1: <!doctype refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN" [
2:
3: <!-- Process this file with docbook-to-man to generate an nroff manual
4: page: `docbook-to-man manpage.sgml > manpage.1'. You may view
5: the manual page with: `docbook-to-man manpage.sgml | nroff -man |
6: less'. A typical entry in a Makefile or Makefile.am is:
7:
8: manpage.1: manpage.sgml
9: docbook-to-man $< > $@
10: -->
11:
12: <!-- Fill in your name for FIRSTNAME and SURNAME. -->
13: <!ENTITY dhfirstname "<firstname>Scott</firstname>">
14: <!ENTITY dhsurname "<surname>Bronson</surname>">
15: <!-- Please adjust the date whenever revising the manpage. -->
16: <!ENTITY dhdate "<date>December 5, 2001</date>">
17: <!-- SECTION should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection other parameters are
18: allowed: see man(7), man(1). -->
19: <!ENTITY dhsection "<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>">
20: <!ENTITY dhemail "<email>bronson@rinspin.com</email>">
21: <!ENTITY dhusername "Scott Bronson">
22: <!ENTITY dhucpackage "<refentrytitle>XMLWF</refentrytitle>">
23: <!ENTITY dhpackage "xmlwf">
24:
25: <!ENTITY debian "<productname>Debian GNU/Linux</productname>">
26: <!ENTITY gnu "<acronym>GNU</acronym>">
27: ]>
28:
29: <refentry>
30: <refentryinfo>
31: <address>
32: &dhemail;
33: </address>
34: <author>
35: &dhfirstname;
36: &dhsurname;
37: </author>
38: <copyright>
39: <year>2001</year>
40: <holder>&dhusername;</holder>
41: </copyright>
42: &dhdate;
43: </refentryinfo>
44: <refmeta>
45: &dhucpackage;
46:
47: &dhsection;
48: </refmeta>
49: <refnamediv>
50: <refname>&dhpackage;</refname>
51:
52: <refpurpose>Determines if an XML document is well-formed</refpurpose>
53: </refnamediv>
54: <refsynopsisdiv>
55: <cmdsynopsis>
56: <command>&dhpackage;</command>
57: <arg><option>-s</option></arg>
58: <arg><option>-n</option></arg>
59: <arg><option>-p</option></arg>
60: <arg><option>-x</option></arg>
61:
62: <arg><option>-e <replaceable>encoding</replaceable></option></arg>
63: <arg><option>-w</option></arg>
64:
65: <arg><option>-d <replaceable>output-dir</replaceable></option></arg>
66: <arg><option>-c</option></arg>
67: <arg><option>-m</option></arg>
68:
69: <arg><option>-r</option></arg>
70: <arg><option>-t</option></arg>
71:
72: <arg><option>-v</option></arg>
73:
74: <arg>file ...</arg>
75: </cmdsynopsis>
76: </refsynopsisdiv>
77:
78: <refsect1>
79: <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
80:
81: <para>
82: <command>&dhpackage;</command> uses the Expat library to
83: determine if an XML document is well-formed. It is
84: non-validating.
85: </para>
86:
87: <para>
88: If you do not specify any files on the command-line, and you
89: have a recent version of <command>&dhpackage;</command>, the
90: input file will be read from standard input.
91: </para>
92:
93: </refsect1>
94:
95: <refsect1>
96: <title>WELL-FORMED DOCUMENTS</title>
97:
98: <para>
99: A well-formed document must adhere to the
100: following rules:
101: </para>
102:
103: <itemizedlist>
104: <listitem><para>
105: The file begins with an XML declaration. For instance,
106: <literal><?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?></literal>.
107: <emphasis>NOTE:</emphasis>
108: <command>&dhpackage;</command> does not currently
109: check for a valid XML declaration.
110: </para></listitem>
111: <listitem><para>
112: Every start tag is either empty (<tag/>)
113: or has a corresponding end tag.
114: </para></listitem>
115: <listitem><para>
116: There is exactly one root element. This element must contain
117: all other elements in the document. Only comments, white
118: space, and processing instructions may come after the close
119: of the root element.
120: </para></listitem>
121: <listitem><para>
122: All elements nest properly.
123: </para></listitem>
124: <listitem><para>
125: All attribute values are enclosed in quotes (either single
126: or double).
127: </para></listitem>
128: </itemizedlist>
129:
130: <para>
131: If the document has a DTD, and it strictly complies with that
132: DTD, then the document is also considered <emphasis>valid</emphasis>.
133: <command>&dhpackage;</command> is a non-validating parser --
134: it does not check the DTD. However, it does support
135: external entities (see the <option>-x</option> option).
136: </para>
137: </refsect1>
138:
139: <refsect1>
140: <title>OPTIONS</title>
141:
142: <para>
143: When an option includes an argument, you may specify the argument either
144: separately ("<option>-d</option> output") or concatenated with the
145: option ("<option>-d</option>output"). <command>&dhpackage;</command>
146: supports both.
147: </para>
148:
149: <variablelist>
150:
151: <varlistentry>
152: <term><option>-c</option></term>
153: <listitem>
154: <para>
155: If the input file is well-formed and <command>&dhpackage;</command>
156: doesn't encounter any errors, the input file is simply copied to
157: the output directory unchanged.
158: This implies no namespaces (turns off <option>-n</option>) and
159: requires <option>-d</option> to specify an output file.
160: </para>
161: </listitem>
162: </varlistentry>
163:
164: <varlistentry>
165: <term><option>-d output-dir</option></term>
166: <listitem>
167: <para>
168: Specifies a directory to contain transformed
169: representations of the input files.
170: By default, <option>-d</option> outputs a canonical representation
171: (described below).
172: You can select different output formats using <option>-c</option>
173: and <option>-m</option>.
174: </para>
175: <para>
176: The output filenames will
177: be exactly the same as the input filenames or "STDIN" if the input is
178: coming from standard input. Therefore, you must be careful that the
179: output file does not go into the same directory as the input
180: file. Otherwise, <command>&dhpackage;</command> will delete the
181: input file before it generates the output file (just like running
182: <literal>cat < file > file</literal> in most shells).
183: </para>
184: <para>
185: Two structurally equivalent XML documents have a byte-for-byte
186: identical canonical XML representation.
187: Note that ignorable white space is considered significant and
188: is treated equivalently to data.
189: More on canonical XML can be found at
190: http://www.jclark.com/xml/canonxml.html .
191: </para>
192: </listitem>
193: </varlistentry>
194:
195: <varlistentry>
196: <term><option>-e encoding</option></term>
197: <listitem>
198: <para>
199: Specifies the character encoding for the document, overriding
200: any document encoding declaration. <command>&dhpackage;</command>
201: supports four built-in encodings:
202: <literal>US-ASCII</literal>,
203: <literal>UTF-8</literal>,
204: <literal>UTF-16</literal>, and
205: <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>.
206: Also see the <option>-w</option> option.
207: </para>
208: </listitem>
209: </varlistentry>
210:
211: <varlistentry>
212: <term><option>-m</option></term>
213: <listitem>
214: <para>
215: Outputs some strange sort of XML file that completely
216: describes the the input file, including character postitions.
217: Requires <option>-d</option> to specify an output file.
218: </para>
219: </listitem>
220: </varlistentry>
221:
222: <varlistentry>
223: <term><option>-n</option></term>
224: <listitem>
225: <para>
226: Turns on namespace processing. (describe namespaces)
227: <option>-c</option> disables namespaces.
228: </para>
229: </listitem>
230: </varlistentry>
231:
232: <varlistentry>
233: <term><option>-p</option></term>
234: <listitem>
235: <para>
236: Tells xmlwf to process external DTDs and parameter
237: entities.
238: </para>
239: <para>
240: Normally <command>&dhpackage;</command> never parses parameter
241: entities. <option>-p</option> tells it to always parse them.
242: <option>-p</option> implies <option>-x</option>.
243: </para>
244: </listitem>
245: </varlistentry>
246:
247: <varlistentry>
248: <term><option>-r</option></term>
249: <listitem>
250: <para>
251: Normally <command>&dhpackage;</command> memory-maps the XML file
252: before parsing; this can result in faster parsing on many
253: platforms.
254: <option>-r</option> turns off memory-mapping and uses normal file
255: IO calls instead.
256: Of course, memory-mapping is automatically turned off
257: when reading from standard input.
258: </para>
259: <para>
260: Use of memory-mapping can cause some platforms to report
261: substantially higher memory usage for
262: <command>&dhpackage;</command>, but this appears to be a matter of
263: the operating system reporting memory in a strange way; there is
264: not a leak in <command>&dhpackage;</command>.
265: </para>
266: </listitem>
267: </varlistentry>
268:
269: <varlistentry>
270: <term><option>-s</option></term>
271: <listitem>
272: <para>
273: Prints an error if the document is not standalone.
274: A document is standalone if it has no external subset and no
275: references to parameter entities.
276: </para>
277: </listitem>
278: </varlistentry>
279:
280: <varlistentry>
281: <term><option>-t</option></term>
282: <listitem>
283: <para>
284: Turns on timings. This tells Expat to parse the entire file,
285: but not perform any processing.
286: This gives a fairly accurate idea of the raw speed of Expat itself
287: without client overhead.
288: <option>-t</option> turns off most of the output options
289: (<option>-d</option>, <option>-m</option>, <option>-c</option>,
290: ...).
291: </para>
292: </listitem>
293: </varlistentry>
294:
295: <varlistentry>
296: <term><option>-v</option></term>
297: <listitem>
298: <para>
299: Prints the version of the Expat library being used, including some
300: information on the compile-time configuration of the library, and
301: then exits.
302: </para>
303: </listitem>
304: </varlistentry>
305:
306: <varlistentry>
307: <term><option>-w</option></term>
308: <listitem>
309: <para>
310: Enables support for Windows code pages.
311: Normally, <command>&dhpackage;</command> will throw an error if it
312: runs across an encoding that it is not equipped to handle itself. With
313: <option>-w</option>, &dhpackage; will try to use a Windows code
314: page. See also <option>-e</option>.
315: </para>
316: </listitem>
317: </varlistentry>
318:
319: <varlistentry>
320: <term><option>-x</option></term>
321: <listitem>
322: <para>
323: Turns on parsing external entities.
324: </para>
325: <para>
326: Non-validating parsers are not required to resolve external
327: entities, or even expand entities at all.
328: Expat always expands internal entities (?),
329: but external entity parsing must be enabled explicitly.
330: </para>
331: <para>
332: External entities are simply entities that obtain their
333: data from outside the XML file currently being parsed.
334: </para>
335: <para>
336: This is an example of an internal entity:
337: <literallayout>
338: <!ENTITY vers '1.0.2'>
339: </literallayout>
340: </para>
341: <para>
342: And here are some examples of external entities:
343:
344: <literallayout>
345: <!ENTITY header SYSTEM "header-&vers;.xml"> (parsed)
346: <!ENTITY logo SYSTEM "logo.png" PNG> (unparsed)
347: </literallayout>
348:
349: </para>
350: </listitem>
351: </varlistentry>
352:
353: <varlistentry>
354: <term><option>--</option></term>
355: <listitem>
356: <para>
357: (Two hyphens.)
358: Terminates the list of options. This is only needed if a filename
359: starts with a hyphen. For example:
360: </para>
361: <literallayout>
362: &dhpackage; -- -myfile.xml
363: </literallayout>
364: <para>
365: will run <command>&dhpackage;</command> on the file
366: <filename>-myfile.xml</filename>.
367: </para>
368: </listitem>
369: </varlistentry>
370: </variablelist>
371:
372: <para>
373: Older versions of <command>&dhpackage;</command> do not support
374: reading from standard input.
375: </para>
376: </refsect1>
377:
378: <refsect1>
379: <title>OUTPUT</title>
380: <para>
381: If an input file is not well-formed,
382: <command>&dhpackage;</command> prints a single line describing
383: the problem to standard output. If a file is well formed,
384: <command>&dhpackage;</command> outputs nothing.
385: Note that the result code is <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.
386: </para>
387: </refsect1>
388:
389: <refsect1>
390: <title>BUGS</title>
391: <para>
392: <command>&dhpackage;</command> returns a 0 - noerr result,
393: even if the file is not well-formed. There is no good way for
394: a program to use <command>&dhpackage;</command> to quickly
395: check a file -- it must parse <command>&dhpackage;</command>'s
396: standard output.
397: </para>
398: <para>
399: The errors should go to standard error, not standard output.
400: </para>
401: <para>
402: There should be a way to get <option>-d</option> to send its
403: output to standard output rather than forcing the user to send
404: it to a file.
405: </para>
406: <para>
407: I have no idea why anyone would want to use the
408: <option>-d</option>, <option>-c</option>, and
409: <option>-m</option> options. If someone could explain it to
410: me, I'd like to add this information to this manpage.
411: </para>
412: </refsect1>
413:
414: <refsect1>
415: <title>ALTERNATIVES</title>
416: <para>
417: Here are some XML validators on the web:
418:
419: <literallayout>
420: http://www.hcrc.ed.ac.uk/~richard/xml-check.html
421: http://www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlvalid/
422: http://www.scripting.com/frontier5/xml/code/xmlValidator.html
423: http://www.xml.com/pub/a/tools/ruwf/check.html
424: </literallayout>
425:
426: </para>
427: </refsect1>
428:
429: <refsect1>
430: <title>SEE ALSO</title>
431: <para>
432:
433: <literallayout>
434: The Expat home page: http://www.libexpat.org/
435: The W3 XML specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
436: </literallayout>
437:
438: </para>
439: </refsect1>
440:
441: <refsect1>
442: <title>AUTHOR</title>
443: <para>
444: This manual page was written by &dhusername; &dhemail; for
445: the &debian; system (but may be used by others). Permission is
446: granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
447: the terms of the <acronym>GNU</acronym> Free Documentation
448: License, Version 1.1.
449: </para>
450: </refsect1>
451: </refentry>
452:
453: <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
454: Local variables:
455: mode: sgml
456: sgml-omittag:t
457: sgml-shorttag:t
458: sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
459: sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
460: sgml-indent-step:2
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462: sgml-parent-document:nil
463: sgml-default-dtd-file:nil
464: sgml-exposed-tags:nil
465: sgml-local-catalogs:nil
466: sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
467: End:
468: -->
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