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version 1.1.1.2, 2012/02/21 23:50:25	version 1.1.1.4, 2013/07/22 08:25:57
Line 17 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.	Line 17 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">PCRE NATIVE API STRING EXTRACTION FUNCTIONS</a>	<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">PCRE NATIVE API STRING EXTRACTION FUNCTIONS</a>
<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">PCRE NATIVE API AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS</a>	<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">PCRE NATIVE API AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS</a>
<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">PCRE NATIVE API INDIRECTED FUNCTIONS</a>	<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">PCRE NATIVE API INDIRECTED FUNCTIONS</a>
<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">PCRE 8-BIT AND 16-BIT LIBRARIES</a>	<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">PCRE 8-BIT, 16-BIT, AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a>
<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">PCRE API OVERVIEW</a>	<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">PCRE API OVERVIEW</a>
<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">NEWLINES</a>	<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">NEWLINES</a>
<li><a name="TOC8" href="#SEC8">MULTITHREADING</a>	<li><a name="TOC8" href="#SEC8">MULTITHREADING</a>
Line 116 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.	Line 116 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">PCRE NATIVE API AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">PCRE NATIVE API AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS</a><br>
<P>	<P>
	<b>int pcre_jit_exec(const pcre <i>code</i>, const pcre_extra <i>extra</i>,</b>
	<b>const char *<i>subject</i>, int <i>length</i>, int <i>startoffset</i>,</b>
	<b>int <i>options</i>, int *<i>ovector</i>, int <i>ovecsize</i>,</b>
	<b>pcre_jit_stack *<i>jstack</i>);</b>
	</P>
	<P>
<b>pcre_jit_stack *pcre_jit_stack_alloc(int <i>startsize</i>, int <i>maxsize</i>);</b>	<b>pcre_jit_stack *pcre_jit_stack_alloc(int <i>startsize</i>, int <i>maxsize</i>);</b>
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Line 161 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.	Line 167 man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
<P>	<P>
<b>int (pcre_callout)(pcre_callout_block );</b>	<b>int (pcre_callout)(pcre_callout_block );</b>
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">PCRE 8-BIT AND 16-BIT LIBRARIES</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">PCRE 8-BIT, 16-BIT, AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a><br>
<P>	<P>
From release 8.30, PCRE can be compiled as a library for handling 16-bit	As well as support for 8-bit character strings, PCRE also supports 16-bit
character strings as well as, or instead of, the original library that handles	strings (from release 8.30) and 32-bit strings (from release 8.32), by means of
8-bit character strings. To avoid too much complication, this document	two additional libraries. They can be built as well as, or instead of, the
describes the 8-bit versions of the functions, with only occasional references	8-bit library. To avoid too much complication, this document describes the
to the 16-bit library.	8-bit versions of the functions, with only occasional references to the 16-bit
	and 32-bit libraries.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The 16-bit functions operate in the same way as their 8-bit counterparts; they	The 16-bit and 32-bit functions operate in the same way as their 8-bit
just use different data types for their arguments and results, and their names	counterparts; they just use different data types for their arguments and
start with <b>pcre16_</b> instead of <b>pcre_</b>. For every option that has UTF8	results, and their names start with <b>pcre16_</b> or <b>pcre32_</b> instead of
in its name (for example, PCRE_UTF8), there is a corresponding 16-bit name with	<b>pcre_</b>. For every option that has UTF8 in its name (for example,
UTF8 replaced by UTF16. This facility is in fact just cosmetic; the 16-bit	PCRE_UTF8), there are corresponding 16-bit and 32-bit names with UTF8 replaced
option names define the same bit values.	by UTF16 or UTF32, respectively. This facility is in fact just cosmetic; the
	16-bit and 32-bit option names define the same bit values.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
References to bytes and UTF-8 in this document should be read as references to	References to bytes and UTF-8 in this document should be read as references to
16-bit data quantities and UTF-16 when using the 16-bit library, unless	16-bit data units and UTF-16 when using the 16-bit library, or 32-bit data
specified otherwise. More details of the specific differences for the 16-bit	units and UTF-32 when using the 32-bit library, unless specified otherwise.
library are given in the	More details of the specific differences for the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries
	are given in the
<a href="pcre16.html"><b>pcre16</b></a>	<a href="pcre16.html"><b>pcre16</b></a>
page.	and
	<a href="pcre32.html"><b>pcre32</b></a>
	pages.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">PCRE API OVERVIEW</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">PCRE API OVERVIEW</a><br>
<P>	<P>
Line 233 used if available, by setting an option that is ignore	Line 244 used if available, by setting an option that is ignore
relevant. More complicated programs might need to make use of the functions	relevant. More complicated programs might need to make use of the functions
<b>pcre_jit_stack_alloc()</b>, <b>pcre_jit_stack_free()</b>, and	<b>pcre_jit_stack_alloc()</b>, <b>pcre_jit_stack_free()</b>, and
<b>pcre_assign_jit_stack()</b> in order to control the JIT code's memory usage.	<b>pcre_assign_jit_stack()</b> in order to control the JIT code's memory usage.
These functions are discussed in the	</P>
	<P>
	From release 8.32 there is also a direct interface for JIT execution, which
	gives improved performance. The JIT-specific functions are discussed in the
<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>	<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>
documentation.	documentation.
</P>	</P>
Line 317 PCRE supports five different conventions for indicatin	Line 331 PCRE supports five different conventions for indicatin
strings: a single CR (carriage return) character, a single LF (linefeed)	strings: a single CR (carriage return) character, a single LF (linefeed)
character, the two-character sequence CRLF, any of the three preceding, or any	character, the two-character sequence CRLF, any of the three preceding, or any
Unicode newline sequence. The Unicode newline sequences are the three just	Unicode newline sequence. The Unicode newline sequences are the three just
mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (formfeed,	mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form feed,
U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS	U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS
(paragraph separator, U+2029).	(paragraph separator, U+2029).
</P>	</P>
Line 398 not recognized. The following information is available	Line 412 not recognized. The following information is available
PCRE_CONFIG_UTF8	PCRE_CONFIG_UTF8
</pre>	</pre>
The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-8 support is available;	The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-8 support is available;
otherwise it is set to zero. If this option is given to the 16-bit version of	otherwise it is set to zero. This value should normally be given to the 8-bit
this function, <b>pcre16_config()</b>, the result is PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION.	version of this function, <b>pcre_config()</b>. If it is given to the 16-bit
	or 32-bit version of this function, the result is PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_CONFIG_UTF16	PCRE_CONFIG_UTF16
</pre>	</pre>
The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-16 support is available;	The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-16 support is available;
otherwise it is set to zero. This value should normally be given to the 16-bit	otherwise it is set to zero. This value should normally be given to the 16-bit
version of this function, <b>pcre16_config()</b>. If it is given to the 8-bit	version of this function, <b>pcre16_config()</b>. If it is given to the 8-bit
version of this function, the result is PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION.	or 32-bit version of this function, the result is PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION.
<pre>	<pre>
	PCRE_CONFIG_UTF32
	</pre>
	The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-32 support is available;
	otherwise it is set to zero. This value should normally be given to the 32-bit
	version of this function, <b>pcre32_config()</b>. If it is given to the 8-bit
	or 16-bit version of this function, the result is PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION.
	<pre>
PCRE_CONFIG_UNICODE_PROPERTIES	PCRE_CONFIG_UNICODE_PROPERTIES
</pre>	</pre>
The output is an integer that is set to one if support for Unicode character	The output is an integer that is set to one if support for Unicode character
Line 428 unaligned)". If JIT support is not available, the resu	Line 450 unaligned)". If JIT support is not available, the resu
PCRE_CONFIG_NEWLINE	PCRE_CONFIG_NEWLINE
</pre>	</pre>
The output is an integer whose value specifies the default character sequence	The output is an integer whose value specifies the default character sequence
that is recognized as meaning "newline". The four values that are supported	that is recognized as meaning "newline". The values that are supported in
are: 10 for LF, 13 for CR, 3338 for CRLF, -2 for ANYCRLF, and -1 for ANY.	ASCII/Unicode environments are: 10 for LF, 13 for CR, 3338 for CRLF, -2 for
Though they are derived from ASCII, the same values are returned in EBCDIC	ANYCRLF, and -1 for ANY. In EBCDIC environments, CR, ANYCRLF, and ANY yield the
environments. The default should normally correspond to the standard sequence	same values. However, the value for LF is normally 21, though some EBCDIC
for your operating system.	environments use 37. The corresponding values for CRLF are 3349 and 3365. The
	default should normally correspond to the standard sequence for your operating
	system.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_CONFIG_BSR	PCRE_CONFIG_BSR
</pre>	</pre>
Line 446 or CRLF. The default can be overridden when a pattern	Line 470 or CRLF. The default can be overridden when a pattern
The output is an integer that contains the number of bytes used for internal	The output is an integer that contains the number of bytes used for internal
linkage in compiled regular expressions. For the 8-bit library, the value can	linkage in compiled regular expressions. For the 8-bit library, the value can
be 2, 3, or 4. For the 16-bit library, the value is either 2 or 4 and is still	be 2, 3, or 4. For the 16-bit library, the value is either 2 or 4 and is still
a number of bytes. The default value of 2 is sufficient for all but the most	a number of bytes. For the 32-bit library, the value is either 2 or 4 and is
massive patterns, since it allows the compiled pattern to be up to 64K in size.	still a number of bytes. The default value of 2 is sufficient for all but the
Larger values allow larger regular expressions to be compiled, at the expense	most massive patterns, since it allows the compiled pattern to be up to 64K in
of slower matching.	size. Larger values allow larger regular expressions to be compiled, at the
	expense of slower matching.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_CONFIG_POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD	PCRE_CONFIG_POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD
</pre>	</pre>
Line 524 documentation). For those options that can be differen	Line 549 documentation). For those options that can be differen
the pattern, the contents of the <i>options</i> argument specifies their	the pattern, the contents of the <i>options</i> argument specifies their
settings at the start of compilation and execution. The PCRE_ANCHORED,	settings at the start of compilation and execution. The PCRE_ANCHORED,
PCRE_BSR_<i>xxx</i>, PCRE_NEWLINE_<i>xxx</i>, PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, and	PCRE_BSR_<i>xxx</i>, PCRE_NEWLINE_<i>xxx</i>, PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, and
PCRE_NO_START_OPT options can be set at the time of matching as well as at	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE options can be set at the time of matching as well as at
compile time.	compile time.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Line 533 Otherwise, if compilation of a pattern fails, <b>pcre_	Line 558 Otherwise, if compilation of a pattern fails, <b>pcre_
NULL, and sets the variable pointed to by <i>errptr</i> to point to a textual	NULL, and sets the variable pointed to by <i>errptr</i> to point to a textual
error message. This is a static string that is part of the library. You must	error message. This is a static string that is part of the library. You must
not try to free it. Normally, the offset from the start of the pattern to the	not try to free it. Normally, the offset from the start of the pattern to the
byte that was being processed when the error was discovered is placed in the	data unit that was being processed when the error was discovered is placed in
variable pointed to by <i>erroffset</i>, which must not be NULL (if it is, an	the variable pointed to by <i>erroffset</i>, which must not be NULL (if it is,
immediate error is given). However, for an invalid UTF-8 string, the offset is	an immediate error is given). However, for an invalid UTF-8 or UTF-16 string,
that of the first byte of the failing character.	the offset is that of the first data unit of the failing character.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; in these	Some errors are not detected until the whole pattern has been scanned; in these
cases, the offset passed back is the length of the pattern. Note that the	cases, the offset passed back is the length of the pattern. Note that the
offset is in bytes, not characters, even in UTF-8 mode. It may sometimes point	offset is in data units, not characters, even in a UTF mode. It may sometimes
into the middle of a UTF-8 character.	point into the middle of a UTF-8 or UTF-16 character.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
If <b>pcre_compile2()</b> is used instead of <b>pcre_compile()</b>, and the	If <b>pcre_compile2()</b> is used instead of <b>pcre_compile()</b>, and the
Line 641 documentation.	Line 666 documentation.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_EXTENDED	PCRE_EXTENDED
</pre>	</pre>
If this bit is set, whitespace data characters in the pattern are totally	If this bit is set, white space data characters in the pattern are totally
ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. Whitespace does not	ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. White space does not
include the VT character (code 11). In addition, characters between an	include the VT character (code 11). In addition, characters between an
unescaped # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are also	unescaped # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are also
ignored. This is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a	ignored. This is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a
Line 659 happen to represent a newline do not count.	Line 684 happen to represent a newline do not count.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
This option makes it possible to include comments inside complicated patterns.	This option makes it possible to include comments inside complicated patterns.
Note, however, that this applies only to data characters. Whitespace characters	Note, however, that this applies only to data characters. White space characters
may never appear within special character sequences in a pattern, for example	may never appear within special character sequences in a pattern, for example
within the sequence (?( that introduces a conditional subpattern.	within the sequence (?( that introduces a conditional subpattern.
<pre>	<pre>
Line 716 binary zero character followed by z).	Line 741 binary zero character followed by z).
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_MULTILINE	PCRE_MULTILINE
</pre>	</pre>
By default, PCRE treats the subject string as consisting of a single line of	By default, for the purposes of matching "start of line" and "end of line",
characters (even if it actually contains newlines). The "start of line"	PCRE treats the subject string as consisting of a single line of characters,
metacharacter (^) matches only at the start of the string, while the "end of	even if it actually contains newlines. The "start of line" metacharacter (^)
line" metacharacter ($) matches only at the end of the string, or before a	matches only at the start of the string, and the "end of line" metacharacter
terminating newline (unless PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set). This is the same as	($) matches only at the end of the string, or before a terminating newline
Perl.	(except when PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set). Note, however, that unless
	PCRE_DOTALL is set, the "any character" metacharacter (.) does not match at a
	newline. This behaviour (for ^, $, and dot) is the same as Perl.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
When PCRE_MULTILINE it is set, the "start of line" and "end of line" constructs	When PCRE_MULTILINE it is set, the "start of line" and "end of line" constructs
Line 731 equivalent to Perl's /m option, and it can be changed	Line 758 equivalent to Perl's /m option, and it can be changed
(?m) option setting. If there are no newlines in a subject string, or no	(?m) option setting. If there are no newlines in a subject string, or no
occurrences of ^ or $ in a pattern, setting PCRE_MULTILINE has no effect.	occurrences of ^ or $ in a pattern, setting PCRE_MULTILINE has no effect.
<pre>	<pre>
	PCRE_NEVER_UTF
	</pre>
	This option locks out interpretation of the pattern as UTF-8 (or UTF-16 or
	UTF-32 in the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries). In particular, it prevents the
	creator of the pattern from switching to UTF interpretation by starting the
	pattern with (*UTF). This may be useful in applications that process patterns
	from external sources. The combination of PCRE_UTF8 and PCRE_NEVER_UTF also
	causes an error.
	<pre>
PCRE_NEWLINE_CR	PCRE_NEWLINE_CR
PCRE_NEWLINE_LF	PCRE_NEWLINE_LF
PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF	PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF
Line 743 indicated by a single character (CR or LF, respectivel	Line 779 indicated by a single character (CR or LF, respectivel
PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF specifies that a newline is indicated by the two-character	PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF specifies that a newline is indicated by the two-character
CRLF sequence. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF specifies that any of the three	CRLF sequence. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF specifies that any of the three
preceding sequences should be recognized. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY specifies	preceding sequences should be recognized. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY specifies
that any Unicode newline sequence should be recognized. The Unicode newline	that any Unicode newline sequence should be recognized.
sequences are the three just mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical
tab, U+000B), FF (formfeed, U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line
separator, U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). For the 8-bit
library, the last two are recognized only in UTF-8 mode.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
	In an ASCII/Unicode environment, the Unicode newline sequences are the three
	just mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (form
	feed, U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS
	(paragraph separator, U+2029). For the 8-bit library, the last two are
	recognized only in UTF-8 mode.
	</P>
	<P>
	When PCRE is compiled to run in an EBCDIC (mainframe) environment, the code for
	CR is 0x0d, the same as ASCII. However, the character code for LF is normally
	0x15, though in some EBCDIC environments 0x25 is used. Whichever of these is
	not LF is made to correspond to Unicode's NEL character. EBCDIC codes are all
	less than 256. For more details, see the
	<a href="pcrebuild.html"><b>pcrebuild</b></a>
	documentation.
	</P>
	<P>
The newline setting in the options word uses three bits that are treated	The newline setting in the options word uses three bits that are treated
as a number, giving eight possibilities. Currently only six are used (default	as a number, giving eight possibilities. Currently only six are used (default
plus the five values above). This means that if you set more than one newline	plus the five values above). This means that if you set more than one newline
Line 759 other combinations may yield unused numbers and cause	Line 807 other combinations may yield unused numbers and cause
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The only time that a line break in a pattern is specially recognized when	The only time that a line break in a pattern is specially recognized when
compiling is when PCRE_EXTENDED is set. CR and LF are whitespace characters,	compiling is when PCRE_EXTENDED is set. CR and LF are white space characters,
and so are ignored in this mode. Also, an unescaped # outside a character class	and so are ignored in this mode. Also, an unescaped # outside a character class
indicates a comment that lasts until after the next line break sequence. In	indicates a comment that lasts until after the next line break sequence. In
other circumstances, line break sequences in patterns are treated as literal	other circumstances, line break sequences in patterns are treated as literal
Line 777 were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still be	Line 825 were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still be
they acquire numbers in the usual way). There is no equivalent of this option	they acquire numbers in the usual way). There is no equivalent of this option
in Perl.	in Perl.
<pre>	<pre>
NO_START_OPTIMIZE	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
</pre>	</pre>
This is an option that acts at matching time; that is, it is really an option	This is an option that acts at matching time; that is, it is really an option
for <b>pcre_exec()</b> or <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>. If it is set at compile time,	for <b>pcre_exec()</b> or <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>. If it is set at compile time,
it is remembered with the compiled pattern and assumed at matching time. For	it is remembered with the compiled pattern and assumed at matching time. This
details see the discussion of PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE	is necessary if you want to use JIT execution, because the JIT compiler needs
	to know whether or not this option is set. For details see the discussion of
	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
<a href="#execoptions">below.</a>	<a href="#execoptions">below.</a>
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_UCP	PCRE_UCP
Line 816 page.	Line 866 page.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK	PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK
</pre>	</pre>
When PCRE_UTF8 is set, the validity of the pattern as a UTF-8	When PCRE_UTF8 is set, the validity of the pattern as a UTF-8 string is
string is automatically checked. There is a discussion about the	automatically checked. There is a discussion about the
<a href="pcreunicode.html#utf8strings">validity of UTF-8 strings</a>	<a href="pcreunicode.html#utf8strings">validity of UTF-8 strings</a>
in the	in the
<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a>	<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a>
Line 827 this check for performance reasons, you can set the PC	Line 877 this check for performance reasons, you can set the PC
When it is set, the effect of passing an invalid UTF-8 string as a pattern is	When it is set, the effect of passing an invalid UTF-8 string as a pattern is
undefined. It may cause your program to crash. Note that this option can also	undefined. It may cause your program to crash. Note that this option can also
be passed to <b>pcre_exec()</b> and <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>, to suppress the	be passed to <b>pcre_exec()</b> and <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>, to suppress the
validity checking of subject strings.	validity checking of subject strings only. If the same string is being matched
	many times, the option can be safely set for the second and subsequent
	matchings to improve performance.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC12" href="#TOC1">COMPILATION ERROR CODES</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC12" href="#TOC1">COMPILATION ERROR CODES</a><br>
<P>	<P>
The following table lists the error codes than may be returned by	The following table lists the error codes than may be returned by
<b>pcre_compile2()</b>, along with the error messages that may be returned by	<b>pcre_compile2()</b>, along with the error messages that may be returned by
both compiling functions. Note that error messages are always 8-bit ASCII	both compiling functions. Note that error messages are always 8-bit ASCII
strings, even in 16-bit mode. As PCRE has developed, some error codes have	strings, even in 16-bit or 32-bit mode. As PCRE has developed, some error codes
fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not been re-used.	have fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not been re-used.
<pre>	<pre>
0 no error	0 no error
1 \ at end of pattern	1 \ at end of pattern
Line 899 fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not b	Line 951 fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not b
name/number or by a plain number	name/number or by a plain number
58 a numbered reference must not be zero	58 a numbered reference must not be zero
59 an argument is not allowed for (ACCEPT), (FAIL), or (*COMMIT)	59 an argument is not allowed for (ACCEPT), (FAIL), or (*COMMIT)
60 (*VERB) not recognized	60 (*VERB) not recognized or malformed
61 number is too big	61 number is too big
62 subpattern name expected	62 subpattern name expected
63 digit expected after (?+	63 digit expected after (?+
Line 916 fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not b	Line 968 fallen out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not b
72 too many forward references	72 too many forward references
73 disallowed Unicode code point (>= 0xd800 && <= 0xdfff)	73 disallowed Unicode code point (>= 0xd800 && <= 0xdfff)
74 invalid UTF-16 string (specifically UTF-16)	74 invalid UTF-16 string (specifically UTF-16)
	75 name is too long in (MARK), (PRUNE), (SKIP), or (THEN)
	76 character value in \u.... sequence is too large
	77 invalid UTF-32 string (specifically UTF-32)
</pre>	</pre>
The numbers 32 and 10000 in errors 48 and 49 are defaults; different values may	The numbers 32 and 10000 in errors 48 and 49 are defaults; different values may
be used if the limits were changed when PCRE was built.	be used if the limits were changed when PCRE was built.
Line 944 in the section on matching a pattern.	Line 999 in the section on matching a pattern.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
If studying the pattern does not produce any useful information,	If studying the pattern does not produce any useful information,
<b>pcre_study()</b> returns NULL. In that circumstance, if the calling program	<b>pcre_study()</b> returns NULL by default. In that circumstance, if the
wants to pass any of the other fields to <b>pcre_exec()</b> or	calling program wants to pass any of the other fields to <b>pcre_exec()</b> or
<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>, it must set up its own <b>pcre_extra</b> block.	<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>, it must set up its own <b>pcre_extra</b> block. However,
	if <b>pcre_study()</b> is called with the PCRE_STUDY_EXTRA_NEEDED option, it
	returns a <b>pcre_extra</b> block even if studying did not find any additional
	information. It may still return NULL, however, if an error occurs in
	<b>pcre_study()</b>.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The second argument of <b>pcre_study()</b> contains option bits. There is only	The second argument of <b>pcre_study()</b> contains option bits. There are three
one option: PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE. If this is set, and the just-in-time	further options in addition to PCRE_STUDY_EXTRA_NEEDED:
compiler is available, the pattern is further compiled into machine code that	<pre>
executes much faster than the <b>pcre_exec()</b> matching function. If	PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE
the just-in-time compiler is not available, this option is ignored. All other	PCRE_STUDY_JIT_PARTIAL_HARD_COMPILE
bits in the <i>options</i> argument must be zero.	PCRE_STUDY_JIT_PARTIAL_SOFT_COMPILE
	</pre>
	If any of these are set, and the just-in-time compiler is available, the
	pattern is further compiled into machine code that executes much faster than
	the <b>pcre_exec()</b> interpretive matching function. If the just-in-time
	compiler is not available, these options are ignored. All undefined bits in the
	<i>options</i> argument must be zero.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
JIT compilation is a heavyweight optimization. It can take some time for	JIT compilation is a heavyweight optimization. It can take some time for
Line 979 When you are finished with a pattern, you can free the	Line 1044 When you are finished with a pattern, you can free the
study data by calling <b>pcre_free_study()</b>. This function was added to the	study data by calling <b>pcre_free_study()</b>. This function was added to the
API for release 8.20. For earlier versions, the memory could be freed with	API for release 8.20. For earlier versions, the memory could be freed with
<b>pcre_free()</b>, just like the pattern itself. This will still work in cases	<b>pcre_free()</b>, just like the pattern itself. This will still work in cases
where PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE is not used, but it is advisable to change to the	where JIT optimization is not used, but it is advisable to change to the new
new function when convenient.	function when convenient.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
This is a typical way in which <b>pcre_study</b>() is used (except that in a	This is a typical way in which <b>pcre_study</b>() is used (except that in a
Line 1003 real application there should be tests for errors):	Line 1068 real application there should be tests for errors):
Studying a pattern does two things: first, a lower bound for the length of	Studying a pattern does two things: first, a lower bound for the length of
subject string that is needed to match the pattern is computed. This does not	subject string that is needed to match the pattern is computed. This does not
mean that there are any strings of that length that match, but it does	mean that there are any strings of that length that match, but it does
guarantee that no shorter strings match. The value is used by	guarantee that no shorter strings match. The value is used to avoid wasting
<b>pcre_exec()</b> and <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b> to avoid wasting time by trying to	time by trying to match strings that are shorter than the lower bound. You can
match strings that are shorter than the lower bound. You can find out the value	find out the value in a calling program via the <b>pcre_fullinfo()</b> function.
in a calling program via the <b>pcre_fullinfo()</b> function.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Studying a pattern is also useful for non-anchored patterns that do not have a	Studying a pattern is also useful for non-anchored patterns that do not have a
single fixed starting character. A bitmap of possible starting bytes is	single fixed starting character. A bitmap of possible starting bytes is
created. This speeds up finding a position in the subject at which to start	created. This speeds up finding a position in the subject at which to start
matching. (In 16-bit mode, the bitmap is used for 16-bit values less than 256.)	matching. (In 16-bit mode, the bitmap is used for 16-bit values less than 256.
	In 32-bit mode, the bitmap is used for 32-bit values less than 256.)
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
These two optimizations apply to both <b>pcre_exec()</b> and	These two optimizations apply to both <b>pcre_exec()</b> and
<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>. However, they are not used by <b>pcre_exec()</b> if	<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>, and the information is also used by the JIT compiler.
<b>pcre_study()</b> is called with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option, and	The optimizations can be disabled by setting the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option.
just-in-time compiling is successful. The optimizations can be disabled by	You might want to do this if your pattern contains callouts or (*MARK) and you
setting the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option when calling <b>pcre_exec()</b> or	want to make use of these facilities in cases where matching fails.
<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b>. You might want to do this if your pattern contains	</P>
callouts or (*MARK) (which cannot be handled by the JIT compiler), and you want	<P>
to make use of these facilities in cases where matching fails. See the	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE can be specified at either compile time or execution
discussion of PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE	time. However, if PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE is passed to <b>pcre_exec()</b>, (that
	is, after any JIT compilation has happened) JIT execution is disabled. For JIT
	execution to work with PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE, the option must be set at
	compile time.
	</P>
	<P>
	There is a longer discussion of PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
<a href="#execoptions">below.</a>	<a href="#execoptions">below.</a>
<a name="localesupport"></a></P>	<a name="localesupport"></a></P>
<br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">LOCALE SUPPORT</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">LOCALE SUPPORT</a><br>
Line 1112 the following negative numbers:	Line 1183 the following negative numbers:
PCRE_ERROR_BADENDIANNESS the pattern was compiled with different	PCRE_ERROR_BADENDIANNESS the pattern was compiled with different
endianness	endianness
PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION the value of <i>what</i> was invalid	PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION the value of <i>what</i> was invalid
	PCRE_ERROR_UNSET the requested field is not set
</pre>	</pre>
The "magic number" is placed at the start of each compiled pattern as an simple	The "magic number" is placed at the start of each compiled pattern as an simple
check against passing an arbitrary memory pointer. The endianness error can	check against passing an arbitrary memory pointer. The endianness error can
Line 1159 variable.	Line 1231 variable.
<P>	<P>
If there is a fixed first value, for example, the letter "c" from a pattern	If there is a fixed first value, for example, the letter "c" from a pattern
such as (cat\|cow\|coyote), its value is returned. In the 8-bit library, the	such as (cat\|cow\|coyote), its value is returned. In the 8-bit library, the
value is always less than 256; in the 16-bit library the value can be up to	value is always less than 256. In the 16-bit library the value can be up to
0xffff.	0xffff. In the 32-bit library the value can be up to 0x10ffff.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
If there is no fixed first value, and if either	If there is no fixed first value, and if either
Line 1177 starts with "^", or	Line 1249 starts with "^", or
-1 is returned, indicating that the pattern matches only at the start of a	-1 is returned, indicating that the pattern matches only at the start of a
subject string or after any newline within the string. Otherwise -2 is	subject string or after any newline within the string. Otherwise -2 is
returned. For anchored patterns, -2 is returned.	returned. For anchored patterns, -2 is returned.
	</P>
	<P>
	Since for the 32-bit library using the non-UTF-32 mode, this function is unable
	to return the full 32-bit range of the character, this value is deprecated;
	instead the PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTERFLAGS and PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTER values
	should be used.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_FIRSTTABLE	PCRE_INFO_FIRSTTABLE
</pre>	</pre>
Line 1199 Return 1 if the (?J) or (?-J) option setting is used i	Line 1277 Return 1 if the (?J) or (?-J) option setting is used i
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_JIT	PCRE_INFO_JIT
</pre>	</pre>
Return 1 if the pattern was studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option, and	Return 1 if the pattern was studied with one of the JIT options, and
just-in-time compiling was successful. The fourth argument should point to an	just-in-time compiling was successful. The fourth argument should point to an
<b>int</b> variable. A return value of 0 means that JIT support is not available	<b>int</b> variable. A return value of 0 means that JIT support is not available
in this version of PCRE, or that the pattern was not studied with the	in this version of PCRE, or that the pattern was not studied with a JIT option,
PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option, or that the JIT compiler could not handle this	or that the JIT compiler could not handle this particular pattern. See the
particular pattern. See the
<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>	<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>
documentation for details of what can and cannot be handled.	documentation for details of what can and cannot be handled.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_JITSIZE	PCRE_INFO_JITSIZE
</pre>	</pre>
If the pattern was successfully studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option,	If the pattern was successfully studied with a JIT option, return the size of
return the size of the JIT compiled code, otherwise return zero. The fourth	the JIT compiled code, otherwise return zero. The fourth argument should point
argument should point to a <b>size_t</b> variable.	to a <b>size_t</b> variable.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_LASTLITERAL	PCRE_INFO_LASTLITERAL
</pre>	</pre>
Line 1223 value, -1 is returned. For anchored patterns, a last l	Line 1300 value, -1 is returned. For anchored patterns, a last l
only if it follows something of variable length. For example, for the pattern	only if it follows something of variable length. For example, for the pattern
/^a\d+z\d+/ the returned value is "z", but for /^a\dz\d/ the returned value	/^a\d+z\d+/ the returned value is "z", but for /^a\dz\d/ the returned value
is -1.	is -1.
	</P>
	<P>
	Since for the 32-bit library using the non-UTF-32 mode, this function is unable
	to return the full 32-bit range of the character, this value is deprecated;
	instead the PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHARFLAGS and PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHAR values should
	be used.
<pre>	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_MATCHLIMIT
	</pre>
	If the pattern set a match limit by including an item of the form
	(*LIMIT_MATCH=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The fourth argument
	should point to an unsigned 32-bit integer. If no such value has been set, the
	call to <b>pcre_fullinfo()</b> returns the error PCRE_ERROR_UNSET.
	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_MAXLOOKBEHIND
	</pre>
	Return the number of characters (NB not data units) in the longest lookbehind
	assertion in the pattern. This information is useful when doing multi-segment
	matching using the partial matching facilities. Note that the simple assertions
	\b and \B require a one-character lookbehind. \A also registers a
	one-character lookbehind, though it does not actually inspect the previous
	character. This is to ensure that at least one character from the old segment
	is retained when a new segment is processed. Otherwise, if there are no
	lookbehinds in the pattern, \A might match incorrectly at the start of a new
	segment.
	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_MINLENGTH	PCRE_INFO_MINLENGTH
</pre>	</pre>
If the pattern was studied and a minimum length for matching subject strings	If the pattern was studied and a minimum length for matching subject strings
was computed, its value is returned. Otherwise the returned value is -1. The	was computed, its value is returned. Otherwise the returned value is -1. The
value is a number of characters, which in UTF-8 mode may be different from the	value is a number of characters, which in UTF mode may be different from the
number of bytes. The fourth argument should point to an <b>int</b> variable. A	number of data units. The fourth argument should point to an <b>int</b>
non-negative value is a lower bound to the length of any matching string. There	variable. A non-negative value is a lower bound to the length of any matching
may not be any strings of that length that do actually match, but every string	string. There may not be any strings of that length that do actually match, but
that does match is at least that long.	every string that does match is at least that long.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT	PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT
PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE	PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE
Line 1256 length of the longest name. PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE return	Line 1358 length of the longest name. PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE return
entry of the table. This is a pointer to <b>char</b> in the 8-bit library, where	entry of the table. This is a pointer to <b>char</b> in the 8-bit library, where
the first two bytes of each entry are the number of the capturing parenthesis,	the first two bytes of each entry are the number of the capturing parenthesis,
most significant byte first. In the 16-bit library, the pointer points to	most significant byte first. In the 16-bit library, the pointer points to
16-bit data units, the first of which contains the parenthesis number. The rest	16-bit data units, the first of which contains the parenthesis number. In the
of the entry is the corresponding name, zero terminated.	32-bit library, the pointer points to 32-bit data units, the first of which
	contains the parenthesis number. The rest of the entry is the corresponding
	name, zero terminated.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The names are in alphabetical order. Duplicate names may appear if (?\| is used	The names are in alphabetical order. Duplicate names may appear if (?\| is used
Line 1322 alternatives begin with one of the following:	Line 1426 alternatives begin with one of the following:
For such patterns, the PCRE_ANCHORED bit is set in the options returned by	For such patterns, the PCRE_ANCHORED bit is set in the options returned by
<b>pcre_fullinfo()</b>.	<b>pcre_fullinfo()</b>.
<pre>	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_RECURSIONLIMIT
	</pre>
	If the pattern set a recursion limit by including an item of the form
	(*LIMIT_RECURSION=nnnn) at the start, the value is returned. The fourth
	argument should point to an unsigned 32-bit integer. If no such value has been
	set, the call to <b>pcre_fullinfo()</b> returns the error PCRE_ERROR_UNSET.
	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_SIZE	PCRE_INFO_SIZE
</pre>	</pre>
Return the size of the compiled pattern in bytes (for both libraries). The	Return the size of the compiled pattern in bytes (for all three libraries). The
fourth argument should point to a <b>size_t</b> variable. This value does not	fourth argument should point to a <b>size_t</b> variable. This value does not
include the size of the <b>pcre</b> structure that is returned by	include the size of the <b>pcre</b> structure that is returned by
<b>pcre_compile()</b>. The value that is passed as the argument to	<b>pcre_compile()</b>. The value that is passed as the argument to
Line 1335 does not alter the value returned by this option.	Line 1446 does not alter the value returned by this option.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE	PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE
</pre>	</pre>
Return the size in bytes of the data block pointed to by the <i>study_data</i>	Return the size in bytes (for all three libraries) of the data block pointed to
field in a <b>pcre_extra</b> block. If <b>pcre_extra</b> is NULL, or there is no	by the <i>study_data</i> field in a <b>pcre_extra</b> block. If <b>pcre_extra</b>
study data, zero is returned. The fourth argument should point to a	is NULL, or there is no study data, zero is returned. The fourth argument
<b>size_t</b> variable. The <i>study_data</i> field is set by <b>pcre_study()</b>	should point to a <b>size_t</b> variable. The <i>study_data</i> field is set by
to record information that will speed up matching (see the section entitled	<b>pcre_study()</b> to record information that will speed up matching (see the
	section entitled
<a href="#studyingapattern">"Studying a pattern"</a>	<a href="#studyingapattern">"Studying a pattern"</a>
above). The format of the <i>study_data</i> block is private, but its length	above). The format of the <i>study_data</i> block is private, but its length
is made available via this option so that it can be saved and restored (see the	is made available via this option so that it can be saved and restored (see the
<a href="pcreprecompile.html"><b>pcreprecompile</b></a>	<a href="pcreprecompile.html"><b>pcreprecompile</b></a>
documentation for details).	documentation for details).
	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTERFLAGS
	</pre>
	Return information about the first data unit of any matched string, for a
	non-anchored pattern. The fourth argument should point to an <b>int</b>
	variable.
</P>	</P>
	<P>
	If there is a fixed first value, for example, the letter "c" from a pattern
	such as (cat\|cow\|coyote), 1 is returned, and the character value can be
	retrieved using PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTER.
	</P>
	<P>
	If there is no fixed first value, and if either
	<br>
	<br>
	(a) the pattern was compiled with the PCRE_MULTILINE option, and every branch
	starts with "^", or
	<br>
	<br>
	(b) every branch of the pattern starts with ".*" and PCRE_DOTALL is not set
	(if it were set, the pattern would be anchored),
	<br>
	<br>
	2 is returned, indicating that the pattern matches only at the start of a
	subject string or after any newline within the string. Otherwise 0 is
	returned. For anchored patterns, 0 is returned.
	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTER
	</pre>
	Return the fixed first character value, if PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHARACTERFLAGS
	returned 1; otherwise returns 0. The fourth argument should point to an
	<b>uint_t</b> variable.
	</P>
	<P>
	In the 8-bit library, the value is always less than 256. In the 16-bit library
	the value can be up to 0xffff. In the 32-bit library in UTF-32 mode the value
	can be up to 0x10ffff, and up to 0xffffffff when not using UTF-32 mode.
	</P>
	<P>
	If there is no fixed first value, and if either
	<br>
	<br>
	(a) the pattern was compiled with the PCRE_MULTILINE option, and every branch
	starts with "^", or
	<br>
	<br>
	(b) every branch of the pattern starts with ".*" and PCRE_DOTALL is not set
	(if it were set, the pattern would be anchored),
	<br>
	<br>
	-1 is returned, indicating that the pattern matches only at the start of a
	subject string or after any newline within the string. Otherwise -2 is
	returned. For anchored patterns, -2 is returned.
	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHARFLAGS
	</pre>
	Returns 1 if there is a rightmost literal data unit that must exist in any
	matched string, other than at its start. The fourth argument should point to
	an <b>int</b> variable. If there is no such value, 0 is returned. If returning
	1, the character value itself can be retrieved using PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHAR.
	</P>
	<P>
	For anchored patterns, a last literal value is recorded only if it follows
	something of variable length. For example, for the pattern /^a\d+z\d+/ the
	returned value 1 (with "z" returned from PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHAR), but for
	/^a\dz\d/ the returned value is 0.
	<pre>
	PCRE_INFO_REQUIREDCHAR
	</pre>
	Return the value of the rightmost literal data unit that must exist in any
	matched string, other than at its start, if such a value has been recorded. The
	fourth argument should point to an <b>uint32_t</b> variable. If there is no such
	value, 0 is returned.
	</P>
<br><a name="SEC16" href="#TOC1">REFERENCE COUNTS</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC16" href="#TOC1">REFERENCE COUNTS</a><br>
<P>	<P>
<b>int pcre_refcount(pcre *<i>code</i>, int <i>adjust</i>);</b>	<b>int pcre_refcount(pcre *<i>code</i>, int <i>adjust</i>);</b>
Line 1437 fields (not necessarily in this order):	Line 1623 fields (not necessarily in this order):
</pre>	</pre>
In the 16-bit version of this structure, the <i>mark</i> field has type	In the 16-bit version of this structure, the <i>mark</i> field has type
"PCRE_UCHAR16 **".	"PCRE_UCHAR16 **".
	<br>
	<br>
	In the 32-bit version of this structure, the <i>mark</i> field has type
	"PCRE_UCHAR32 **".
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The <i>flags</i> field is a bitmap that specifies which of the other fields	The <i>flags</i> field is used to specify which of the other fields are set. The
are set. The flag bits are:	flag bits are:
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA	PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA
PCRE_EXTRA_EXECUTABLE_JIT	PCRE_EXTRA_EXECUTABLE_JIT
	PCRE_EXTRA_MARK
PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT	PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT
PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION	PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION
PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA	PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA
PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES	PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES
PCRE_EXTRA_MARK
</pre>	</pre>
Other flag bits should be set to zero. The <i>study_data</i> field and sometimes	Other flag bits should be set to zero. The <i>study_data</i> field and sometimes
the <i>executable_jit</i> field are set in the <b>pcre_extra</b> block that is	the <i>executable_jit</i> field are set in the <b>pcre_extra</b> block that is
returned by <b>pcre_study()</b>, together with the appropriate flag bits. You	returned by <b>pcre_study()</b>, together with the appropriate flag bits. You
should not set these yourself, but you may add to the block by setting the	should not set these yourself, but you may add to the block by setting other
other fields and their corresponding flag bits.	fields and their corresponding flag bits.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The <i>match_limit</i> field provides a means of preventing PCRE from using up a	The <i>match_limit</i> field provides a means of preventing PCRE from using up a
Line 1472 in the subject string.	Line 1662 in the subject string.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
When <b>pcre_exec()</b> is called with a pattern that was successfully studied	When <b>pcre_exec()</b> is called with a pattern that was successfully studied
with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option, the way that the matching is executed	with a JIT option, the way that the matching is executed is entirely different.
is entirely different. However, there is still the possibility of runaway	However, there is still the possibility of runaway matching that goes on for a
matching that goes on for a very long time, and so the <i>match_limit</i> value	very long time, and so the <i>match_limit</i> value is also used in this case
is also used in this case (but in a different way) to limit how long the	(but in a different way) to limit how long the matching can continue.
matching can continue.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The default value for the limit can be set when PCRE is built; the default	The default value for the limit can be set when PCRE is built; the default
Line 1487 the <i>flags</i> field. If the limit is exceeded, <b>p	Line 1676 the <i>flags</i> field. If the limit is exceeded, <b>p
PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT.	PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
	A value for the match limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of a
	pattern of the form
	<pre>
	(*LIMIT_MATCH=d)
	</pre>
	where d is a decimal number. However, such a setting is ignored unless d is
	less than the limit set by the caller of <b>pcre_exec()</b> or, if no such limit
	is set, less than the default.
	</P>
	<P>
The <i>match_limit_recursion</i> field is similar to <i>match_limit</i>, but	The <i>match_limit_recursion</i> field is similar to <i>match_limit</i>, but
instead of limiting the total number of times that <b>match()</b> is called, it	instead of limiting the total number of times that <b>match()</b> is called, it
limits the depth of recursion. The recursion depth is a smaller number than the	limits the depth of recursion. The recursion depth is a smaller number than the
Line 1497 This limit is of use only if it is set smaller than <i	Line 1696 This limit is of use only if it is set smaller than <i
Limiting the recursion depth limits the amount of machine stack that can be	Limiting the recursion depth limits the amount of machine stack that can be
used, or, when PCRE has been compiled to use memory on the heap instead of the	used, or, when PCRE has been compiled to use memory on the heap instead of the
stack, the amount of heap memory that can be used. This limit is not relevant,	stack, the amount of heap memory that can be used. This limit is not relevant,
and is ignored, if the pattern was successfully studied with	and is ignored, when matching is done using JIT compiled code.
PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The default value for <i>match_limit_recursion</i> can be set when PCRE is	The default value for <i>match_limit_recursion</i> can be set when PCRE is
Line 1509 PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION is set in the <i>flag	Line 1707 PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION is set in the <i>flag
is exceeded, <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns PCRE_ERROR_RECURSIONLIMIT.	is exceeded, <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns PCRE_ERROR_RECURSIONLIMIT.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
	A value for the recursion limit may also be supplied by an item at the start of
	a pattern of the form
	<pre>
	(*LIMIT_RECURSION=d)
	</pre>
	where d is a decimal number. However, such a setting is ignored unless d is
	less than the limit set by the caller of <b>pcre_exec()</b> or, if no such limit
	is set, less than the default.
	</P>
	<P>
The <i>callout_data</i> field is used in conjunction with the "callout" feature,	The <i>callout_data</i> field is used in conjunction with the "callout" feature,
and is described in the	and is described in the
<a href="pcrecallout.html"><b>pcrecallout</b></a>	<a href="pcrecallout.html"><b>pcrecallout</b></a>
Line 1549 Option bits for <b>pcre_exec()</b>	Line 1757 Option bits for <b>pcre_exec()</b>
The unused bits of the <i>options</i> argument for <b>pcre_exec()</b> must be	The unused bits of the <i>options</i> argument for <b>pcre_exec()</b> must be
zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE_ANCHORED, PCRE_NEWLINE_<i>xxx</i>,	zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE_ANCHORED, PCRE_NEWLINE_<i>xxx</i>,
PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART,	PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART,
PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE, PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT, and	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE, PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD, and
PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD.	PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
If the pattern was successfully studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option,	If the pattern was successfully studied with one of the just-in-time (JIT)
the only supported options for JIT execution are PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK,	compile options, the only supported options for JIT execution are
PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, and PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART. Note in	PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY,
particular that partial matching is not supported. If an unsupported option is	PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD, and PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT. If an
used, JIT execution is disabled and the normal interpretive code in	unsupported option is used, JIT execution is disabled and the normal
<b>pcre_exec()</b> is run.	interpretive code in <b>pcre_exec()</b> is run.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_ANCHORED	PCRE_ANCHORED
</pre>	</pre>
Line 1670 unanchored match must start with a specific character,	Line 1878 unanchored match must start with a specific character,
for that character, and fails immediately if it cannot find it, without	for that character, and fails immediately if it cannot find it, without
actually running the main matching function. This means that a special item	actually running the main matching function. This means that a special item
such as (*COMMIT) at the start of a pattern is not considered until after a	such as (*COMMIT) at the start of a pattern is not considered until after a
suitable starting point for the match has been found. When callouts or (*MARK)	suitable starting point for the match has been found. Also, when callouts or
items are in use, these "start-up" optimizations can cause them to be skipped	(*MARK) items are in use, these "start-up" optimizations can cause them to be
if the pattern is never actually used. The start-up optimizations are in effect	skipped if the pattern is never actually used. The start-up optimizations are
a pre-scan of the subject that takes place before the pattern is run.	in effect a pre-scan of the subject that takes place before the pattern is run.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option disables the start-up optimizations, possibly	The PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option disables the start-up optimizations, possibly
Line 1681 causing performance to suffer, but ensuring that in ca	Line 1889 causing performance to suffer, but ensuring that in ca
"no match", the callouts do occur, and that items such as (COMMIT) and (MARK)	"no match", the callouts do occur, and that items such as (COMMIT) and (MARK)
are considered at every possible starting position in the subject string. If	are considered at every possible starting position in the subject string. If
PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set at compile time, it cannot be unset at matching	PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE is set at compile time, it cannot be unset at matching
time.	time. The use of PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE at matching time (that is, passing it
	to <b>pcre_exec()</b>) disables JIT execution; in this situation, matching is
	always done using interpretively.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Setting PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE can change the outcome of a matching operation.	Setting PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE can change the outcome of a matching operation.
Line 1715 returned.	Line 1925 returned.
</pre>	</pre>
When PCRE_UTF8 is set at compile time, the validity of the subject as a UTF-8	When PCRE_UTF8 is set at compile time, the validity of the subject as a UTF-8
string is automatically checked when <b>pcre_exec()</b> is subsequently called.	string is automatically checked when <b>pcre_exec()</b> is subsequently called.
The value of <i>startoffset</i> is also checked to ensure that it points to the	The entire string is checked before any other processing takes place. The value
start of a UTF-8 character. There is a discussion about the validity of UTF-8	of <i>startoffset</i> is also checked to ensure that it points to the start of a
strings in the	UTF-8 character. There is a discussion about the
	<a href="pcreunicode.html#utf8strings">validity of UTF-8 strings</a>
	in the
<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a>	<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a>
page. If an invalid sequence of bytes is found, <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns the	page. If an invalid sequence of bytes is found, <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns the
error PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8 or, if PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set and the problem is a	error PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8 or, if PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set and the problem is a
Line 1773 The string to be matched by <b>pcre_exec()</b>	Line 1985 The string to be matched by <b>pcre_exec()</b>
</b><br>	</b><br>
<P>	<P>
The subject string is passed to <b>pcre_exec()</b> as a pointer in	The subject string is passed to <b>pcre_exec()</b> as a pointer in
<i>subject</i>, a length in bytes in <i>length</i>, and a starting byte offset	<i>subject</i>, a length in <i>length</i>, and a starting offset in
in <i>startoffset</i>. If this is negative or greater than the length of the	<i>startoffset</i>. The units for <i>length</i> and <i>startoffset</i> are bytes
subject, <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns PCRE_ERROR_BADOFFSET. When the starting	for the 8-bit library, 16-bit data items for the 16-bit library, and 32-bit
offset is zero, the search for a match starts at the beginning of the subject,	data items for the 32-bit library.
and this is by far the most common case. In UTF-8 mode, the byte offset must
point to the start of a UTF-8 character (or the end of the subject). Unlike the
pattern string, the subject may contain binary zero bytes.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
	If <i>startoffset</i> is negative or greater than the length of the subject,
	<b>pcre_exec()</b> returns PCRE_ERROR_BADOFFSET. When the starting offset is
	zero, the search for a match starts at the beginning of the subject, and this
	is by far the most common case. In UTF-8 or UTF-16 mode, the offset must point
	to the start of a character, or the end of the subject (in UTF-32 mode, one
	data unit equals one character, so all offsets are valid). Unlike the pattern
	string, the subject may contain binary zeroes.
	</P>
	<P>
A non-zero starting offset is useful when searching for another match in the	A non-zero starting offset is useful when searching for another match in the
same subject by calling <b>pcre_exec()</b> again after a previous success.	same subject by calling <b>pcre_exec()</b> again after a previous success.
Setting <i>startoffset</i> differs from just passing over a shortened string and	Setting <i>startoffset</i> differs from just passing over a shortened string and
Line 1847 rounded down.	Line 2065 rounded down.
When a match is successful, information about captured substrings is returned	When a match is successful, information about captured substrings is returned
in pairs of integers, starting at the beginning of <i>ovector</i>, and	in pairs of integers, starting at the beginning of <i>ovector</i>, and
continuing up to two-thirds of its length at the most. The first element of	continuing up to two-thirds of its length at the most. The first element of
each pair is set to the byte offset of the first character in a substring, and	each pair is set to the offset of the first character in a substring, and the
the second is set to the byte offset of the first character after the end of a	second is set to the offset of the first character after the end of a
substring. <b>Note</b>: these values are always byte offsets, even in UTF-8	substring. These values are always data unit offsets, even in UTF mode. They
mode. They are not character counts.	are byte offsets in the 8-bit library, 16-bit data item offsets in the 16-bit
	library, and 32-bit data item offsets in the 32-bit library. <b>Note</b>: they
	are not character counts.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
The first pair of integers, <i>ovector[0]</i> and <i>ovector[1]</i>, identify the	The first pair of integers, <i>ovector[0]</i> and <i>ovector[1]</i>, identify the
Line 1868 string that it matched that is returned.	Line 2088 string that it matched that is returned.
<P>	<P>
If the vector is too small to hold all the captured substring offsets, it is	If the vector is too small to hold all the captured substring offsets, it is
used as far as possible (up to two-thirds of its length), and the function	used as far as possible (up to two-thirds of its length), and the function
returns a value of zero. If neither the actual string matched not any captured	returns a value of zero. If neither the actual string matched nor any captured
substrings are of interest, <b>pcre_exec()</b> may be called with <i>ovector</i>	substrings are of interest, <b>pcre_exec()</b> may be called with <i>ovector</i>
passed as NULL and <i>ovecsize</i> as zero. However, if the pattern contains	passed as NULL and <i>ovecsize</i> as zero. However, if the pattern contains
back references and the <i>ovector</i> is not big enough to remember the related	back references and the <i>ovector</i> is not big enough to remember the related
Line 2067 time.	Line 2287 time.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT (-27)	PCRE_ERROR_JIT_STACKLIMIT (-27)
</pre>	</pre>
This error is returned when a pattern that was successfully studied using the	This error is returned when a pattern that was successfully studied using a
PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option is being matched, but the memory available for	JIT compile option is being matched, but the memory available for the
the just-in-time processing stack is not large enough. See the	just-in-time processing stack is not large enough. See the
<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>	<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>
documentation for more details.	documentation for more details.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_ERROR_BADMODE (-28)	PCRE_ERROR_BADMODE (-28)
</pre>	</pre>
This error is given if a pattern that was compiled by the 8-bit library is	This error is given if a pattern that was compiled by the 8-bit library is
passed to a 16-bit library function, or vice versa.	passed to a 16-bit or 32-bit library function, or vice versa.
<pre>	<pre>
PCRE_ERROR_BADENDIANNESS (-29)	PCRE_ERROR_BADENDIANNESS (-29)
</pre>	</pre>
This error is given if a pattern that was compiled and saved is reloaded on a	This error is given if a pattern that was compiled and saved is reloaded on a
host with different endianness. The utility function	host with different endianness. The utility function
<b>pcre_pattern_to_host_byte_order()</b> can be used to convert such a pattern	<b>pcre_pattern_to_host_byte_order()</b> can be used to convert such a pattern
so that it runs on the new host.	so that it runs on the new host.
	<pre>
	PCRE_ERROR_JIT_BADOPTION
	</pre>
	This error is returned when a pattern that was successfully studied using a JIT
	compile option is being matched, but the matching mode (partial or complete
	match) does not correspond to any JIT compilation mode. When the JIT fast path
	function is used, this error may be also given for invalid options. See the
	<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a>
	documentation for more details.
	<pre>
	PCRE_ERROR_BADLENGTH (-32)
	</pre>
	This error is given if <b>pcre_exec()</b> is called with a negative value for
	the <i>length</i> argument.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
Error numbers -16 to -20 and -22 are not used by <b>pcre_exec()</b>.	Error numbers -16 to -20, -22, and 30 are not used by <b>pcre_exec()</b>.
<a name="badutf8reasons"></a></P>	<a name="badutf8reasons"></a></P>
<br><b>	<br><b>
Reason codes for invalid UTF-8 strings	Reason codes for invalid UTF-8 strings
</b><br>	</b><br>
<P>	<P>
This section applies only to the 8-bit library. The corresponding information	This section applies only to the 8-bit library. The corresponding information
for the 16-bit library is given in the	for the 16-bit and 32-bit libraries is given in the
<a href="pcre16.html"><b>pcre16</b></a>	<a href="pcre16.html"><b>pcre16</b></a>
page.	and
	<a href="pcre32.html"><b>pcre32</b></a>
	pages.
</P>	</P>
<P>	<P>
When <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns either PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8 or	When <b>pcre_exec()</b> returns either PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8 or
Line 2166 character.	Line 2402 character.
</pre>	</pre>
The first byte of a character has the value 0xfe or 0xff. These values can	The first byte of a character has the value 0xfe or 0xff. These values can
never occur in a valid UTF-8 string.	never occur in a valid UTF-8 string.
	<pre>
	PCRE_UTF8_ERR22
	</pre>
	This error code was formerly used when the presence of a so-called
	"non-character" caused an error. Unicode corrigendum #9 makes it clear that
	such characters should not cause a string to be rejected, and so this code is
	no longer in use and is never returned.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC18" href="#TOC1">EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC18" href="#TOC1">EXTRACTING CAPTURED SUBSTRINGS BY NUMBER</a><br>
<P>	<P>
Line 2581 When a recursive subpattern is processed, the matching	Line 2824 When a recursive subpattern is processed, the matching
recursively, using private vectors for <i>ovector</i> and <i>workspace</i>. This	recursively, using private vectors for <i>ovector</i> and <i>workspace</i>. This
error is given if the output vector is not large enough. This should be	error is given if the output vector is not large enough. This should be
extremely rare, as a vector of size 1000 is used.	extremely rare, as a vector of size 1000 is used.
	<pre>
	PCRE_ERROR_DFA_BADRESTART (-30)
	</pre>
	When <b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b> is called with the <b>PCRE_DFA_RESTART</b> option,
	some plausibility checks are made on the contents of the workspace, which
	should contain data about the previous partial match. If any of these checks
	fail, this error is given.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC24" href="#TOC1">SEE ALSO</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC24" href="#TOC1">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<P>	<P>
<b>pcre16</b>(3), <b>pcrebuild</b>(3), <b>pcrecallout</b>(3), <b>pcrecpp(3)</b>(3),	<b>pcre16</b>(3), <b>pcre32</b>(3), <b>pcrebuild</b>(3), <b>pcrecallout</b>(3),
<b>pcrematching</b>(3), <b>pcrepartial</b>(3), <b>pcreposix</b>(3),	<b>pcrecpp(3)</b>(3), <b>pcrematching</b>(3), <b>pcrepartial</b>(3),
<b>pcreprecompile</b>(3), <b>pcresample</b>(3), <b>pcrestack</b>(3).	<b>pcreposix</b>(3), <b>pcreprecompile</b>(3), <b>pcresample</b>(3),
	<b>pcrestack</b>(3).
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC25" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC25" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br>
<P>	<P>
Line 2599 Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.	Line 2850 Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
</P>	</P>
<br><a name="SEC26" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>	<br><a name="SEC26" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br>
<P>	<P>
Last updated: 21 January 2012	Last updated: 12 May 2013
<br>	<br>
Copyright © 1997-2012 University of Cambridge.	Copyright © 1997-2013 University of Cambridge.
<br>	<br>
<p>	<p>
Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.	Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>.

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