1: Installation Instructions
2: *************************
3:
4: Copyright (C) 1994-1996, 1999-2002, 2004-2011 Free Software Foundation,
5: Inc.
6:
7: Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
8: are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
9: notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
10: without warranty of any kind.
11:
12: Basic Installation
13: ==================
14:
15: Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
16: configure, build, and install this package. The following
17: more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
18: instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this
19: `INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
20: below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
21: necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
22: in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
23:
24: The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
25: various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
26: those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
27: It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
28: definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that
29: you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a
30: file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for
31: debugging `configure').
32:
33: It can also use an optional file (typically called `config.cache'
34: and enabled with `--cache-file=config.cache' or simply `-C') that saves
35: the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring. Caching is
36: disabled by default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale
37: cache files.
38:
39: If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try
40: to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail
41: diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can
42: be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at
43: some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you
44: may remove or edit it.
45:
46: The file `configure.ac' (or `configure.in') is used to create
47: `configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You need `configure.ac' if
48: you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version
49: of `autoconf'.
50:
51: The simplest way to compile this package is:
52:
53: 1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
54: `./configure' to configure the package for your system.
55:
56: Running `configure' might take a while. While running, it prints
57: some messages telling which features it is checking for.
58:
59: 2. Type `make' to compile the package.
60:
61: 3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
62: the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
63:
64: 4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
65: documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
66: recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
67: user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root
68: privileges.
69:
70: 5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
71: this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
72: This target does not install anything. Running this target as a
73: regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required
74: root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
75: correctly.
76:
77: 6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
78: source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the
79: files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
80: a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is
81: also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
82: for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get
83: all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
84: with the distribution.
85:
86: 7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed
87: files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that
88: uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
89: GNU Coding Standards.
90:
91: 8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide `make
92: distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other
93: targets like `make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly.
94: This target is generally not run by end users.
95:
96: Compilers and Options
97: =====================
98:
99: Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
100: the `configure' script does not know about. Run `./configure --help'
101: for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
102:
103: You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters
104: by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here
105: is an example:
106:
107: ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix
108:
109: *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.
110:
111: Compiling For Multiple Architectures
112: ====================================
113:
114: You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
115: same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
116: own directory. To do this, you can use GNU `make'. `cd' to the
117: directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
118: the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the
119: source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. This
120: is known as a "VPATH" build.
121:
122: With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
123: architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have
124: installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
125: reconfiguring for another architecture.
126:
127: On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
128: executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
129: "universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the
130: compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like
131: this:
132:
133: ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
134: CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
135: CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
136:
137: This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
138: may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
139: using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.
140:
141: Installation Names
142: ==================
143:
144: By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
145: `/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc. You
146: can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
147: `configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
148: absolute file name.
149:
150: You can specify separate installation prefixes for
151: architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
152: pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
153: PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
154: Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
155:
156: In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
157: options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
158: kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
159: you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the
160: default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that
161: specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
162: specifications that were not explicitly provided.
163:
164: The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
165: correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or
166: both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
167: `make install' command line to change installation locations without
168: having to reconfigure or recompile.
169:
170: The first method involves providing an override variable for each
171: affected directory. For example, `make install
172: prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
173: directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
174: `${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during `configure',
175: but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install
176: time for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of
177: makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by
178: the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.
179: However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of
180: shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this
181: method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
182:
183: The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable. For
184: example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
185: `/alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of
186: `DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
187: does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand,
188: it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
189: when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'
190: at `configure' time.
191:
192: Optional Features
193: =================
194:
195: If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
196: with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
197: option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
198:
199: Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
200: `configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
201: They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
202: is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The
203: `README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
204: package recognizes.
205:
206: For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
207: find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
208: you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
209: `--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
210:
211: Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
212: execution of `make' will be. For these packages, running `./configure
213: --enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
214: overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure
215: --disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
216: overridden with `make V=0'.
217:
218: Particular systems
219: ==================
220:
221: On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU
222: CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
223: order to use an ANSI C compiler:
224:
225: ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
226:
227: and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
228:
229: HP-UX `make' updates targets which have the same time stamps as
230: their prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped
231: generated files such as `configure' are involved. Use GNU `make'
232: instead.
233:
234: On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
235: parse its `<wchar.h>' header file. The option `-nodtk' can be used as
236: a workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended
237: to try
238:
239: ./configure CC="cc"
240:
241: and if that doesn't work, try
242:
243: ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
244:
245: On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'. This
246: directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
247: these programs are available in `/usr/bin'. So, if you need `/usr/ucb'
248: in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.
249:
250: On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',
251: not `/usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options:
252:
253: ./configure --prefix=/boot/common
254:
255: Specifying the System Type
256: ==========================
257:
258: There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out
259: automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
260: will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
261: _same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
262: a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
263: `--build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system
264: type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
265:
266: CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
267:
268: where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
269:
270: OS
271: KERNEL-OS
272:
273: See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If
274: `config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
275: need to know the machine type.
276:
277: If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should
278: use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will
279: produce code for.
280:
281: If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a
282: platform different from the build platform, you should specify the
283: "host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will
284: eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.
285:
286: Sharing Defaults
287: ================
288:
289: If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,
290: you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives
291: default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
292: `configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
293: `PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the
294: `CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
295: A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.
296:
297: Defining Variables
298: ==================
299:
300: Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the
301: environment passed to `configure'. However, some packages may run
302: configure again during the build, and the customized values of these
303: variables may be lost. In order to avoid this problem, you should set
304: them in the `configure' command line, using `VAR=value'. For example:
305:
306: ./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc
307:
308: causes the specified `gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is
309: overridden in the site shell script).
310:
311: Unfortunately, this technique does not work for `CONFIG_SHELL' due to
312: an Autoconf bug. Until the bug is fixed you can use this workaround:
313:
314: CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash /bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash
315:
316: `configure' Invocation
317: ======================
318:
319: `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
320: operates.
321:
322: `--help'
323: `-h'
324: Print a summary of all of the options to `configure', and exit.
325:
326: `--help=short'
327: `--help=recursive'
328: Print a summary of the options unique to this package's
329: `configure', and exit. The `short' variant lists options used
330: only in the top level, while the `recursive' variant lists options
331: also present in any nested packages.
332:
333: `--version'
334: `-V'
335: Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
336: script, and exit.
337:
338: `--cache-file=FILE'
339: Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE,
340: traditionally `config.cache'. FILE defaults to `/dev/null' to
341: disable caching.
342:
343: `--config-cache'
344: `-C'
345: Alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'.
346:
347: `--quiet'
348: `--silent'
349: `-q'
350: Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To
351: suppress all normal output, redirect it to `/dev/null' (any error
352: messages will still be shown).
353:
354: `--srcdir=DIR'
355: Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
356: `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
357:
358: `--prefix=DIR'
359: Use DIR as the installation prefix. *note Installation Names::
360: for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning
361: the installation locations.
362:
363: `--no-create'
364: `-n'
365: Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
366: files.
367:
368: `configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run
369: `configure --help' for more details.
370:
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