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    1: @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
    2: @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
    3: 
    4: @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
    5: @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
    6: 
    7: @display
    8: Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    9: @uref{http://fsf.org/}
   10: 
   11: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
   12: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
   13: @end display
   14: 
   15: @enumerate 0
   16: @item
   17: PREAMBLE
   18: 
   19: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
   20: functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
   21: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
   22: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
   23: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
   24: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
   25: for modifications made by others.
   26: 
   27: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
   28: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
   29: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
   30: license designed for free software.
   31: 
   32: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
   33: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
   34: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
   35: software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
   36: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
   37: whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
   38: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
   39: 
   40: @item
   41: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
   42: 
   43: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
   44: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
   45: distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
   46: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
   47: work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
   48: refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
   49: licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
   50: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
   51: under copyright law.
   52: 
   53: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
   54: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
   55: modifications and/or translated into another language.
   56: 
   57: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
   58: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
   59: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
   60: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
   61: directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in
   62: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
   63: any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
   64: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
   65: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
   66: them.
   67: 
   68: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
   69: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
   70: that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
   71: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
   72: allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
   73: Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
   74: Sections then there are none.
   75: 
   76: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
   77: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
   78: the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
   79: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
   80: 
   81: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
   82: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
   83: general public, that is suitable for revising the document
   84: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
   85: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
   86: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
   87: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
   88: to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
   89: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
   90: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
   91: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
   92: of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
   93: 
   94: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
   95: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
   96: format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
   97: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
   98: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
   99: of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
  100: @acronym{JPG}.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
  101: read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
  102: @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
  103: not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
  104: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
  105: output purposes only.
  106: 
  107: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
  108: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
  109: this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
  110: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
  111: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
  112: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
  113: 
  114: The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
  115: of the Document to the public.
  116: 
  117: A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
  118: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
  119: text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
  120: specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
  121: ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
  122: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
  123: section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
  124: 
  125: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
  126: states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
  127: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
  128: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
  129: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
  130: no effect on the meaning of this License.
  131: 
  132: @item
  133: VERBATIM COPYING
  134: 
  135: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  136: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  137: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
  138: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
  139: conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
  140: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
  141: copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
  142: compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
  143: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  144: 
  145: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
  146: you may publicly display copies.
  147: 
  148: @item
  149: COPYING IN QUANTITY
  150: 
  151: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
  152: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  153: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
  154: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
  155: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
  156: the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
  157: you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
  158: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
  159: visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  160: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
  161: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
  162: as verbatim copying in other respects.
  163: 
  164: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  165: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  166: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  167: pages.
  168: 
  169: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
  170: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
  171: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
  172: a computer-network location from which the general network-using
  173: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
  174: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
  175: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
  176: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
  177: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
  178: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
  179: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
  180: edition to the public.
  181: 
  182: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  183: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  184: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  185: 
  186: @item
  187: MODIFICATIONS
  188: 
  189: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  190: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  191: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  192: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  193: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  194: of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  195: 
  196: @enumerate A
  197: @item
  198: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  199: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  200: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  201: of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
  202: if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
  203: 
  204: @item
  205: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  206: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  207: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  208: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
  209: unless they release you from this requirement.
  210: 
  211: @item
  212: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  213: Modified Version, as the publisher.
  214: 
  215: @item
  216: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  217: 
  218: @item
  219: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  220: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  221: 
  222: @item
  223: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  224: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  225: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  226: 
  227: @item
  228: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  229: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  230: 
  231: @item
  232: Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  233: 
  234: @item
  235: Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
  236: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  237: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
  238: there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
  239: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  240: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  241: Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  242: 
  243: @item
  244: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  245: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  246: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  247: it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
  248: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  249: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  250: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  251: 
  252: @item
  253: For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
  254: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
  255: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
  256: dedications given therein.
  257: 
  258: @item
  259: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  260: unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
  261: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
  262: 
  263: @item
  264: Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
  265: may not be included in the Modified Version.
  266: 
  267: @item
  268: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
  269: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  270: 
  271: @item
  272: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  273: @end enumerate
  274: 
  275: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  276: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  277: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  278: of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
  279: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  280: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
  281: 
  282: You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
  283: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  284: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  285: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  286: standard.
  287: 
  288: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  289: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  290: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
  291: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
  292: through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
  293: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
  294: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
  295: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  296: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  297: 
  298: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  299: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  300: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  301: 
  302: @item
  303: COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  304: 
  305: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  306: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  307: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  308: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  309: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  310: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  311: 
  312: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  313: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  314: copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  315: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  316: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  317: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  318: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  319: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
  320: 
  321: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
  322: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
  323: ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
  324: and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
  325: sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
  326: 
  327: @item
  328: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  329: 
  330: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  331: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  332: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
  333: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
  334: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  335: 
  336: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
  337: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
  338: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
  339: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  340: 
  341: @item
  342: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  343: 
  344: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  345: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  346: distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
  347: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
  348: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
  349: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
  350: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
  351: derivative works of the Document.
  352: 
  353: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  354: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
  355: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
  356: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
  357: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
  358: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
  359: aggregate.
  360: 
  361: @item
  362: TRANSLATION
  363: 
  364: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  365: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  366: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  367: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  368: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  369: original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
  370: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
  371: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
  372: the original English version of this License and the original versions
  373: of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
  374: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
  375: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  376: 
  377: If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
  378: ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
  379: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
  380: title.
  381: 
  382: @item
  383: TERMINATION
  384: 
  385: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
  386: except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
  387: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
  388: will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
  389: 
  390: However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
  391: from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
  392: unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
  393: terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
  394: fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
  395: 60 days after the cessation.
  396: 
  397: Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
  398: reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
  399: violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
  400: received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
  401: copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
  402: your receipt of the notice.
  403: 
  404: Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
  405: licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
  406: this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
  407: reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
  408: not give you any rights to use it.
  409: 
  410: @item
  411: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  412: 
  413: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
  414: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
  415: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
  416: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
  417: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
  418: 
  419: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  420: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  421: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
  422: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  423: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  424: Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
  425: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  426: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
  427: specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
  428: License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
  429: version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
  430: Document.
  431: 
  432: @item
  433: RELICENSING
  434: 
  435: ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
  436: World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
  437: provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
  438: public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
  439: ``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
  440: site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
  441: site.
  442: 
  443: ``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
  444: license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
  445: corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
  446: California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
  447: published by that same organization.
  448: 
  449: ``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
  450: in part, as part of another Document.
  451: 
  452: An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
  453: License, and if all works that were first published under this License
  454: somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
  455: or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
  456: and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
  457: 
  458: The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
  459: under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
  460: provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
  461: 
  462: @end enumerate
  463: 
  464: @page
  465: @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  466: 
  467: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  468: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  469: license notices just after the title page:
  470: 
  471: @smallexample
  472: @group
  473:   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
  474:   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  475:   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  476:   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  477:   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  478:   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  479:   Free Documentation License''.
  480: @end group
  481: @end smallexample
  482: 
  483: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
  484: replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
  485: 
  486: @smallexample
  487: @group
  488:     with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
  489:     the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
  490:     being @var{list}.
  491: @end group
  492: @end smallexample
  493: 
  494: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  495: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  496: situation.
  497: 
  498: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  499: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  500: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
  501: to permit their use in free software.
  502: 
  503: @c Local Variables:
  504: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
  505: @c End:
  506: