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PCRETEST(1) PCRETEST(1)	PCRETEST(1) General Commands Manual PCRETEST(1)



NAME	NAME
pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.	pcretest - a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.


SYNOPSIS	SYNOPSIS

pcretest [options] [input file [output file]]	pcretest [options] [input file [output file]]
Line 14 SYNOPSIS	Line 14 SYNOPSIS
expressions. This document describes the features of the test program;	expressions. This document describes the features of the test program;
for details of the regular expressions themselves, see the pcrepattern	for details of the regular expressions themselves, see the pcrepattern
documentation. For details of the PCRE library function calls and their	documentation. For details of the PCRE library function calls and their
options, see the pcreapi and pcre16 documentation. The input for	options, see the pcreapi , pcre16 and pcre32 documentation.
pcretest is a sequence of regular expression patterns and strings to be
matched, as described below. The output shows the result of each match.
Options on the command line and the patterns control PCRE options and
exactly what is output.

	The input for pcretest is a sequence of regular expression patterns and
	strings to be matched, as described below. The output shows the result
	of each match. Options on the command line and the patterns control
	PCRE options and exactly what is output.

PCRE's 8-BIT and 16-BIT LIBRARIES	As PCRE has evolved, it has acquired many different features, and as a
	result, pcretest now has rather a lot of obscure options for testing
	every possible feature. Some of these options are specifically designed
	for use in conjunction with the test script and data files that are
	distributed as part of PCRE, and are unlikely to be of use otherwise.
	They are all documented here, but without much justification.


	INPUT DATA FORMAT

	Input to pcretest is processed line by line, either by calling the C
	library's fgets() function, or via the libreadline library (see below).
	In Unix-like environments, fgets() treats any bytes other than newline
	as data characters. However, in some Windows environments character 26
	(hex 1A) causes an immediate end of file, and no further data is read.
	For maximum portability, therefore, it is safest to use only ASCII
	characters in pcretest input files.


	PCRE's 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES

From release 8.30, two separate PCRE libraries can be built. The origi-	From release 8.30, two separate PCRE libraries can be built. The origi-
nal one supports 8-bit character strings, whereas the newer 16-bit	nal one supports 8-bit character strings, whereas the newer 16-bit
library supports character strings encoded in 16-bit units. The	library supports character strings encoded in 16-bit units. From
pcretest program can be used to test both libraries. However, it is	release 8.32, a third library can be built, supporting character
itself still an 8-bit program, reading 8-bit input and writing 8-bit	strings encoded in 32-bit units. The pcretest program can be used to
output. When testing the 16-bit library, the patterns and data strings	test all three libraries. However, it is itself still an 8-bit program,
are converted to 16-bit format before being passed to the PCRE library	reading 8-bit input and writing 8-bit output. When testing the 16-bit
functions. Results are converted to 8-bit for output.	or 32-bit library, the patterns and data strings are converted to 16-
	or 32-bit format before being passed to the PCRE library functions.
	Results are converted to 8-bit for output.

References to functions and structures of the form pcre[16]_xx below	References to functions and structures of the form pcre[16\|32]_xx below
mean "pcre_xx when using the 8-bit library or pcre16_xx when using the	mean "pcre_xx when using the 8-bit library, pcre16_xx when using the
16-bit library".	16-bit library, or pcre32_xx when using the 32-bit library".


COMMAND LINE OPTIONS	COMMAND LINE OPTIONS

-16 If both the 8-bit and the 16-bit libraries have been built,	-8 If both the 8-bit library has been built, this option causes
this option causes the 16-bit library to be used. If only the	the 8-bit library to be used (which is the default); if the
16-bit library has been built, this is the default (so has no	8-bit library has not been built, this option causes an
effect). If only the 8-bit library has been built, this	error.
option causes an error.

-b Behave as if each pattern has the /B (show byte code) modi-	-16 If both the 8-bit or the 32-bit, and the 16-bit libraries
	have been built, this option causes the 16-bit library to be
	used. If only the 16-bit library has been built, this is the
	default (so has no effect). If only the 8-bit or the 32-bit
	library has been built, this option causes an error.

	-32 If both the 8-bit or the 16-bit, and the 32-bit libraries
	have been built, this option causes the 32-bit library to be
	used. If only the 32-bit library has been built, this is the
	default (so has no effect). If only the 8-bit or the 16-bit
	library has been built, this option causes an error.

	-b Behave as if each pattern has the /B (show byte code) modi-
fier; the internal form is output after compilation.	fier; the internal form is output after compilation.

-C Output the version number of the PCRE library, and all avail-	-C Output the version number of the PCRE library, and all avail-
able information about the optional features that are	able information about the optional features that are
included, and then exit. All other options are ignored.	included, and then exit with zero exit code. All other
	options are ignored.

-C option Output information about a specific build-time option, then	-C option Output information about a specific build-time option, then
exit. This functionality is intended for use in scripts such	exit. This functionality is intended for use in scripts such
as RunTest. The following options output the value indicated:	as RunTest. The following options output the value and set
	the exit code as indicated:

linksize the internal link size (2, 3, or 4)	ebcdic-nl the code for LF (= NL) in an EBCDIC environment:
	0x15 or 0x25
	0 if used in an ASCII environment
	exit code is always 0
	linksize the configured internal link size (2, 3, or 4)
	exit code is set to the link size
newline the default newline setting:	newline the default newline setting:
CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, or ANY	CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, or ANY
	exit code is always 0

The following options output 1 for true or zero for false:	The following options output 1 for true or 0 The following options output 1 for true or 0
	set the exit code to the same value:

	ebcdic compiled for an EBCDIC environment
jit just-in-time support is available	jit just-in-time support is available
pcre16 the 16-bit library was built	pcre16 the 16-bit library was built
	pcre32 the 32-bit library was built
pcre8 the 8-bit library was built	pcre8 the 8-bit library was built
ucp Unicode property support is available	ucp Unicode property support is available
utf UTF-8 and/or UTF-16 support is available	utf UTF-8 and/or UTF-16 and/or UTF-32 support
	is available

-d Behave as if each pattern has the /D (debug) modifier; the	If an unknown option is given, an error message is output;
internal form and information about the compiled pattern is	the exit code is 0.

	-d Behave as if each pattern has the /D (debug) modifier; the
	internal form and information about the compiled pattern is
output after compilation; -d is equivalent to -b -i.	output after compilation; -d is equivalent to -b -i.

-dfa Behave as if each data line contains the \D escape sequence;	-dfa Behave as if each data line contains the \D escape sequence;
this causes the alternative matching function,	this causes the alternative matching function,
pcre[16]_dfa_exec(), to be used instead of the standard	pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec(), to be used instead of the standard
pcre[16]_exec() function (more detail is given below).	pcre[16\|32]_exec() function (more detail is given below).

-help Output a brief summary these options and then exit.	-help Output a brief summary these options and then exit.

-i Behave as if each pattern has the /I modifier; information	-i Behave as if each pattern has the /I modifier; information
about the compiled pattern is given after compilation.	about the compiled pattern is given after compilation.

-M Behave as if each data line contains the \M escape sequence;	-M Behave as if each data line contains the \M escape sequence;
this causes PCRE to discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and	this causes PCRE to discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and
MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings by calling pcre[16]_exec()	MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings by calling pcre[16\|32]_exec()
repeatedly with different limits.	repeatedly with different limits.

-m Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been	-m Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been
compiled. This is equivalent to adding /M to each regular	compiled. This is equivalent to adding /M to each regular
expression. The size is given in bytes for both libraries.	expression. The size is given in bytes for both libraries.

-o osize Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used	-o osize Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used
when calling pcre[16]_exec() or pcre[16]_dfa_exec() to be	when calling pcre[16\|32]_exec() or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec() to
osize. The default value is 45, which is enough for 14 cap-	be osize. The default value is 45, which is enough for 14
turing subexpressions for pcre[16]_exec() or 22 different	capturing subexpressions for pcre[16\|32]_exec() or 22 differ-
matches for pcre[16]_dfa_exec(). The vector size can be	ent matches for pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec(). The vector size can
changed for individual matching calls by including \O in the	be changed for individual matching calls by including \O in
data line (see below).	the data line (see below).

-p Behave as if each pattern has the /P modifier; the POSIX	-p Behave as if each pattern has the /P modifier; the POSIX
wrapper API is used to call PCRE. None of the other options	wrapper API is used to call PCRE. None of the other options
has any effect when -p is set. This option can be used only	has any effect when -p is set. This option can be used only
with the 8-bit library.	with the 8-bit library.

-q Do not output the version number of pcretest at the start of	-q Do not output the version number of pcretest at the start of
execution.	execution.

-S size On Unix-like systems, set the size of the run-time stack to	-S size On Unix-like systems, set the size of the run-time stack to
size megabytes.	size megabytes.

-s or -s+ Behave as if each pattern has the /S modifier; in other	-s or -s+ Behave as if each pattern has the /S modifier; in other
words, force each pattern to be studied. If -s+ is used, all	words, force each pattern to be studied. If -s+ is used, all
the JIT compile options are passed to pcre[16]_study(), caus-	the JIT compile options are passed to pcre[16\|32]_study(),
ing just-in-time optimization to be set up if it is avail-	causing just-in-time optimization to be set up if it is
able, for both full and partial matching. Specific JIT com-	available, for both full and partial matching. Specific JIT
pile options can be selected by following -s+ with a digit in	compile options can be selected by following -s+ with a digit
the range 1 to 7, which selects the JIT compile modes as fol-	in the range 1 to 7, which selects the JIT compile modes as
lows:	follows:

1 normal match only	1 normal match only
2 soft partial match only	2 soft partial match only
Line 126 COMMAND LINE OPTIONS	Line 173 COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
6 soft and hard partial match	6 soft and hard partial match
7 all three modes (default)	7 all three modes (default)

If -s++ is used instead of -s+ (with or without a following	If -s++ is used instead of -s+ (with or without a following
digit), the text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line	digit), the text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line
after a match or no match when JIT-compiled code was actually	after a match or no match when JIT-compiled code was actually
used.	used.

If the /I or /D option is present on a pattern (requesting output about	Note that there are pattern options that can override -s,
the compiled pattern), information about the result of studying is not	either specifying no studying at all, or suppressing JIT com-
included when studying is caused only by -s and neither -i nor -d is	pilation.
present on the command line. This behaviour means that the output from
tests that are run with and without -s should be identical, except when
options that output information about the actual running of a match are
set.

The -M, -t, and -tm options, which give information about resources	If the /I or /D option is present on a pattern (requesting
used, are likely to produce different output with and without -s. Out-	output about the compiled pattern), information about the
put may also differ if the /C option is present on an individual pat-	result of studying is not included when studying is caused
tern. This uses callouts to trace the the matching process, and this	only by -s and neither -i nor -d is present on the command
may be different between studied and non-studied patterns. If the pat-	line. This behaviour means that the output from tests that
tern contains (*MARK) items there may also be differences, for the same	are run with and without -s should be identical, except when
reason. The -s command line option can be overridden for specific pat-	options that output information about the actual running of a
terns that should never be studied (see the /S pattern modifier below).

	The -M, -t, and -tm options, which give information about
	resources used, are likely to produce different output with
	and without -s. Output may also differ if the /C option is
	present on an individual pattern. This uses callouts to trace
	the the matching process, and this may be different between
	studied and non-studied patterns. If the pattern contains
	(*MARK) items there may also be differences, for the same
	reason. The -s command line option can be overridden for spe-
	cific patterns that should never be studied (see the /S pat-
	tern modifier below).

-t Run each compile, study, and match many times with a timer,	-t Run each compile, study, and match many times with a timer,
and output resulting time per compile or match (in millisec-	and output resulting time per compile or match (in millisec-
onds). Do not set -m with -t, because you will then get the	onds). Do not set -m with -t, because you will then get the
Line 221 DESCRIPTION	Line 275 DESCRIPTION
PATTERN MODIFIERS	PATTERN MODIFIERS

A pattern may be followed by any number of modifiers, which are mostly	A pattern may be followed by any number of modifiers, which are mostly
single characters. Following Perl usage, these are referred to below	single characters, though some of these can be qualified by further
as, for example, "the /i modifier", even though the delimiter of the	characters. Following Perl usage, these are referred to below as, for
pattern need not always be a slash, and no slash is used when writing	example, "the /i modifier", even though the delimiter of the pattern
modifiers. White space may appear between the final pattern delimiter	need not always be a slash, and no slash is used when writing modi-
and the first modifier, and between the modifiers themselves.	fiers. White space may appear between the final pattern delimiter and
	the first modifier, and between the modifiers themselves. For refer-
	ence, here is a complete list of modifiers. They fall into several
	groups that are described in detail in the following sections.

	/8 set UTF mode
	/9 set PCRE_NEVER_UTF (locks out UTF mode)
	/? disable UTF validity check
	/+ show remainder of subject after match
	/= show all captures (not just those that are set)

	/A set PCRE_ANCHORED
	/B show compiled code
	/C set PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT
	/D same as /B plus /I
	/E set PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY
	/F flip byte order in compiled pattern
	/f set PCRE_FIRSTLINE
	/G find all matches (shorten string)
	/g find all matches (use startoffset)
	/I show information about pattern
	/i set PCRE_CASELESS
	/J set PCRE_DUPNAMES
	/K show backtracking control names
	/L set locale
	/M show compiled memory size
	/m set PCRE_MULTILINE
	/N set PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE
	/P use the POSIX wrapper
	/S study the pattern after compilation
	/s set PCRE_DOTALL
	/T select character tables
	/U set PCRE_UNGREEDY
	/W set PCRE_UCP
	/X set PCRE_EXTRA
	/x set PCRE_EXTENDED
	/Y set PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
	/Z don't show lengths in /B output

	/<any> set PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY
	/<anycrlf> set PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF
	/<cr> set PCRE_NEWLINE_CR
	/<crlf> set PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF
	/<lf> set PCRE_NEWLINE_LF
	/<bsr_anycrlf> set PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF
	/<bsr_unicode> set PCRE_BSR_UNICODE
	/<JS> set PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT


	Perl-compatible modifiers

The /i, /m, /s, and /x modifiers set the PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE,	The /i, /m, /s, and /x modifiers set the PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE,
PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options, respectively, when pcre[16]_com-	PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options, respectively, when
pile() is called. These four modifier letters have the same effect as	pcre[16\|32]_compile() is called. These four modifier letters have the
they do in Perl. For example:	same effect as they do in Perl. For example:

/caseless/i	/caseless/i

The following table shows additional modifiers for setting PCRE com-
	Modifiers for other PCRE options

	The following table shows additional modifiers for setting PCRE com-
pile-time options that do not correspond to anything in Perl:	pile-time options that do not correspond to anything in Perl:

/8 PCRE_UTF8 ) when using the 8-bit	/8 PCRE_UTF8 ) when using the 8-bit
Line 243 PATTERN MODIFIERS	Line 349 PATTERN MODIFIERS
/8 PCRE_UTF16 ) when using the 16-bit	/8 PCRE_UTF16 ) when using the 16-bit
/? PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK ) library	/? PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK ) library

	/8 PCRE_UTF32 ) when using the 32-bit
	/? PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK ) library

	/9 PCRE_NEVER_UTF
/A PCRE_ANCHORED	/A PCRE_ANCHORED
/C PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT	/C PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT
/E PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY	/E PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY
Line 253 PATTERN MODIFIERS	Line 363 PATTERN MODIFIERS
/W PCRE_UCP	/W PCRE_UCP
/X PCRE_EXTRA	/X PCRE_EXTRA
/Y PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE	/Y PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
/<JS> PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT	/<any> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY
	/<anycrlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF
/<cr> PCRE_NEWLINE_CR	/<cr> PCRE_NEWLINE_CR
/<lf> PCRE_NEWLINE_LF
/<crlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF	/<crlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF
/<anycrlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF	/<lf> PCRE_NEWLINE_LF
/<any> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY
/<bsr_anycrlf> PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF	/<bsr_anycrlf> PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF
/<bsr_unicode> PCRE_BSR_UNICODE	/<bsr_unicode> PCRE_BSR_UNICODE
	/<JS> PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT

The modifiers that are enclosed in angle brackets are literal strings	The modifiers that are enclosed in angle brackets are literal strings
as shown, including the angle brackets, but the letters within can be	as shown, including the angle brackets, but the letters within can be
in either case. This example sets multiline matching with CRLF as the	in either case. This example sets multiline matching with CRLF as the
line ending sequence:	line ending sequence:

/^abc/m<CRLF>	/^abc/m<CRLF>

As well as turning on the PCRE_UTF8/16 option, the /8 modifier causes	As well as turning on the PCRE_UTF8/16/32 option, the /8 modifier
all non-printing characters in output strings to be printed using the	causes all non-printing characters in output strings to be printed
\x{hh...} notation. Otherwise, those less than 0x100 are output in hex	using the \x{hh...} notation. Otherwise, those less than 0x100 are out-
without the curly brackets.	put in hex without the curly brackets.

Full details of the PCRE options are given in the pcreapi documenta-	Full details of the PCRE options are given in the pcreapi documenta-
tion.	tion.

Finding all matches in a string	Finding all matches in a string

Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be	Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be
requested by the /g or /G modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is	requested by the /g or /G modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is
called again to search the remainder of the subject string. The differ-	called again to search the remainder of the subject string. The differ-
ence between /g and /G is that the former uses the startoffset argument	ence between /g and /G is that the former uses the startoffset argument
to pcre[16]_exec() to start searching at a new point within the entire	to pcre[16\|32]_exec() to start searching at a new point within the
string (which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter passes	entire string (which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter
over a shortened substring. This makes a difference to the matching	passes over a shortened substring. This makes a difference to the
process if the pattern begins with a lookbehind assertion (including \b	matching process if the pattern begins with a lookbehind assertion
or \B).	(including \b or \B).

If any call to pcre[16]_exec() in a /g or /G sequence matches an empty	If any call to pcre[16\|32]_exec() in a /g or /G sequence matches an
string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and	empty string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and
PCRE_ANCHORED flags set in order to search for another, non-empty,	PCRE_ANCHORED flags set in order to search for another, non-empty,
match at the same point. If this second match fails, the start offset	match at the same point. If this second match fails, the start offset
is advanced, and the normal match is retried. This imitates the way	is advanced, and the normal match is retried. This imitates the way
Perl handles such cases when using the /g modifier or the split() func-	Perl handles such cases when using the /g modifier or the split() func-
tion. Normally, the start offset is advanced by one character, but if	tion. Normally, the start offset is advanced by one character, but if
the newline convention recognizes CRLF as a newline, and the current	the newline convention recognizes CRLF as a newline, and the current
character is CR followed by LF, an advance of two is used.	character is CR followed by LF, an advance of two is used.

Other modifiers	Other modifiers

There are yet more modifiers for controlling the way pcretest operates.	There are yet more modifiers for controlling the way pcretest operates.

The /+ modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that	The /+ modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that
matched the entire pattern, pcretest should in addition output the	matched the entire pattern, pcretest should in addition output the
remainder of the subject string. This is useful for tests where the	remainder of the subject string. This is useful for tests where the
subject contains multiple copies of the same substring. If the + modi-	subject contains multiple copies of the same substring. If the + modi-
fier appears twice, the same action is taken for captured substrings.	fier appears twice, the same action is taken for captured substrings.
In each case the remainder is output on the following line with a plus	In each case the remainder is output on the following line with a plus
character following the capture number. Note that this modifier must	character following the capture number. Note that this modifier must
not immediately follow the /S modifier because /S+ and /S++ have other	not immediately follow the /S modifier because /S+ and /S++ have other
meanings.	meanings.

The /= modifier requests that the values of all potential captured	The /= modifier requests that the values of all potential captured
parentheses be output after a match. By default, only those up to the	parentheses be output after a match. By default, only those up to the
highest one actually used in the match are output (corresponding to the	highest one actually used in the match are output (corresponding to the
return code from pcre[16]_exec()). Values in the offsets vector corre-	return code from pcre[16\|32]_exec()). Values in the offsets vector cor-
sponding to higher numbers should be set to -1, and these are output as	responding to higher numbers should be set to -1, and these are output
"<unset>". This modifier gives a way of checking that this is happen-	as "<unset>". This modifier gives a way of checking that this is hap-
ing.	pening.

The /B modifier is a debugging feature. It requests that pcretest out-	The /B modifier is a debugging feature. It requests that pcretest out-
put a representation of the compiled code after compilation. Normally	put a representation of the compiled code after compilation. Normally
this information contains length and offset values; however, if /Z is	this information contains length and offset values; however, if /Z is
also present, this data is replaced by spaces. This is a special fea-	also present, this data is replaced by spaces. This is a special fea-
ture for use in the automatic test scripts; it ensures that the same	ture for use in the automatic test scripts; it ensures that the same
output is generated for different internal link sizes.	output is generated for different internal link sizes.

The /D modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, and is equivalent to /BI,	The /D modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, and is equivalent to /BI,
that is, both the /B and the /I modifiers.	that is, both the /B and the /I modifiers.

The /F modifier causes pcretest to flip the byte order of the 2-byte	The /F modifier causes pcretest to flip the byte order of the 2-byte
and 4-byte fields in the compiled pattern. This facility is for testing	and 4-byte fields in the compiled pattern. This facility is for testing
the feature in PCRE that allows it to execute patterns that were com-	the feature in PCRE that allows it to execute patterns that were com-
piled on a host with a different endianness. This feature is not avail-	piled on a host with a different endianness. This feature is not avail-
able when the POSIX interface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the	able when the POSIX interface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the
/P pattern modifier is specified. See also the section about saving and	/P pattern modifier is specified. See also the section about saving and
reloading compiled patterns below.	reloading compiled patterns below.

The /I modifier requests that pcretest output information about the	The /I modifier requests that pcretest output information about the
compiled pattern (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character,	compiled pattern (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character,
and so on). It does this by calling pcre[16]_fullinfo() after compiling	and so on). It does this by calling pcre[16\|32]_fullinfo() after com-
a pattern. If the pattern is studied, the results of that are also out-	piling a pattern. If the pattern is studied, the results of that are
put.	also output.

The /K modifier requests pcretest to show names from backtracking con-	The /K modifier requests pcretest to show names from backtracking con-
trol verbs that are returned from calls to pcre[16]_exec(). It causes	trol verbs that are returned from calls to pcre[16\|32]_exec(). It
pcretest to create a pcre[16]_extra block if one has not already been	causes pcretest to create a pcre[16\|32]_extra block if one has not
created by a call to pcre[16]_study(), and to set the PCRE_EXTRA_MARK	already been created by a call to pcre[16\|32]_study(), and to set the
flag and the mark field within it, every time that pcre[16]_exec() is	PCRE_EXTRA_MARK flag and the mark field within it, every time that
called. If the variable that the mark field points to is non-NULL for a	pcre[16\|32]_exec() is called. If the variable that the mark field
match, non-match, or partial match, pcretest prints the string to which	points to is non-NULL for a match, non-match, or partial match,
it points. For a match, this is shown on a line by itself, tagged with	pcretest prints the string to which it points. For a match, this is
"MK:". For a non-match it is added to the message.	shown on a line by itself, tagged with "MK:". For a non-match it is
	added to the message.

The /L modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for	The /L modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for
example,	example,
Line 361 PATTERN MODIFIERS	Line 472 PATTERN MODIFIERS
/pattern/Lfr_FR	/pattern/Lfr_FR

For this reason, it must be the last modifier. The given locale is set,	For this reason, it must be the last modifier. The given locale is set,
pcre[16]_maketables() is called to build a set of character tables for	pcre[16\|32]_maketables() is called to build a set of character tables
the locale, and this is then passed to pcre[16]_compile() when compil-	for the locale, and this is then passed to pcre[16\|32]_compile() when
ing the regular expression. Without an /L (or /T) modifier, NULL is	compiling the regular expression. Without an /L (or /T) modifier, NULL
passed as the tables pointer; that is, /L applies only to the expres-	is passed as the tables pointer; that is, /L applies only to the
sion on which it appears.	expression on which it appears.

The /M modifier causes the size in bytes of the memory block used to	The /M modifier causes the size in bytes of the memory block used to
hold the compiled pattern to be output. This does not include the size	hold the compiled pattern to be output. This does not include the size
of the pcre[16] block; it is just the actual compiled data. If the pat-	of the pcre[16\|32] block; it is just the actual compiled data. If the
tern is successfully studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option,	pattern is successfully studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option,
the size of the JIT compiled code is also output.	the size of the JIT compiled code is also output.

If the /S modifier appears once, it causes pcre[16]_study() to be	The /S modifier causes pcre[16\|32]_study() to be called after the
called after the expression has been compiled, and the results used	expression has been compiled, and the results used when the expression
when the expression is matched. If /S appears twice, it suppresses	is matched. There are a number of qualifying characters that may follow
studying, even if it was requested externally by the -s command line	/S. They may appear in any order.
option. This makes it possible to specify that certain patterns are
always studied, and others are never studied, independently of -s. This
feature is used in the test files in a few cases where the output is
different when the pattern is studied.

If the /S modifier is immediately followed by a + character, the call	If S is followed by an exclamation mark, pcre[16\|32]_study() is called
to pcre[16]_study() is made with all the JIT study options, requesting	with the PCRE_STUDY_EXTRA_NEEDED option, causing it always to return a
just-in-time optimization support if it is available, for both normal	pcre_extra block, even when studying discovers no useful information.
and partial matching. If you want to restrict the JIT compiling modes,	you can follow /S+ with a digit in the range 1 to 7:
	If /S is followed by a second S character, it suppresses studying, even
	if it was requested externally by the -s command line option. This
	makes it possible to specify that certain patterns are always studied,
	and others are never studied, independently of -s. This feature is used
	in the test files in a few cases where the output is different when the
	pattern is studied.

	If the /S modifier is followed by a + character, the call to
	pcre[16\|32]_study() is made with all the JIT study options, requesting
	just-in-time optimization support if it is available, for both normal
	and partial matching. If you want to restrict the JIT compiling modes,
you can follow /S+ with a digit in the range 1 to 7:	you can follow /S+ with a digit in the range 1 to 7:

1 normal match only	1 normal match only
Line 396 PATTERN MODIFIERS	Line 514 PATTERN MODIFIERS
7 all three modes (default)	7 all three modes (default)

If /S++ is used instead of /S+ (with or without a following digit), the	If /S++ is used instead of /S+ (with or without a following digit), the
text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line after a match or no	text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line after a match or no
match when JIT-compiled code was actually used.	match when JIT-compiled code was actually used.

Note that there is also an independent /+ modifier; it must not be	Note that there is also an independent /+ modifier; it must not be
given immediately after /S or /S+ because this will be misinterpreted.	given immediately after /S or /S+ because this will be misinterpreted.

If JIT studying is successful, the compiled JIT code will automatically	If JIT studying is successful, the compiled JIT code will automatically
be used when pcre[16]_exec() is run, except when incompatible run-time	be used when pcre[16\|32]_exec() is run, except when incompatible run-
options are specified. For more details, see the pcrejit documentation.	time options are specified. For more details, see the pcrejit documen-
See also the \J escape sequence below for a way of setting the size of	tation. See also the \J escape sequence below for a way of setting the
the JIT stack.	size of the JIT stack.

	Finally, if /S is followed by a minus character, JIT compilation is
	suppressed, even if it was requested externally by the -s command line
	option. This makes it possible to specify that JIT is never to be used
	for certain patterns.

The /T modifier must be followed by a single digit. It causes a spe-	The /T modifier must be followed by a single digit. It causes a spe-
cific set of built-in character tables to be passed to pcre[16]_com-	cific set of built-in character tables to be passed to pcre[16\|32]_com-
pile(). It is used in the standard PCRE tests to check behaviour with	pile(). It is used in the standard PCRE tests to check behaviour with
different character tables. The digit specifies the tables as follows:	different character tables. The digit specifies the tables as follows:

Line 441 PATTERN MODIFIERS	Line 564 PATTERN MODIFIERS

DATA LINES	DATA LINES

Before each data line is passed to pcre[16]_exec(), leading and trail-	Before each data line is passed to pcre[16\|32]_exec(), leading and
ing white space is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes. Some	trailing white space is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes.
of these are pretty esoteric features, intended for checking out some	Some of these are pretty esoteric features, intended for checking out
of the more complicated features of PCRE. If you are just testing	some of the more complicated features of PCRE. If you are just testing
"ordinary" regular expressions, you probably don't need any of these.	"ordinary" regular expressions, you probably don't need any of these.
The following escapes are recognized:	The following escapes are recognized:

Line 459 DATA LINES	Line 582 DATA LINES
\t tab (\x09)	\t tab (\x09)
\v vertical tab (\x0b)	\v vertical tab (\x0b)
\nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits); always	\nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits); always
a byte unless > 255 in UTF-8 or 16-bit mode	a byte unless > 255 in UTF-8 or 16-bit or 32-bit mode
\xhh hexadecimal byte (up to 2 hex digits)	\xhh hexadecimal byte (up to 2 hex digits)
\x{hh...} hexadecimal character (any number of hex digits)	\x{hh...} hexadecimal character (any number of hex digits)
\A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to pcre[16]_exec()	\A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
\B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to pcre[16]_exec()	\B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
\Cdd call pcre[16]_copy_substring() for substring dd	\Cdd call pcre[16\|32]_copy_substring() for substring dd
after a successful match (number less than 32)	after a successful match (number less than 32)
\Cname call pcre[16]_copy_named_substring() for substring	\Cname call pcre[16\|32]_copy_named_substring() for substring
"name" after a successful match (name termin-	"name" after a successful match (name termin-
ated by next non alphanumeric character)	ated by next non alphanumeric character)
\C+ show the current captured substrings at callout	\C+ show the current captured substrings at callout
Line 480 DATA LINES	Line 603 DATA LINES
reached for the nth time	reached for the nth time
\C*n pass the number n (may be negative) as callout	\C*n pass the number n (may be negative) as callout
data; this is used as the callout return value	data; this is used as the callout return value
\D use the pcre[16]_dfa_exec() match function	\D use the pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec() match function
\F only shortest match for pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\F only shortest match for pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
\Gdd call pcre[16]_get_substring() for substring dd	\Gdd call pcre[16\|32]_get_substring() for substring dd
after a successful match (number less than 32)	after a successful match (number less than 32)
\Gname call pcre[16]_get_named_substring() for substring	\Gname call pcre[16\|32]_get_named_substring() for substring
"name" after a successful match (name termin-	"name" after a successful match (name termin-
ated by next non-alphanumeric character)	ated by next non-alphanumeric character)
\Jdd set up a JIT stack of dd kilobytes maximum (any	\Jdd set up a JIT stack of dd kilobytes maximum (any
number of digits)	number of digits)
\L call pcre[16]_get_substringlist() after a	\L call pcre[16\|32]_get_substringlist() after a
successful match	successful match
\M discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and	\M discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and
MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings	MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings
\N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to pcre[16]_exec()	\N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the
PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART option	PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART option
\Odd set the size of the output vector passed to	\Odd set the size of the output vector passed to
pcre[16]_exec() to dd (any number of digits)	pcre[16\|32]_exec() to dd (any number of digits)
\P pass the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option to pcre[16]_exec()	\P pass the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the
PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD option	PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD option
\Qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION limit to dd	\Qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION limit to dd
(any number of digits)	(any number of digits)
\R pass the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option to pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\R pass the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option to pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
\S output details of memory get/free calls during matching	\S output details of memory get/free calls during matching
\Y pass the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option to pcre[16]_exec()	\Y pass the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option to
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to pcre[16]_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\? pass the PCRE_NO_UTF[8\|16]_CHECK option to	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
pcre[16]_exec() or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\>dd start the match at offset dd (optional "-"; then
	pcre[16\|32]_exec() or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
\>dd start the match at offset dd (optional "-"; then	\>dd start the match at offset dd (optional "-"; then
any number of digits); this sets the startoffset	any number of digits); this sets the startoffset
argument for pcre[16]_exec() or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	argument for pcre[16\|32]_exec() or
\<cr> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CR option to pcre[16]_exec()	pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\<cr> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CR option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\<lf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_LF option to pcre[16]_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\<lf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_LF option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\<crlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF option to pcre[16]_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\<crlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\<anycrlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF option to pcre[16]_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\<anycrlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
\<any> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY option to pcre[16]_exec()	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()
or pcre[16]_dfa_exec()	\<any> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY option to pcre[16\|32]_exec()
	or pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec()

The use of \x{hh...} is not dependent on the use of the /8 modifier on	The use of \x{hh...} is not dependent on the use of the /8 modifier on
the pattern. It is recognized always. There may be any number of hexa-	the pattern. It is recognized always. There may be any number of hexa-
Line 541 DATA LINES	Line 666 DATA LINES
In UTF-16 mode, all 4-digit \x{hhhh} values are accepted. This makes it	In UTF-16 mode, all 4-digit \x{hhhh} values are accepted. This makes it
possible to construct invalid UTF-16 sequences for testing purposes.	possible to construct invalid UTF-16 sequences for testing purposes.

	In UTF-32 mode, all 4- to 8-digit \x{...} values are accepted. This
	makes it possible to construct invalid UTF-32 sequences for testing
	purposes.

The escapes that specify line ending sequences are literal strings,	The escapes that specify line ending sequences are literal strings,
exactly as shown. No more than one newline setting should be present in	exactly as shown. No more than one newline setting should be present in
any data line.	any data line.
Line 555 DATA LINES	Line 684 DATA LINES
mization is not being used. Providing a stack that is larger than the	mization is not being used. Providing a stack that is larger than the
default 32K is necessary only for very complicated patterns.	default 32K is necessary only for very complicated patterns.

If \M is present, pcretest calls pcre[16]_exec() several times, with	If \M is present, pcretest calls pcre[16\|32]_exec() several times, with
different values in the match_limit and match_limit_recursion fields of	different values in the match_limit and match_limit_recursion fields of
the pcre[16]_extra data structure, until it finds the minimum numbers	the pcre[16\|32]_extra data structure, until it finds the minimum num-
for each parameter that allow pcre[16]_exec() to complete without	bers for each parameter that allow pcre[16\|32]_exec() to complete with-
error. Because this is testing a specific feature of the normal inter-	out error. Because this is testing a specific feature of the normal
pretive pcre[16]_exec() execution, the use of any JIT optimization that	interpretive pcre[16\|32]_exec() execution, the use of any JIT optimiza-
might have been set up by the /S+ qualifier of -s+ option is disabled.	tion that might have been set up by the /S+ qualifier of -s+ option is
	disabled.

The match_limit number is a measure of the amount of backtracking that	The match_limit number is a measure of the amount of backtracking that
takes place, and checking it out can be instructive. For most simple	takes place, and checking it out can be instructive. For most simple
matches, the number is quite small, but for patterns with very large	matches, the number is quite small, but for patterns with very large
numbers of matching possibilities, it can become large very quickly	numbers of matching possibilities, it can become large very quickly
with increasing length of subject string. The match_limit_recursion	with increasing length of subject string. The match_limit_recursion
number is a measure of how much stack (or, if PCRE is compiled with	number is a measure of how much stack (or, if PCRE is compiled with
NO_RECURSE, how much heap) memory is needed to complete the match	NO_RECURSE, how much heap) memory is needed to complete the match
attempt.	attempt.

When \O is used, the value specified may be higher or lower than the	When \O is used, the value specified may be higher or lower than the
size set by the -O command line option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies	size set by the -O command line option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies
only to the call of pcre[16]_exec() for the line in which it appears.	only to the call of pcre[16\|32]_exec() for the line in which it
	appears.

If the /P modifier was present on the pattern, causing the POSIX wrap-	If the /P modifier was present on the pattern, causing the POSIX wrap-
per API to be used, the only option-setting sequences that have any	per API to be used, the only option-setting sequences that have any
Line 585 DATA LINES	Line 716 DATA LINES
THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION	THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION

By default, pcretest uses the standard PCRE matching function,	By default, pcretest uses the standard PCRE matching function,
pcre[16]_exec() to match each data line. PCRE also supports an alterna-	pcre[16\|32]_exec() to match each data line. PCRE also supports an
tive matching function, pcre[16]_dfa_test(), which operates in a dif-	alternative matching function, pcre[16\|32]_dfa_test(), which operates
ferent way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the two	in a different way, and has some restrictions. The differences between
functions are described in the pcrematching documentation.	the two functions are described in the pcrematching documentation.

If a data line contains the \D escape sequence, or if the command line	If a data line contains the \D escape sequence, or if the command line
contains the -dfa option, the alternative matching function is used.	contains the -dfa option, the alternative matching function is used.
Line 600 THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION	Line 731 THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION
DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST	DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST

This section describes the output when the normal matching function,	This section describes the output when the normal matching function,
pcre[16]_exec(), is being used.	pcre[16\|32]_exec(), is being used.

When a match succeeds, pcretest outputs the list of captured substrings	When a match succeeds, pcretest outputs the list of captured substrings
that pcre[16]_exec() returns, starting with number 0 for the string	that pcre[16\|32]_exec() returns, starting with number 0 for the string
that matched the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" when	that matched the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" when
the return is PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH, and "Partial match:" followed by the	the return is PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH, and "Partial match:" followed by the
partially matching substring when pcre[16]_exec() returns	partially matching substring when pcre[16\|32]_exec() returns
PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. (Note that this is the entire substring that was	PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. (Note that this is the entire substring that was
inspected during the partial match; it may include characters before	inspected during the partial match; it may include characters before
the actual match start if a lookbehind assertion, \K, \b, or \B was	the actual match start if a lookbehind assertion, \K, \b, or \B was
Line 628 DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST	Line 759 DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST
No match	No match

Unset capturing substrings that are not followed by one that is set are	Unset capturing substrings that are not followed by one that is set are
not returned by pcre[16]_exec(), and are not shown by pcretest. In the	not returned by pcre[16\|32]_exec(), and are not shown by pcretest. In
following example, there are two capturing substrings, but when the	the following example, there are two capturing substrings, but when the
first data line is matched, the second, unset substring is not shown.	first data line is matched, the second, unset substring is not shown.
An "internal" unset substring is shown as "<unset>", as for the second	An "internal" unset substring is shown as "<unset>", as for the second
data line.	data line.
Line 690 DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST	Line 821 DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST

OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION	OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION

When the alternative matching function, pcre[16]_dfa_exec(), is used	When the alternative matching function, pcre[16\|32]_dfa_exec(), is used
(by means of the \D escape sequence or the -dfa command line option),	(by means of the \D escape sequence or the -dfa command line option),
the output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the	the output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the
first point in the subject where there is at least one match. For exam-	first point in the subject where there is at least one match. For exam-
Line 886 SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS	Line 1017 SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS

SEE ALSO	SEE ALSO

pcre(3), pcre16(3), pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrejit, pcrematch-	pcre(3), pcre16(3), pcre32(3), pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrejit,
ing(3), pcrepartial(d), pcrepattern(3), pcreprecompile(3).	pcrematching(3), pcrepartial(d), pcrepattern(3), pcreprecompile(3).


AUTHOR	AUTHOR
Line 899 AUTHOR	Line 1030 AUTHOR

REVISION	REVISION

Last updated: 21 February 2012	Last updated: 26 April 2013
Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge.	Copyright (c) 1997-2013 University of Cambridge.

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