
but not others.	but not others.

Line 763 This is	Line 987 This is
useful when there is another DHCP server on the network which should	useful when there is another DHCP server on the network which should
be used by some machines.	be used by some machines.

The set:<tag> contruct sets the tag	The set:<tag> construct sets the tag
whenever this dhcp-host directive is in use. This can be used to	whenever this dhcp-host directive is in use. This can be used to
selectively send DHCP options just for this host. More than one tag	selectively send DHCP options just for this host. More than one tag
can be set in a dhcp-host directive (but not in other places where	can be set in a dhcp-host directive (but not in other places where
Line 813 is given, then read all the files contained in that di	Line 1037 is given, then read all the files contained in that di
using this option is the same as for --dhcp-hostsfile: the	using this option is the same as for --dhcp-hostsfile: the
dhcp-optsfile will be re-read when dnsmasq receives SIGHUP. Note that	dhcp-optsfile will be re-read when dnsmasq receives SIGHUP. Note that
it is possible to encode the information in a	it is possible to encode the information in a
	.TP
	.B --dhcp-hostsdir=<path>
	This is equivalent to dhcp-hostsfile, except for the following. The path MUST be a
	directory, and not an individual file. Changed or new files within
	the directory are read automatically, without the need to send SIGHUP.
	If a file is deleted for changed after it has been read by dnsmasq, then the
	host record it contained will remain until dnsmasq recieves a SIGHUP, or
	is restarted; ie host records are only added dynamically.
	.TP
	.B --dhcp-optsdir=<path>
	This is equivalent to dhcp-optsfile, with the differences noted for --dhcp-hostsdir.
	.TP
.B --dhcp-boot	.B --dhcp-boot
flag as DHCP options, using the options names bootfile-name,	flag as DHCP options, using the options names bootfile-name,
server-ip-address and tftp-server. This allows these to be included	server-ip-address and tftp-server. This allows these to be included
Line 847 and to set the time-server address to 192.168.0.4, do	Line 1083 and to set the time-server address to 192.168.0.4, do
.B --dhcp-option = 42,192.168.0.4	.B --dhcp-option = 42,192.168.0.4
or	or
.B --dhcp-option = option:ntp-server, 192.168.0.4	.B --dhcp-option = option:ntp-server, 192.168.0.4
The special address 0.0.0.0 (or [::] for DHCPv6) is taken to mean "the address of the	The special address 0.0.0.0 is taken to mean "the address of the
machine running dnsmasq". Data types allowed are comma separated	machine running dnsmasq".
dotted-quad IP addresses, a decimal number, colon-separated hex digits
	Data types allowed are comma separated
	dotted-quad IPv4 addresses, []-wrapped IPv6 addresses, a decimal number, colon-separated hex digits
and a text string. If the optional tags are given then	and a text string. If the optional tags are given then
this option is only sent when all the tags are matched.	this option is only sent when all the tags are matched.

Line 865 keyword, followed by the option number or option name.	Line 1103 keyword, followed by the option number or option name.
name space is disjoint from the IPv4 option name space. IPv6 addresses	name space is disjoint from the IPv4 option name space. IPv6 addresses
in options must be bracketed with square brackets, eg.	in options must be bracketed with square brackets, eg.
.B --dhcp-option=option6:ntp-server,[1234::56]	.B --dhcp-option=option6:ntp-server,[1234::56]
	For IPv6, [::] means "the global address of
	the machine running dnsmasq", whilst [fd00::] is replaced with the
	ULA, if it exists, and [fe80::] with the link-local address.

Be careful: no checking is done that the correct type of data for the	Be careful: no checking is done that the correct type of data for the
option number is sent, it is quite possible to	option number is sent, it is quite possible to
Line 928 DHCP options. This make extra space available in the D	Line 1168 DHCP options. This make extra space available in the D
options but can, rarely, confuse old or broken clients. This flag	options but can, rarely, confuse old or broken clients. This flag
forces "simple and safe" behaviour to avoid problems in such a case.	forces "simple and safe" behaviour to avoid problems in such a case.
.TP	.TP
	.B --dhcp-relay=<local address>,<server address>[,<interface]
	Configure dnsmasq to do DHCP relay. The local address is an address
	allocated to an interface on the host running dnsmasq. All DHCP
	requests arriving on that interface will we relayed to a remote DHCP
	server at the server address. It is possible to relay from a single local
	address to multiple remote servers by using multiple dhcp-relay
	configs with the same local address and different server
	addresses. A server address must be an IP literal address, not a
	domain name. In the case of DHCPv6, the server address may be the
	ALL_SERVERS multicast address, ff05::1:3. In this case the interface
	must be given, not be wildcard, and is used to direct the multicast to the
	correct interface to reach the DHCP server.

	Access control for DHCP clients has the same rules as for the DHCP
	server, see --interface, --except-interface, etc. The optional
	interface name in the dhcp-relay config has a different function: it
	controls on which interface DHCP replies from the server will be
	accepted. This is intended for configurations which have three
	interfaces: one being relayed from, a second connecting the DHCP
	server, and a third untrusted network, typically the wider
	internet. It avoids the possibility of spoof replies arriving via this
	third interface.

	It is allowed to have dnsmasq act as a DHCP server on one set of
	interfaces and relay from a disjoint set of interfaces. Note that
	whilst it is quite possible to write configurations which appear to
	act as a server and a relay on the same interface, this is not
	supported: the relay function will take precedence.

	Both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 relay is supported. It's not possible to relay
	DHCPv4 to a DHCPv6 server or vice-versa.
	.TP
.B \-U, --dhcp-vendorclass=set:<tag>,[enterprise:<IANA-enterprise number>,]<vendor-class>	.B \-U, --dhcp-vendorclass=set:<tag>,[enterprise:<IANA-enterprise number>,]<vendor-class>
Map from a vendor-class string to a tag. Most DHCP clients provide a	Map from a vendor-class string to a tag. Most DHCP clients provide a
"vendor class" which represents, in some sense, the type of host. This option	"vendor class" which represents, in some sense, the type of host. This option
Line 956 this to set a different printer server for hosts in th	Line 1228 this to set a different printer server for hosts in th
"accounts" than for hosts in the class "engineering".	"accounts" than for hosts in the class "engineering".
.TP	.TP
.B \-4, --dhcp-mac=set:<tag>,<MAC address>	.B \-4, --dhcp-mac=set:<tag>,<MAC address>
(IPv4 only) Map from a MAC address to a tag. The MAC address may include	Map from a MAC address to a tag. The MAC address may include
wildcards. For example	wildcards. For example
.B --dhcp-mac=set:3com,01:34:23:::*	.B --dhcp-mac=set:3com,01:34:23:::*
will set the tag "3com" for any host whose MAC address matches the pattern.	will set the tag "3com" for any host whose MAC address matches the pattern.
Line 978 agent ID and one provided by a relay agent, the tag is	Line 1250 agent ID and one provided by a relay agent, the tag is
(IPv4 only) A normal DHCP relay agent is only used to forward the initial parts of	(IPv4 only) A normal DHCP relay agent is only used to forward the initial parts of
a DHCP interaction to the DHCP server. Once a client is configured, it	a DHCP interaction to the DHCP server. Once a client is configured, it
communicates directly with the server. This is undesirable if the	communicates directly with the server. This is undesirable if the
relay agent is addding extra information to the DHCP packets, such as	relay agent is adding extra information to the DHCP packets, such as
that used by	that used by
.B dhcp-circuitid	.B dhcp-circuitid
and	and
Line 995 relays at those addresses are affected.	Line 1267 relays at those addresses are affected.
Without a value, set the tag if the client sends a DHCP	Without a value, set the tag if the client sends a DHCP
option of the given number or name. When a value is given, set the tag only if	option of the given number or name. When a value is given, set the tag only if
the option is sent and matches the value. The value may be of the form	the option is sent and matches the value. The value may be of the form
"01:ff:*:02" in which case the value must match (apart from widcards)	"01:ff:*:02" in which case the value must match (apart from wildcards)
but the option sent may have unmatched data past the end of the	but the option sent may have unmatched data past the end of the
value. The value may also be of the same form as in	value. The value may also be of the same form as in
.B dhcp-option	.B dhcp-option
Line 1008 will set the tag "efi-ia32" if the the number 6 appear	Line 1280 will set the tag "efi-ia32" if the the number 6 appear
architectures sent by the client in option 93. (See RFC 4578 for	architectures sent by the client in option 93. (See RFC 4578 for
details.) If the value is a string, substring matching is used.	details.) If the value is a string, substring matching is used.

The special form with vi-encap:<enterpise number> matches against	The special form with vi-encap:<enterprise number> matches against
vendor-identifying vendor classes for the specified enterprise. Please	vendor-identifying vendor classes for the specified enterprise. Please
see RFC 3925 for more details of these rare and interesting beasts.	see RFC 3925 for more details of these rare and interesting beasts.
.TP	.TP
Line 1036 dhcp-host configuration in dnsmasq and the contents of	Line 1308 dhcp-host configuration in dnsmasq and the contents of
.TP	.TP
.B --dhcp-generate-names=tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>]	.B --dhcp-generate-names=tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>]
(IPv4 only) Generate a name for DHCP clients which do not otherwise have one,	(IPv4 only) Generate a name for DHCP clients which do not otherwise have one,
using the MAC address expressed in hex, seperated by dashes. Note that	using the MAC address expressed in hex, separated by dashes. Note that
if a host provides a name, it will be used by preference to this,	if a host provides a name, it will be used by preference to this,
unless	unless
.B --dhcp-ignore-names	.B --dhcp-ignore-names
Line 1086 functions when supported by a suitable DHCP server.	Line 1358 functions when supported by a suitable DHCP server.
This specifies a boot option which may appear in a PXE boot menu. <CSA> is	This specifies a boot option which may appear in a PXE boot menu. <CSA> is
client system type, only services of the correct type will appear in a	client system type, only services of the correct type will appear in a
menu. The known types are x86PC, PC98, IA64_EFI, Alpha, Arc_x86,	menu. The known types are x86PC, PC98, IA64_EFI, Alpha, Arc_x86,
Intel_Lean_Client, IA32_EFI, BC_EFI, Xscale_EFI and X86-64_EFI; an	Intel_Lean_Client, IA32_EFI, X86-64_EFI, Xscale_EFI, BC_EFI, ARM32_EFI and ARM64_EFI; an
integer may be used for other types. The	integer may be used for other types. The
parameter after the menu text may be a file name, in which case dnsmasq acts as a	parameter after the menu text may be a file name, in which case dnsmasq acts as a
boot server and directs the PXE client to download the file by TFTP,	boot server and directs the PXE client to download the file by TFTP,
Line 1095 either from itself (	Line 1367 either from itself (
must be set for this to work) or another TFTP server if the final server	must be set for this to work) or another TFTP server if the final server
address/name is given.	address/name is given.
Note that the "layer"	Note that the "layer"
suffix (normally ".0") is supplied by PXE, and should not be added to	suffix (normally ".0") is supplied by PXE, and need not be added to
the basename. If an integer boot service type, rather than a basename	the basename. Alternatively, the basename may be a filename, complete with suffix, in which case
	no layer suffix is added. If an integer boot service type, rather than a basename
is given, then the PXE client will search for a	is given, then the PXE client will search for a
suitable boot service for that type on the network. This search may be done	suitable boot service for that type on the network. This search may be done
by broadcast, or direct to a server if its IP address/name is provided.	by broadcast, or direct to a server if its IP address/name is provided.
Line 1113 timeout has elapsed with no keyboard input, the first	Line 1386 timeout has elapsed with no keyboard input, the first
option will be automatically executed. If the timeout is zero then the first available menu	option will be automatically executed. If the timeout is zero then the first available menu
item will be executed immediately. If	item will be executed immediately. If
.B pxe-prompt	.B pxe-prompt
is ommitted the system will wait for user input if there are multiple	is omitted the system will wait for user input if there are multiple
items in the menu, but boot immediately if	items in the menu, but boot immediately if
there is only one. See	there is only one. See
.B pxe-service	.B pxe-service
Line 1162 enables dynamic allocation. With tags, only when the t	Line 1435 enables dynamic allocation. With tags, only when the t
set. It may be repeated with different tag sets.	set. It may be repeated with different tag sets.
.TP	.TP
.B \-5, --no-ping	.B \-5, --no-ping
(IPv4 only) By default, the DHCP server will attempt to ensure that an address in	(IPv4 only) By default, the DHCP server will attempt to ensure that an address is
not in use before allocating it to a host. It does this by sending an	not in use before allocating it to a host. It does this by sending an
ICMP echo request (aka "ping") to the address in question. If it gets	ICMP echo request (aka "ping") to the address in question. If it gets
a reply, then the address must already be in use, and another is	a reply, then the address must already be in use, and another is
Line 1172 tried. This flag disables this check. Use with caution	Line 1445 tried. This flag disables this check. Use with caution
Extra logging for DHCP: log all the options sent to DHCP clients and	Extra logging for DHCP: log all the options sent to DHCP clients and
the tags used to determine them.	the tags used to determine them.
.TP	.TP
	.B --quiet-dhcp, --quiet-dhcp6, --quiet-ra
	Suppress logging of the routine operation of these protocols. Errors and
	problems will still be logged. --quiet-dhcp and quiet-dhcp6 are
	over-ridden by --log-dhcp.
	.TP
.B \-l, --dhcp-leasefile=<path>	.B \-l, --dhcp-leasefile=<path>
Use the specified file to store DHCP lease information.	Use the specified file to store DHCP lease information.
.TP	.TP
Line 1262 every call to the script.	Line 1540 every call to the script.
DNSMASQ_IAID containing the IAID for the lease. If the lease is a	DNSMASQ_IAID containing the IAID for the lease. If the lease is a
temporary allocation, this is prefixed to 'T'.	temporary allocation, this is prefixed to 'T'.

	DNSMASQ_MAC containing the MAC address of the client, if known.


Note that the supplied hostname, vendorclass and userclass data is	Note that the supplied hostname, vendorclass and userclass data is
only supplied for	only supplied for
"add" actions or "old" actions when a host resumes an existing lease,	"add" actions or "old" actions when a host resumes an existing lease,
Line 1289 At dnsmasq startup, the script will be invoked for	Line 1567 At dnsmasq startup, the script will be invoked for
all existing leases as they are read from the lease file. Expired	all existing leases as they are read from the lease file. Expired
leases will be called with "del" and others with "old". When dnsmasq	leases will be called with "del" and others with "old". When dnsmasq
receives a HUP signal, the script will be invoked for existing leases	receives a HUP signal, the script will be invoked for existing leases
with an "old " event.	with an "old" event.


There are two further actions which may appear as the first argument	There are four further actions which may appear as the first argument
to the script, "init" and "tftp". More may be added in the future, so	to the script, "init", "arp-add", "arp-del" and "tftp". More may be added in the future, so
scripts should be written to ignore unknown actions. "init" is	scripts should be written to ignore unknown actions. "init" is
described below in	described below in
.B --leasefile-ro	.B --leasefile-ro
Line 1301 The "tftp" action is invoked when a TFTP file transfer	Line 1579 The "tftp" action is invoked when a TFTP file transfer
arguments are the file size in bytes, the address to which the file	arguments are the file size in bytes, the address to which the file
was sent, and the complete pathname of the file.	was sent, and the complete pathname of the file.

	The "arp-add" and "arp-del" actions are only called if enabled with
	.B --script-arp
	They are are supplied with a MAC address and IP address as arguments. "arp-add" indicates
	the arrival of a new entry in the ARP or neighbour table, and "arp-del" indicates the deletion of same.

.TP	.TP
.B --dhcp-luascript=<path>	.B --dhcp-luascript=<path>
Specify a script written in Lua, to be run when leases are created,	Specify a script written in Lua, to be run when leases are created,
Line 1347 table holds the tags	Line 1630 table holds the tags
.B file_name	.B file_name
and	and
.B file_size.	.B file_size.

	The
	.B arp
	and
	.B arp-old
	functions are called only when enabled with
	.B --script-arp
	and have a table which holds the tags
	.B mac_addres
	and
	.B client_address.
.TP	.TP
.B --dhcp-scriptuser	.B --dhcp-scriptuser
Specify the user as which to run the lease-change script or Lua script. This defaults to root, but can be changed to another user using this flag.	Specify the user as which to run the lease-change script or Lua script. This defaults to root, but can be changed to another user using this flag.
.TP	.TP
	.B --script-arp
	Enable the "arp" and "arp-old" functions in the dhcp-script and dhcp-luascript.
	.TP
.B \-9, --leasefile-ro	.B \-9, --leasefile-ro
Completely suppress use of the lease database file. The file will not	Completely suppress use of the lease database file. The file will not
be created, read, or written. Change the way the lease-change	be created, read, or written. Change the way the lease-change
Line 1366 option also forces the leasechange script to be called	Line 1663 option also forces the leasechange script to be called
to the client-id and lease length and expiry time.	to the client-id and lease length and expiry time.
.TP	.TP
.B --bridge-interface=<interface>,<alias>[,<alias>]	.B --bridge-interface=<interface>,<alias>[,<alias>]
Treat DHCP request packets arriving at any of the <alias> interfaces	Treat DHCP (v4 and v6) request and IPv6 Router Solicit packets
as if they had arrived at <interface>. This option is necessary when	arriving at any of the <alias> interfaces as if they had arrived at
using "old style" bridging on BSD platforms, since	<interface>. This option allows dnsmasq to provide DHCP and RA
packets arrive at tap interfaces which don't have an IP address.	service over unaddressed and unbridged Ethernet interfaces, e.g. on an
	OpenStack compute host where each such interface is a TAP interface to
	a VM, or as in "old style bridging" on BSD platforms. A trailing '*'
	wildcard can be used in each <alias>.
.TP	.TP
.B \-s, --domain=<domain>[,<address range>[,local]]	.B \-s, --domain=<domain>[,<address range>[,local]]
Specifies DNS domains for the DHCP server. Domains may be be given	Specifies DNS domains for the DHCP server. Domains may be be given
Line 1412 In the default mode, dnsmasq inserts the unqualified n	Line 1712 In the default mode, dnsmasq inserts the unqualified n
DHCP clients into the DNS. For this reason, the names must be unique,	DHCP clients into the DNS. For this reason, the names must be unique,
even if two clients which have the same name are in different	even if two clients which have the same name are in different
domains. If a second DHCP client appears which has the same name as an	domains. If a second DHCP client appears which has the same name as an
existing client, the name is transfered to the new client. If	existing client, the name is transferred to the new client. If
.B --dhcp-fqdn	.B --dhcp-fqdn
is set, this behaviour changes: the unqualified name is no longer	is set, this behaviour changes: the unqualified name is no longer
put in the DNS, only the qualified name. Two DHCP clients with the	put in the DNS, only the qualified name. Two DHCP clients with the
Line 1440 creation are handled by a different protocol. When DHC	Line 1740 creation are handled by a different protocol. When DHC
only a subset of this is needed, and dnsmasq can handle it, using	only a subset of this is needed, and dnsmasq can handle it, using
existing DHCP configuration to provide most data. When RA is enabled,	existing DHCP configuration to provide most data. When RA is enabled,
dnsmasq will advertise a prefix for each dhcp-range, with default	dnsmasq will advertise a prefix for each dhcp-range, with default
router and recursive DNS server as the relevant link-local address on	router as the relevant link-local address on
the machine running dnsmasq. By default, he "managed address" bits are set, and	the machine running dnsmasq. By default, the "managed address" bits are set, and
the "use SLAAC" bit is reset. This can be changed for individual	the "use SLAAC" bit is reset. This can be changed for individual
subnets with the mode keywords described in	subnets with the mode keywords described in
.B --dhcp-range.	.B --dhcp-range.
RFC6106 DNS parameters are included in the advertisements. By default,	RFC6106 DNS parameters are included in the advertisements. By default,
the relevant link-local address of the machine running dnsmasq is sent	the relevant link-local address of the machine running dnsmasq is sent
as recursive DNS server. If provided, the DHCPv6 options dns-server and	as recursive DNS server. If provided, the DHCPv6 options dns-server and
domain-search are used for RDNSS and DNSSL.	domain-search are used for the DNS server (RDNSS) and the domain serach list (DNSSL).
.TP	.TP
.B --enable-tftp	.B --ra-param=<interface>,[high\|low],[[<ra-interval>],<router lifetime>]
	Set non-default values for router advertisements sent via an
	interface. The priority field for the router may be altered from the
	default of medium with eg
	.B --ra-param=eth0,high.
	The interval between router advertisements may be set (in seconds) with
	.B --ra-param=eth0,60.
	The lifetime of the route may be changed or set to zero, which allows
	a router to advertise prefixes but not a route via itself.
	.B --ra-parm=eth0,0,0
	(A value of zero for the interval means the default value.) All three parameters may be set at once.
	.B --ra-param=low,60,1200
	The interface field may include a wildcard.
	.TP
	.B --enable-tftp[=<interface>[,<interface>]]
Enable the TFTP server function. This is deliberately limited to that	Enable the TFTP server function. This is deliberately limited to that
needed to net-boot a client. Only reading is allowed; the tsize and	needed to net-boot a client. Only reading is allowed; the tsize and
blksize extensions are supported (tsize is only supported in octet	blksize extensions are supported (tsize is only supported in octet
mode).	mode). Without an argument, the TFTP service is provided to the same set of interfaces as DHCP service.
	If the list of interfaces is provided, that defines which interfaces recieve TFTP service.
.TP	.TP
.B --tftp-root=<directory>[,<interface>]	.B --tftp-root=<directory>[,<interface>]
Look for files to transfer using TFTP relative to the given	Look for files to transfer using TFTP relative to the given
Line 1464 Absolute paths (starting with /) are allowed, but they	Line 1779 Absolute paths (starting with /) are allowed, but they
the tftp-root. If the optional interface argument is given, the	the tftp-root. If the optional interface argument is given, the
directory is only used for TFTP requests via that interface.	directory is only used for TFTP requests via that interface.
.TP	.TP
	.B --tftp-no-fail
	Do not abort startup if specified tftp root directories are inaccessible.
	.TP
.B --tftp-unique-root	.B --tftp-unique-root
Add the IP address of the TFTP client as a path component on the end	Add the IP address of the TFTP client as a path component on the end
of the TFTP-root (in standard dotted-quad format). Only valid if a	of the TFTP-root (in standard dotted-quad format). Only valid if a
Line 1500 require about (2*n) + 10 descriptors. If	Line 1818 require about (2*n) + 10 descriptors. If
.B --tftp-port-range	.B --tftp-port-range
is given, that can affect the number of concurrent connections.	is given, that can affect the number of concurrent connections.
.TP	.TP
	.B --tftp-mtu=<mtu size>
	Use size as the ceiling of the MTU supported by the intervening network when
	negotiating TFTP blocksize, overriding the MTU setting of the local interface if it is larger.
	.TP
.B --tftp-no-blocksize	.B --tftp-no-blocksize
Stop the TFTP server from negotiating the "blocksize" option with a	Stop the TFTP server from negotiating the "blocksize" option with a
client. Some buggy clients request this option but then behave badly	client. Some buggy clients request this option but then behave badly
Line 1519 Specify a different configuration file. The conf-file	Line 1841 Specify a different configuration file. The conf-file
configuration files, to include multiple configuration files. A	configuration files, to include multiple configuration files. A
filename of "-" causes dnsmasq to read configuration from stdin.	filename of "-" causes dnsmasq to read configuration from stdin.
.TP	.TP
.B \-7, --conf-dir=<directory>[,<file-extension>......]	.B \-7, --conf-dir=<directory>[,<file-extension>......],
Read all the files in the given directory as configuration	Read all the files in the given directory as configuration
files. If extension(s) are given, any files which end in those	files. If extension(s) are given, any files which end in those
extensions are skipped. Any files whose names end in ~ or start with . or start and end	extensions are skipped. Any files whose names end in ~ or start with . or start and end
with # are always skipped. This flag may be given on the command	with # are always skipped. If the extension starts with * then only files
line or in a configuration file.	which have that extension are loaded. So
	.B --conf-dir=/path/to/dir,*.conf
	loads all files with the suffix .conf in /path/to/dir. This flag may be given on the command
	line or in a configuration file. If giving it on the command line, be sure to
	escape * characters.
	.TP
	.B --servers-file=<file>
	A special case of
	.B --conf-file
	which differs in two respects. Firstly, only --server and --rev-server are allowed
	in the configuration file included. Secondly, the file is re-read and the configuration
	therein is updated when dnsmasq recieves SIGHUP.
.SH CONFIG FILE	.SH CONFIG FILE
At startup, dnsmasq reads	At startup, dnsmasq reads
.I /etc/dnsmasq.conf,	.I /etc/dnsmasq.conf,
Line 1550 clears its cache and then re-loads	Line 1883 clears its cache and then re-loads
.I /etc/hosts	.I /etc/hosts
and	and
.I /etc/ethers	.I /etc/ethers
and any file given by --dhcp-hostsfile, --dhcp-optsfile or --addn-hosts.	and any file given by --dhcp-hostsfile, --dhcp-hostsdir, --dhcp-optsfile,
	--dhcp-optsdir, --addn-hosts or --hostsdir.
The dhcp lease change script is called for all	The dhcp lease change script is called for all
existing DHCP leases. If	existing DHCP leases. If
.B	.B
Line 1565 When it receives a SIGUSR1,	Line 1899 When it receives a SIGUSR1,
writes statistics to the system log. It writes the cache size,	writes statistics to the system log. It writes the cache size,
the number of names which have had to removed from the cache before	the number of names which have had to removed from the cache before
they expired in order to make room for new names and the total number	they expired in order to make room for new names and the total number
of names that have been inserted into the cache. For each upstream	of names that have been inserted into the cache. The number of cache hits and
	misses and the number of authoritative queries answered are also given. For each upstream
server it gives the number of queries sent, and the number which	server it gives the number of queries sent, and the number which
resulted in an error. In	resulted in an error. In
.B --no-daemon	.B --no-daemon
mode or when full logging is enabled (-q), a complete dump of the	mode or when full logging is enabled (-q), a complete dump of the
contents of the cache is made.	contents of the cache is made.

	The cache statistics are also available in the DNS as answers to
	queries of class CHAOS and type TXT in domain bind. The domain names are cachesize.bind, insertions.bind, evictions.bind,
	misses.bind, hits.bind, auth.bind and servers.bind. An example command to query this, using the
	.B dig
	utility would be

	dig +short chaos txt cachesize.bind

.PP	.PP
When it receives SIGUSR2 and it is logging direct to a file (see	When it receives SIGUSR2 and it is logging direct to a file (see
.B --log-facility	.B --log-facility
Line 1666 used to allocate the address, one from any matching	Line 2010 used to allocate the address, one from any matching
The tag "bootp" is set for BOOTP requests, and a tag whose name is the	The tag "bootp" is set for BOOTP requests, and a tag whose name is the
name of the interface on which the request arrived is also set.	name of the interface on which the request arrived is also set.

Any configuration lines which includes one or more tag:<tag> contructs	Any configuration lines which include one or more tag:<tag> constructs
will only be valid if all that tags are matched in the set derived	will only be valid if all that tags are matched in the set derived
above. Typically this is dhcp-option.	above. Typically this is dhcp-option.
.B dhcp-option	.B dhcp-option
Line 1674 which has tags will be used in preference to an untag	Line 2018 which has tags will be used in preference to an untag
.B dhcp-option,	.B dhcp-option,
provided that _all_ the tags match somewhere in the	provided that _all_ the tags match somewhere in the
set collected as described above. The prefix '!' on a tag means 'not'	set collected as described above. The prefix '!' on a tag means 'not'
so --dhcp=option=tag:!purple,3,1.2.3.4 sends the option when the	so --dhcp-option=tag:!purple,3,1.2.3.4 sends the option when the
tag purple is not in the set of valid tags. (If using this in a	tag purple is not in the set of valid tags. (If using this in a
command line rather than a configuration file, be sure to escape !,	command line rather than a configuration file, be sure to escape !,
which is a shell metacharacter)	which is a shell metacharacter)
Line 1791 Something like:	Line 2135 Something like:
.nf	.nf
.B auth-server=our.zone.com,eth0	.B auth-server=our.zone.com,eth0
.B interface-name=our.zone.com,eth0	.B interface-name=our.zone.com,eth0
.B auth-zone=our.zone.com,1.2.3.0/24	.B auth-zone=our.zone.com,1.2.3.0/24,eth0
.fi	.fi

	(The "eth0" argument in auth-zone adds the subnet containing eth0's
	dynamic address to the zone, so that the interface-name returns the
	address in outside queries.)

Our final configuration builds on that above, but also adds a	Our final configuration builds on that above, but also adds a
secondary DNS server. This is another DNS server which learns the DNS data	secondary DNS server. This is another DNS server which learns the DNS data
for the zone by doing zones transfer, and acts as a backup should	for the zone by doing zones transfer, and acts as a backup should
Line 1822 to particular hosts then	Line 2170 to particular hosts then
will do so.	will do so.

Dnsmasq acts as an authoritative server for in-addr.arpa and	Dnsmasq acts as an authoritative server for in-addr.arpa and
ipv6.arpa domains associated with the subnets given in auth-zone	ip6.arpa domains associated with the subnets given in auth-zone
declarations, so reverse (address to name) lookups can be simply	declarations, so reverse (address to name) lookups can be simply
configured with a suitable NS record, for instance in this example,	configured with a suitable NS record, for instance in this example,
where we allow 1.2.3.0/24 addresses.	where we allow 1.2.3.0/24 addresses.
Line 1851 IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from /etc/hosts (and	Line 2199 IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from /etc/hosts (and
.B --addn-hosts	.B --addn-hosts
) and	) and
.B --host-record	.B --host-record
	and
	.B --interface-name
provided the address falls into one of the subnets specified in the	provided the address falls into one of the subnets specified in the
.B --auth-zone.	.B --auth-zone.
.PP	.PP
Addresses specified by
.B --interface-name.
In this case, the address is not contrained to a subnet from
.B --auth-zone.

.PP
Addresses of DHCP leases, provided the address falls into one of the subnets specified in the	Addresses of DHCP leases, provided the address falls into one of the subnets specified in the
	.B --auth-zone.
	(If contructed DHCP ranges are is use, which depend on the address dynamically
	assigned to an interface, then the form of
.B --auth-zone	.B --auth-zone
OR a constructed DHCP range. In the default mode, where a DHCP lease	which defines subnets by the dynamic address of an interface should
	be used to ensure this condition is met.)
	.PP
	In the default mode, where a DHCP lease
has an unqualified name, and possibly a qualified name constructed	has an unqualified name, and possibly a qualified name constructed
using	using
.B --domain	.B --domain

FreeBSD-CVSweb <freebsd-cvsweb@FreeBSD.org>

Removed from v.1.1
changed lines
	Added in v.1.1.1.3