Annotation of embedaddon/php/ext/mbstring/oniguruma/doc/RE, revision 1.1
1.1 ! misho 1: Oniguruma Regular Expressions Version 4.3.0 2006/08/17
! 2:
! 3: syntax: ONIG_SYNTAX_RUBY (default)
! 4:
! 5:
! 6: 1. Syntax elements
! 7:
! 8: \ escape (enable or disable meta character meaning)
! 9: | alternation
! 10: (...) group
! 11: [...] character class
! 12:
! 13:
! 14: 2. Characters
! 15:
! 16: \t horizontal tab (0x09)
! 17: \v vertical tab (0x0B)
! 18: \n newline (0x0A)
! 19: \r return (0x0D)
! 20: \b back space (0x08)
! 21: \f form feed (0x0C)
! 22: \a bell (0x07)
! 23: \e escape (0x1B)
! 24: \nnn octal char (encoded byte value)
! 25: \xHH hexadecimal char (encoded byte value)
! 26: \x{7HHHHHHH} wide hexadecimal char (character code point value)
! 27: \cx control char (character code point value)
! 28: \C-x control char (character code point value)
! 29: \M-x meta (x|0x80) (character code point value)
! 30: \M-\C-x meta control char (character code point value)
! 31:
! 32: (* \b is effective in character class [...] only)
! 33:
! 34:
! 35: 3. Character types
! 36:
! 37: . any character (except newline)
! 38:
! 39: \w word character
! 40:
! 41: Not Unicode:
! 42: alphanumeric, "_" and multibyte char.
! 43:
! 44: Unicode:
! 45: General_Category -- (Letter|Mark|Number|Connector_Punctuation)
! 46:
! 47: \W non word char
! 48:
! 49: \s whitespace char
! 50:
! 51: Not Unicode:
! 52: \t, \n, \v, \f, \r, \x20
! 53:
! 54: Unicode:
! 55: 0009, 000A, 000B, 000C, 000D, 0085(NEL),
! 56: General_Category -- Line_Separator
! 57: -- Paragraph_Separator
! 58: -- Space_Separator
! 59:
! 60: \S non whitespace char
! 61:
! 62: \d decimal digit char
! 63:
! 64: Unicode: General_Category -- Decimal_Number
! 65:
! 66: \D non decimal digit char
! 67:
! 68: \h hexadecimal digit char [0-9a-fA-F]
! 69:
! 70: \H non hexadecimal digit char
! 71:
! 72:
! 73: 4. Quantifier
! 74:
! 75: greedy
! 76:
! 77: ? 1 or 0 times
! 78: * 0 or more times
! 79: + 1 or more times
! 80: {n,m} at least n but not more than m times
! 81: {n,} at least n times
! 82: {,n} at least 0 but not more than n times ({0,n})
! 83: {n} n times
! 84:
! 85: reluctant
! 86:
! 87: ?? 1 or 0 times
! 88: *? 0 or more times
! 89: +? 1 or more times
! 90: {n,m}? at least n but not more than m times
! 91: {n,}? at least n times
! 92: {,n}? at least 0 but not more than n times (== {0,n}?)
! 93:
! 94: possessive (greedy and does not backtrack after repeated)
! 95:
! 96: ?+ 1 or 0 times
! 97: *+ 0 or more times
! 98: ++ 1 or more times
! 99:
! 100: ({n,m}+, {n,}+, {n}+ are possessive op. in ONIG_SYNTAX_JAVA only)
! 101:
! 102: ex. /a*+/ === /(?>a*)/
! 103:
! 104:
! 105: 5. Anchors
! 106:
! 107: ^ beginning of the line
! 108: $ end of the line
! 109: \b word boundary
! 110: \B not word boundary
! 111: \A beginning of string
! 112: \Z end of string, or before newline at the end
! 113: \z end of string
! 114: \G matching start position (*)
! 115:
! 116: * Ruby Regexp:
! 117: previous end-of-match position
! 118: (This specification is not related to this library.)
! 119:
! 120:
! 121: 6. Character class
! 122:
! 123: ^... negative class (lowest precedence operator)
! 124: x-y range from x to y
! 125: [...] set (character class in character class)
! 126: ..&&.. intersection (low precedence at the next of ^)
! 127:
! 128: ex. [a-w&&[^c-g]z] ==> ([a-w] AND ([^c-g] OR z)) ==> [abh-w]
! 129:
! 130: * If you want to use '[', '-', ']' as a normal character
! 131: in a character class, you should escape these characters by '\'.
! 132:
! 133:
! 134: POSIX bracket ([:xxxxx:], negate [:^xxxxx:])
! 135:
! 136: Not Unicode Case:
! 137:
! 138: alnum alphabet or digit char
! 139: alpha alphabet
! 140: ascii code value: [0 - 127]
! 141: blank \t, \x20
! 142: cntrl
! 143: digit 0-9
! 144: graph include all of multibyte encoded characters
! 145: lower
! 146: print include all of multibyte encoded characters
! 147: punct
! 148: space \t, \n, \v, \f, \r, \x20
! 149: upper
! 150: xdigit 0-9, a-f, A-F
! 151:
! 152:
! 153: Unicode Case:
! 154:
! 155: alnum Letter | Mark | Decimal_Number
! 156: alpha Letter | Mark
! 157: ascii 0000 - 007F
! 158: blank Space_Separator | 0009
! 159: cntrl Control | Format | Unassigned | Private_Use | Surrogate
! 160: digit Decimal_Number
! 161: graph [[:^space:]] && ^Control && ^Unassigned && ^Surrogate
! 162: lower Lowercase_Letter
! 163: print [[:graph:]] | [[:space:]]
! 164: punct Connector_Punctuation | Dash_Punctuation | Close_Punctuation |
! 165: Final_Punctuation | Initial_Punctuation | Other_Punctuation |
! 166: Open_Punctuation
! 167: space Space_Separator | Line_Separator | Paragraph_Separator |
! 168: 0009 | 000A | 000B | 000C | 000D | 0085
! 169: upper Uppercase_Letter
! 170: xdigit 0030 - 0039 | 0041 - 0046 | 0061 - 0066
! 171: (0-9, a-f, A-F)
! 172:
! 173:
! 174: 7. Extended groups
! 175:
! 176: (?#...) comment
! 177:
! 178: (?imx-imx) option on/off
! 179: i: ignore case
! 180: m: multi-line (dot(.) match newline)
! 181: x: extended form
! 182: (?imx-imx:subexp) option on/off for subexp
! 183:
! 184: (?:subexp) not captured group
! 185: (subexp) captured group
! 186:
! 187: (?=subexp) look-ahead
! 188: (?!subexp) negative look-ahead
! 189: (?<=subexp) look-behind
! 190: (?<!subexp) negative look-behind
! 191:
! 192: Subexp of look-behind must be fixed character length.
! 193: But different character length is allowed in top level
! 194: alternatives only.
! 195: ex. (?<=a|bc) is OK. (?<=aaa(?:b|cd)) is not allowed.
! 196:
! 197: In negative-look-behind, captured group isn't allowed,
! 198: but shy group(?:) is allowed.
! 199:
! 200: (?>subexp) atomic group
! 201: don't backtrack in subexp.
! 202:
! 203: (?<name>subexp) define named group
! 204: (All characters of the name must be a word character.
! 205: And first character must not be a digit or uppper case)
! 206:
! 207: Not only a name but a number is assigned like a captured
! 208: group.
! 209:
! 210: Assigning the same name as two or more subexps is allowed.
! 211: In this case, a subexp call can not be performed although
! 212: the back reference is possible.
! 213:
! 214:
! 215: 8. Back reference
! 216:
! 217: \n back reference by group number (n >= 1)
! 218: \k<name> back reference by group name
! 219:
! 220: In the back reference by the multiplex definition name,
! 221: a subexp with a large number is referred to preferentially.
! 222: (When not matched, a group of the small number is referred to.)
! 223:
! 224: * Back reference by group number is forbidden if named group is defined
! 225: in the pattern and ONIG_OPTION_CAPTURE_GROUP is not setted.
! 226:
! 227:
! 228: back reference with nest level
! 229:
! 230: (This function is disabled in Ruby 1.9.)
! 231:
! 232: \k<name+n> n: 0, 1, 2, ...
! 233: \k<name-n> n: 0, 1, 2, ...
! 234:
! 235: Destinate relative nest level from back reference position.
! 236:
! 237: ex 1.
! 238:
! 239: /\A(?<a>|.|(?:(?<b>.)\g<a>\k<b+0>))\z/.match("reer")
! 240:
! 241: ex 2.
! 242:
! 243: r = Regexp.compile(<<'__REGEXP__'.strip, Regexp::EXTENDED)
! 244: (?<element> \g<stag> \g<content>* \g<etag> ){0}
! 245: (?<stag> < \g<name> \s* > ){0}
! 246: (?<name> [a-zA-Z_:]+ ){0}
! 247: (?<content> [^<&]+ (\g<element> | [^<&]+)* ){0}
! 248: (?<etag> </ \k<name+1> >){0}
! 249: \g<element>
! 250: __REGEXP__
! 251:
! 252: p r.match('<foo>f<bar>bbb</bar>f</foo>').captures
! 253:
! 254:
! 255:
! 256: 9. Subexp call ("Tanaka Akira special")
! 257:
! 258: \g<name> call by group name
! 259: \g<n> call by group number (n >= 1)
! 260:
! 261: * left-most recursive call is not allowed.
! 262: ex. (?<name>a|\g<name>b) => error
! 263: (?<name>a|b\g<name>c) => OK
! 264:
! 265: * Call by group number is forbidden if named group is defined in the pattern
! 266: and ONIG_OPTION_CAPTURE_GROUP is not setted.
! 267:
! 268: * If the option status of called group is different from calling position
! 269: then the group's option is effective.
! 270:
! 271: ex. (?-i:\g<name>)(?i:(?<name>a)){0} match to "A"
! 272:
! 273:
! 274: 10. Captured group
! 275:
! 276: Behavior of the no-named group (...) changes with the following conditions.
! 277: (But named group is not changed.)
! 278:
! 279: case 1. /.../ (named group is not used, no option)
! 280:
! 281: (...) is treated as a captured group.
! 282:
! 283: case 2. /.../g (named group is not used, 'g' option)
! 284:
! 285: (...) is treated as a no-captured group (?:...).
! 286:
! 287: case 3. /..(?<name>..)../ (named group is used, no option)
! 288:
! 289: (...) is treated as a no-captured group (?:...).
! 290: numbered-backref/call is not allowed.
! 291:
! 292: case 4. /..(?<name>..)../G (named group is used, 'G' option)
! 293:
! 294: (...) is treated as a captured group.
! 295: numbered-backref/call is allowed.
! 296:
! 297: where
! 298: g: ONIG_OPTION_DONT_CAPTURE_GROUP
! 299: G: ONIG_OPTION_CAPTURE_GROUP
! 300:
! 301: ('g' and 'G' options are argued in ruby-dev ML)
! 302:
! 303: These options are not implemented in Ruby level.
! 304:
! 305:
! 306: -----------------------------
! 307: A-1. Syntax depend options
! 308:
! 309: + ONIG_SYNTAX_RUBY
! 310: (?m): dot(.) match newline
! 311:
! 312: + ONIG_SYNTAX_PERL and ONIG_SYNTAX_JAVA
! 313: (?s): dot(.) match newline
! 314: (?m): ^ match after newline, $ match before newline
! 315:
! 316:
! 317: A-2. Original extensions
! 318:
! 319: + hexadecimal digit char type \h, \H
! 320: + named group (?<name>...)
! 321: + named backref \k<name>
! 322: + subexp call \g<name>, \g<group-num>
! 323:
! 324:
! 325: A-3. Lacked features compare with perl 5.8.0
! 326:
! 327: + [:word:]
! 328: + \N{name}
! 329: + \l,\u,\L,\U, \X, \C
! 330: + (?{code})
! 331: + (??{code})
! 332: + (?(condition)yes-pat|no-pat)
! 333:
! 334: * \Q...\E
! 335: This is effective on ONIG_SYNTAX_PERL and ONIG_SYNTAX_JAVA.
! 336:
! 337: * \p{property}, \P{property}
! 338: This is effective on ONIG_SYNTAX_PERL and ONIG_SYNTAX_JAVA.
! 339: Alnum, Alpha, Blank, Cntrl, Digit, Graph, Lower,
! 340: Print, Punct, Space, Upper, XDigit, ASCII are supported.
! 341:
! 342: Prefix 'Is' of property name is allowed in ONIG_SYNTAX_PERL only.
! 343: ex. \p{IsXDigit}.
! 344:
! 345: Negation operator of property is supported in ONIG_SYNTAX_PERL only.
! 346: \p{^...}, \P{^...}
! 347:
! 348:
! 349: A-4. Differences with Japanized GNU regex(version 0.12) of Ruby
! 350:
! 351: + add hexadecimal digit char type (\h, \H)
! 352: + add look-behind
! 353: (?<=fixed-char-length-pattern), (?<!fixed-char-length-pattern)
! 354: + add possessive quantifier. ?+, *+, ++
! 355: + add operations in character class. [], &&
! 356: ('[' must be escaped as an usual char in character class.)
! 357: + add named group and subexp call.
! 358: + octal or hexadecimal number sequence can be treated as
! 359: a multibyte code char in character class if multibyte encoding
! 360: is specified.
! 361: (ex. [\xa1\xa2], [\xa1\xa7-\xa4\xa1])
! 362: + allow the range of single byte char and multibyte char in character
! 363: class.
! 364: ex. /[a-<<any EUC-JP character>>]/ in EUC-JP encoding.
! 365: + effect range of isolated option is to next ')'.
! 366: ex. (?:(?i)a|b) is interpreted as (?:(?i:a|b)), not (?:(?i:a)|b).
! 367: + isolated option is not transparent to previous pattern.
! 368: ex. a(?i)* is a syntax error pattern.
! 369: + allowed incompleted left brace as an usual string.
! 370: ex. /{/, /({)/, /a{2,3/ etc...
! 371: + negative POSIX bracket [:^xxxx:] is supported.
! 372: + POSIX bracket [:ascii:] is added.
! 373: + repeat of look-ahead is not allowed.
! 374: ex. /(?=a)*/, /(?!b){5}/
! 375: + Ignore case option is effective to numbered character.
! 376: ex. /\x61/i =~ "A"
! 377: + In the range quantifier, the number of the minimum is omissible.
! 378: /a{,n}/ == /a{0,n}/
! 379: The simultanious abbreviation of the number of times of the minimum
! 380: and the maximum is not allowed. (/a{,}/)
! 381: + /a{n}?/ is not a non-greedy operator.
! 382: /a{n}?/ == /(?:a{n})?/
! 383: + invalid back reference is checked and cause error.
! 384: /\1/, /(a)\2/
! 385: + Zero-length match in infinite repeat stops the repeat,
! 386: then changes of the capture group status are checked as stop condition.
! 387: /(?:()|())*\1\2/ =~ ""
! 388: /(?:\1a|())*/ =~ "a"
! 389:
! 390:
! 391: A-5. Disabled functions by default syntax
! 392:
! 393: + capture history
! 394:
! 395: (?@...) and (?@<name>...)
! 396:
! 397: ex. /(?@a)*/.match("aaa") ==> [<0-1>, <1-2>, <2-3>]
! 398:
! 399: see sample/listcap.c file.
! 400:
! 401:
! 402: A-6. Problems
! 403:
! 404: + Invalid encoding byte sequence is not checked in UTF-8.
! 405:
! 406: * Invalid first byte is treated as a character.
! 407: /./u =~ "\xa3"
! 408:
! 409: * Incomplete byte sequence is not checked.
! 410: /\w+/ =~ "a\xf3\x8ec"
! 411:
! 412: // END
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