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Wed Jul 30 08:16:46 2014 UTC (9 years, 11 months ago) by misho
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CVS tags: v6_3p10_cross, v6_3p10, v6_3, p6, HEAD

readline 6.3

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ó5History–¦fProgramming“Example‘£‘é˜é:Ž–ÝÛ‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž“‘é˜:Ž‘ 'Qá10ŽŸ33‘Gë\Apps3endix‘ffAŽ‘|(·GNU–ffF‘þ¦free“Dos3cumenŒÌtation“LicenseŽŸ‘4‹w‘32ëc:Ž–Q‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ Ë3ë\12Ž¤ ÿ‘GApps3endix‘ffBŽ‘|(·Concept‘ffIndex‘¡[‘32ëc:Ž–Q‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘ XÃë\20Ž¡‘GApps3endix‘ffCŽ‘|(·F›þ¦function–ffand“V˜ariable“Index‘âA‘32ëc:Ž–Q‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž“‘32:Ž‘™©ë\21ŽŽŒ‹»Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝUsing“History“In•²!teractiv“ely’òcä1ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘GëS1‘ 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expansion“takš²!es“place“in“t˜w˜o“parts.‘ÉThe“rst“is“to“determine“whic˜h“line“fromŽ¡‘Gthe–÷§history“list›÷¦should“bMÞe“used“during˜substitution.‘Ñ The˜second“is“to“select˜pMÞortions“ofŽ¡‘Gthat–¬line“for‘¬inclusion“inš²!to“the“curren˜t“one.‘î¸The“line“selected“from“the‘¬history“is“called“theŽ¡‘Gó:p®0J ó3 cmsl10åev•²!en“tá,‘Wðand–DSthe“pMÞortions›DRof“that“line“that˜are“acted“upMÞon“are˜called“åw²!ordsá.‘½,V‘ÿearious“åmoMÞdiersŽ¡‘Gáare–õ-aš²!v‘ÿdDailable“to“manipulate“the“selected“w˜ords.‘Ê3The“line“is“brok˜en“in˜to“w˜ords“in“the“sameŽ¡‘Gfashion–¼Ëthat›¼ÊBash“doMÞes,‘ëƒso˜that“sev•²!eral˜w“ords‘¼Ësurrounded˜b“y–¼Ëquotes˜are“considered˜one“w²!ord.Ž¡‘GHistory–kãexpansions‘kâare“inš²!troMÞduced“b˜y›kâthe“appMÞearance˜of“the“history˜expansion“c²!haracter,Ž¡‘Gwhicš²!h–¦fis“`â!á'“b˜y“default.ŽŸ¹"‘GóeÂÖN #×cmbx12ëe1.1.1‘d(Ev•–áen“t‘íMDesignatorsŽŽŸ³3‘GáAn›ï€ev•²!en“t˜designator–ïis˜a˜reference˜to“a˜command˜line˜en²!try˜in“the˜history˜list.‘¹,Unless˜theŽ¡‘Greference–¦fis“absolute,“ev•²!en“ts–¦fare“relativš²!e“to“the“curren˜t“pMÞosition“in“the“history“list.ŽŸHç‘Gâ!‘4IáStart–ña“history›ðsubstitution,‘Texcept“when˜follo•²!w“ed›ñb“y˜a˜space,–Stab,“the˜end˜ofŽ¡‘Kâ:the–¦fline,“or“`â=á'.Ž¤ìV‘Gâ!ó=ßê<x ó3 cmsltt10èn‘.QŸáRefer–¦fto“command“line“åná.Ž©ìU‘Gâ!-èn‘(‘õáRefer–¦fto“the“command“ån“álines“bac²!k.Ž¡‘Gâ!!‘.QŸáRefer–¦fto“the“previous“command.‘ÝÝThis“is“a“synon²!ym“for“`â!-1á'.Ž¦‘Gâ!èstring‘“MáRefer–ÿto›þthe“most“recen²!t“command“preceding˜the“curren²!t“pMÞosition˜in“the“historyŽ© 33‘Kâ:list–¦fstarting“with“åstringá.Ž¡‘Gâ!?èstringâ[?]Ž¦‘Kâ:áRefer–ÿto›þthe“most“recen²!t“command“preceding˜the“curren²!t“pMÞosition˜in“the“historyŽ¦‘Kâ:list›Ò/con²!taining–Ò0åstringá.‘a9The“trailing˜`â?á'“ma²!y˜bMÞe“omitted˜if“the˜åstring‘ÂHáis˜follo•²!w“edŽ¦‘Kâ:immediately–¦fb²!y“a“newline.ŽŸìU‘Gâ^èstring1â^èstring2â^Ž¦‘Kâ:áQuic²!k–ÐHSubstitution.‘[‚RepMÞeat“the“last“command,‘ÚÀreplacing“åstring1‘¯áwith“åstring2á.Ž¦‘Kâ:Equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t–¦fto“â!!:s/èstring1â/èstring2â/á.Ž¡‘Gâ!#‘.QŸáThe–¦fenš²!tire“command“line“t˜ypMÞed“so“far.ŽŽŒ‹!hŸò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝUsing“History“In•²!teractiv“ely’òcä2ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gëe1.1.2‘d(W‘þÄ£ord‘íMDesignatorsŽŽŸ³3‘GáW‘ÿeord–A[designators“are“used“to“select“desired‘AZwš²!ords“from“the“ev˜en˜t.‘¼/A‘AA`â:á'“separates“the“ev˜en˜tŽ¤ 33‘GspMÞecication–m6from“the“wš²!ord“designator.‘2MIt“ma˜y“bMÞe“omitted“if“the“w˜ord“designator“bMÞeginsŽ¡‘Gwith›•<a‘•=`â^á',–˜«`â$á',“`â*á',“`â-á',“or˜`â%á'.‘Ø$W‘ÿeords‘•=are˜n•²!um“b•MÞered˜from‘•=the˜b“eginning˜of˜the‘•=line,‘˜«with˜theŽ¡‘Grst–…Awš²!ord“bMÞeing‘…@denoted“b˜y“0“(zero).‘ÒÑW‘ÿeords‘…@are“inserted“in˜to“the“curren˜t‘…@line“separated“b˜yŽ¡‘Gsingle‘¦fspaces.ŽŸ‘!GF‘ÿeor‘¦fexample,Ž©”'‘Gâ!!‘.QŸádesignates–P;the“preceding“command.‘Û]When“yš²!ou“t˜ypMÞe“this,‘z±the“preceding“com-Ž¡‘Kâ:mand–¦fis“repMÞeated“in“toto.ŽŸ‘Gâ!!:$‘"ÒKádesignates–¯_the“last“argumenš²!t‘¯^of“the“preceding“command.‘‹…This“ma˜y“bMÞe“shortenedŽ¡‘Kâ:to‘¦fâ!$á.ŽŸ€‘Gâ!fi:2‘¡ádesignates–„Œthe›„second“argumen²!t“of“the˜most“recen²!t“command“starting˜with“theŽ¡‘Kâ:letters‘¦fâfiá.ŽŸ”(‘!GHere–¦fare“the“w²!ord“designators:Ž¦‘Gâ0–¦f(zero)‘ ìçáThe“â0áth“wš²!ord.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“man˜y“applications,“this“is“the“command“w˜ord.Ž¤‘Gèn‘4IáThe–¦fånáth“w²!ord.Ž©€‘Gâ^‘4IáThe–¦frst“argumenš²!t;“that“is,“w˜ord“1.Ž¡‘Gâ$‘4IáThe–¦flast“argumen²!t.Ž¡‘Gâ%‘4IáThe–¦fwš²!ord“matc˜hed“b˜y“the“most“recen˜t“`â?èstringâ?á'“searc˜h.Ž¦‘Gèxâ-èy‘(‘õáA–¦frange“of“w²!ords;“`â-èyá'“abbreviates“`â0-èyá'.Ž¡‘Gâ*‘4IáAll–Rìof“the“w²!ords,‘cžexcept“the›Ríâ0áth.‘Â This“is˜a“synon²!ym“for“`â1-$á'.‘Â It“is“not“an“errorŽ¤ 33‘Kâ:to–˜use›—`â*á'“if˜there“is˜just“one˜w²!ord“in˜the“ev•²!en“t;‘—1the‘˜empt“y˜string–˜is˜returned“inŽ¡‘Kâ:that‘¦fcase.Ž¦‘Gèxâ*‘.QŸáAbbreviates‘¦f`èxâ-$á'ŽŸ‘Gèxâ-‘.QŸáAbbreviates–¦f`èxâ-$á'“likš²!e“`èxâ*á',“but“omits“the“last“w˜ord.ŽŸ”'‘!GIf–[a›Zw²!ord“designator˜is“supplied“without˜an“ev•²!en“t˜spMÞecication,‘-Xthe˜previous‘[commandŽ¡‘Gis–¦fused“as“the“ev•²!en“t.ŽŸëN‘Gëe1.1.3‘d(MoidiersŽŽŸ³3‘GáAfter–n´the“optional“wš²!ord“designator,‘y×y˜ou“can“add“a“sequence“of“one“or“more“of“the“follo˜wingŽ¡‘GmoMÞdiers,–¦feacš²!h“preceded“b˜y“a“`â:á'.ŽŸ”(‘Gâh‘4IáRemo•²!v“e–¦fa“trailing“pathname“compMÞonenš²!t,“lea˜ving“only“the“head.Ž¦‘Gât‘4IáRemo•²!v“e–¦fall“leading“pathname“compMÞonenš²!ts,“lea˜ving“the“tail.Ž¤‘Gâr‘4IáRemo•²!v“e–¦fa“trailing“sux“of“the“form“`â.èsuffixá',“lea²!ving“the“basename.Ž¦‘Gâe‘4IáRemo•²!v“e–¦fall“but“the“trailing“sux.Ž¡‘Gâp‘4IáPrin²!t–¦fthe“new“command“but“do“not“execute“it.ŽŽŒ‹.¢Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f1:‘ÝÝUsing“History“In•²!teractiv“ely’òcä3ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gâs/èoldâ/ènewâ/Ž¤ 33‘Kâ:áSubstitute–êånew‘Ú–áfor“the“rst“oMÞccurrence›ê~of“åold‘XÑáin“the˜ev•²!en“t›êline.‘ª'An“y˜delimiterŽ¡‘Kâ:ma²!y–ùèbMÞe›ùéused“in˜place“of“`â/á'.‘¤^The˜delimiter“ma²!y“bMÞe˜quoted“in“åold‘h;áand“ånew‘êáwith“aŽ¡‘Kâ:single–`‘bac²!kslash.‘Æ–If›``â&á'“appMÞears˜in“ånewá,‘nˆit“is˜replaced“bš²!y“åoldá.‘Æ•A‘`single“bac˜kslashŽ¡‘Kâ:will–)ñquote›)ðthe“`â&á'.‘h}The“nal“delimiter˜is“optional“if˜it“is“the“last˜c²!haracter“onŽ¡‘Kâ:the–¦finput“line.Ž¤33‘Gâ&‘4IáRepMÞeat–¦fthe“previous“substitution.Ž¡‘GâgŽ¤ 33‘Ga‘4IáCause–¤®cš²!hanges“to“bMÞe“applied“o˜v˜er“the‘¤¯en˜tire“ev˜en˜t“line.‘ØµUsed“in“conjunctionŽ¡‘Kâ:with–¦f`âsá',“as“in“âgs/èoldâ/ènewâ/á,“or“with“`â&á'.ŽŸ33‘GâG‘4IáApply–¦fthe“folloš²!wing“`âsá'“moMÞdier“once“to“eac˜h“w˜ord“in“the“ev˜en˜t.ŽŽŒ‹9,Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ4ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘GëS2‘ ¸QProgramming–z³with“GNU“HistoryŽŽŸúQ‘GáThis–¾cš²!hapter‘½describMÞes“ho˜w“to‘½in˜terface“programs“that“y˜ou›½write“with“the˜çgnu“áHistoryŽ¤ 33‘GLibrary›ÿe.‘¿3It–ñƒshould“bMÞe“considered“a“tec²!hnical‘ñ‚guide.‘¿4F˜or“information“on‘ñ‚the“in•²!teractiv“e‘ñƒuseŽ¡‘Gof–¦fçgnu“áHistory‘ÿe,“see“Chapter“1“[Using“History“In•²!teractiv“ely],–¦fpage“1.ŽŸ‚Ù‘Gë\2.1‘™InŒÌtros3duction–f@to“HistoryŽŽŸ33‘GáMan²!y–¥@programs“read›¥?input“from“the“user˜a“line“at“a˜time.‘Ý{The“çgnu“áHistory˜library“is“ableŽ¡‘Gto–t”kš²!eep“trac˜k“of“those“lines,‘~‹assoMÞciate‘t“arbitrary“data“with“eac˜h“line,‘~‹and“utilize“informationŽ¡‘Gfrom–¦fprevious“lines“in“compMÞosing“new“ones.Ž©ô ‘!GThe–Mprogrammer›Musing“the˜History“library˜has“a²!v‘ÿdDailable˜functions“for˜remem²!bMÞering“linesŽ¡‘Gon–zGa›zHhistory“list,‘¶MassoMÞciating˜arbitrary“data“with˜a“line,‘¶Mremo²!ving˜lines“from“the˜list,‘¶Msearc²!hingŽ¡‘Gthrough–<‚the“list›<for“a“line“con²!taining“an“arbitrary˜text“string,‘b and“referencing˜an²!y“line“inŽ¡‘Gthe–°ïlist“directly‘ÿe.‘ýxIn“addition,‘³‘a“history“åexpansion‘°îáfunction“is“aš²!v‘ÿdDailable“whic˜h“pro˜vides“for“aŽ¡‘Gconsistenš²!t–¦fuser“in˜terface“across“dieren˜t“programs.ŽŸôŸ‘!GThe–Yuser›YŽusing“programs“written“with˜the“History“library˜has“the“bMÞenet“of˜a“consisten²!tŽ¡‘Guser–°Vin²!terface›°Uwith“a˜set“of“w•²!ell-kno“wn˜commands–°Vfor“manipulating˜the“text˜of“previousŽ¡‘Glines–OCand“using“that“text“in“new“commands.‘ÀÑThe“basic“history“manipulation“commands“areŽ¡‘Gsimilar–¦fto“the“history“substitution“proš²!vided“b˜y“âcshá.Ž¦‘!GIf–Œöthe›Œõprogrammer“desires,‘’he“can“use˜the“Readline“library‘ÿe,‘’whic²!h“includes˜some“historyŽ¡‘Gmanipulation–¦fbš²!y“default,“and“has“the“added“adv‘ÿdDan˜tage“of“command“line“editing.ŽŸôŸ‘!GBefore–’¶declaring“anš²!y‘’·functions“using“an˜y“functionalit˜y“the“History‘’·library“pro˜vides“inŽ¡‘Gother–rJcoMÞde,‘|µan“application›rIwriter“should“include˜the“le˜â<readline/history.h>“áin˜an²!y“leŽ¡‘Gthat–ß?uses›ß>the“History˜library's“features.‘›{It˜supplies“extern˜declarations“for˜all“of˜the“library'sŽ¡‘Gpublic–¦ffunctions“and“v‘ÿdDariables,“and“declares“all“of“the“public“data“structures.ŽŸ‚Ù‘Gë\2.2‘™History‘f@StorageŽŽŸ33‘GáThe–¦fhistory“list“is“an“arraš²!y“of“history“en˜tries.‘ÝÝA“history“en˜try“is“declared“as“follo˜ws:Ž¦‘.ùœâtypedef–¿ªvoid“*histdata_t;ŽŸff‘.ùœtypedef–¿ªstruct“_hist_entry“{Ž¡‘:xðchar‘¿ª*line;Ž¡‘:xðchar‘¿ª*timestamp;Ž¡‘:xðhistdata_t‘¿ªdata;Ž¡‘.ùœ}‘¿ªHIST_ENTRY;Ž¤ôŸ‘!GáThe–¦fhistory“list“itself“migh²!t“therefore“bMÞe“declared“asŽ¦‘.ùœâHIST_ENTRY‘¿ª**the_history_list;Ž¡‘!GáThe–¦fstate“of“the“History“library“is“encapsulated“in²!to“a“single“structure:Ž¦‘.ùœâ/*Ž¤ 33‘4¹F*–¿ªA“structure“used“to“pass“around“the“current“state“of“the“history.Ž¡‘4¹F*/Ž¡‘.ùœtypedef–¿ªstruct“_hist_state“{Ž¡‘:xðHIST_ENTRY–¿ª**entries;“/*“Pointer“to“the“entries“themselves.“*/Ž¡‘:xðint–¿ªoffset;‘?<N/*“The“location“pointer“within“this“array.“*/ŽŽŒ‹<óŸò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ5ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘:xðâint–¿ªlength;‘?<N/*“Number“of“elements“within“this“array.“*/Ž¤ 33‘:xðint–¿ªsize;‘J»¢/*“Number“of“slots“allocated“to“this“array.“*/Ž¡‘:xðint‘¿ªflags;Ž¡‘.ùœ}‘¿ªHISTORY_STATE;ŽŸy"‘!GáIf–¦fthe“ ags“mem²!bšMÞer“includes“âHS_STIFLEDá,“the“history“has“b˜een“sti ed.ŽŸhæ‘Gë\2.3‘™History‘f@F‘þ¦functionsŽŽŸ33‘GáThis–section“describMÞes›Žthe“calling“sequence“for˜the“v‘ÿdDarious“functions“expMÞorted˜b²!y“the“çgnuŽ¡‘GáHistory‘¦flibrary‘ÿe.ŽŸEï‘Gëe2.3.1‘d(Initializing–íMHistory“and“State“Managemen–átŽŽŸ³3‘GáThis–¤Qsection“describMÞes“functions›¤Rused“to“initialize“and“manage“the“state˜of“the“History“libraryŽ¡‘Gwhen–¦fyš²!ou“w˜an˜t“to“use“the“history“functions“in“y˜our“program.Ž©¿’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gó@ßê<x cmtt10ë@void‘LÉusing_history‘yšó;m#½R ó3 cmss10æ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáBegin–Êùa›Êøsession“in˜whic²!h“the˜history“functions˜migh²!t“bMÞe˜used.‘K•This˜initializes“theŽ¡‘.ùœin•²!teractiv“e‘¦fv‘ÿdDariables.ŽŸ¿’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HISTORY_STATE–LÉ*“history_get_history_state‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–¦fa“structure“describing“the“curren²!t“state“of“the“input“history‘ÿe.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@void‘LÉhistory_set_history_state‘yšæ(åHISTOR–ÿeY‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ‘ÑtST“A“TE‘¦f*stateæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSet–¦fthe“state“of“the“history“list“according“to“åstateá.ŽŸEï‘Gëe2.3.2‘d(History–íMList“Managemen–átŽŽŸ³3‘GáThese–×Ufunctions›×Vmanage“individual“en²!tries“on˜the“history“list,‘ã‘or“set˜parameters“managingŽ¡‘Gthe–¦flist“itself.ŽŸ¿’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@void‘LÉadd_history‘yšæ(åconst–¦fc²!har“*stringæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáPlace–™ååstring‘‰üáat“the›™äend“of˜the“history˜list.‘Ù²The˜assoMÞciated“data˜eld“(if˜an²!y)“is˜set“toŽ¡‘.ùœâNULLá.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@void‘LÉadd_history_time‘yšæ(åconst–¦fc²!har“*stringæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáChange–¦fthe“time“stamp“assoMÞciated“with“the“most“recenš²!t“history“en˜try“to“åstringá.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“remove_history‘yšæ(åin•²!t‘¦fwhic“hæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáRemo•²!v“e–xDhistory“enš²!try“at“oset“åwhic˜h“áfrom‘xEthe“history‘ÿe.‘ SwThe“remo˜v˜ed“elemen˜t“isŽ¡‘.ùœreturned–¦fso“yš²!ou“can“free“the“line,“data,“and“con˜taining“structure.ŽŸ¿’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@histdata_t‘LÉfree_history_entry‘yšæ(åHIST‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ‘ÑtENTR‘ÿeY‘¦f*histen²!tæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáF‘ÿeree–[üthe“history“enš²!try“åhisten˜t‘˜üáand“an˜y‘[ýhistory“library“priv‘ÿdDate“data“assoMÞciated“with“it.Ž¡‘.ùœReturns–¦fthe“application-spšMÞecic“data“so“the“caller“can“disp˜ose“of“it.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“replace_history_entry‘yšæ(åin•²!t›¦fwhic“h,˜const˜c“har˜*line,Ž¡‘DGhistdata‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ‘Ñtt‘¦fdataæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáMakš²!e–PÍthe“history“en˜try“at“oset“åwhic˜h“áha˜v˜e“åline‘íÔáand‘PÌådataá.‘ÁUThis“returns“the“old“en˜tryŽ¡‘.ùœso–u the“caller“can“dispšMÞose“of“an²!y“application-sp˜ecic“data.‘IÉIn“the“case“of“an“in²!v‘ÿdDalidŽ¡‘.ùœåwhicš²!há,–¦fa“âNULL“ápMÞoin˜ter“is“returned.ŽŽŒ‹I”Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ6ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@void‘LÉclear_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¤ 33‘.ùœáClear–¦fthe“history“list“bš²!y“deleting“all“the“en˜tries.Ž©fg’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@void‘LÉstifle_history‘yšæ(åin²!t‘¦fmaxæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSti e–¦fthe“history“list,“rememš²!bMÞering“only“the“last“åmax‘gÅáen˜tries.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉunstifle_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáStop–H¨sti ing“the“history‘ÿe.‘¾žThis“returns“the“previously-set“maximš²!um“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“historyŽ¡‘.ùœenš²!tries–7 (as‘7set“b˜y“âstifle_history()á).‘¸ÀThe“v‘ÿdDalue‘7is“pMÞositiv˜e›7if“the“history˜w²!as“sti ed,Ž¡‘.ùœnegativš²!e–¦fif“it“w˜asn't.ŽŸff’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_is_stifled‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturns–¦fnon-zero“if“the“history“is“sti ed,“zero“if“it“is“not.ŽŸš‘Gëe2.3.3‘d(Information–íMAbiout“the“History“ListŽŽŸ³3‘GáThese–¦ffunctions“return“information“abMÞout“the“enš²!tire“history“list“or“individual“list“en˜tries.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ**“history_list‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–©ha“âNULL“áterminated“arraš²!y“of‘©iâHIST_ENTRY‘¦f*“áwhic˜h“is“the“curren˜t“input“history‘ÿe.Ž¡‘.ùœElemen²!t–¦f0“of“this“list“is“the“bMÞeginning“of“time.‘ÝÝIf“there“is“no“history‘ÿe,“return“âNULLá.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉwhere_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturns–¦fthe“oset“of“the“currenš²!t“history“elemen˜t.ŽŸff’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“current_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–ûûthe“history“enš²!try‘ûüat“the“curren˜t“pMÞosition,‘as“determined“b˜y“âwhere_history()á.Ž¡‘.ùœIf–¦fthere“is“no“enš²!try“there,“return“a“âNULL“ápMÞoin˜ter.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“history_get‘yšæ(åin²!t‘¦fosetæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–þÕthe›þÔhistory“en²!try“at˜pMÞosition“åosetá,‘Tïstarting“from“âhistory_base˜á(see“Sec-Ž¡‘.ùœtion–ØÏ2.4“[History›ØÐV‘ÿeariables],‘åipage“8).‘uIf“there“is“no˜en²!try“there,‘åior“if˜åoset‘Ïáis“greaterŽ¡‘.ùœthan–¦fthe“history“length,“return“a“âNULL“ápMÞoin²!ter.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@time_t‘LÉhistory_get_time‘yšæ(åHIST‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ‘ÑtENTR‘ÿeY‘¦f*en²!tryæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–¦fthe“time“stamp“assoMÞciated“with“the“history“enš²!try“åen˜tryá.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_total_bytes‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn›PHthe‘PIn•²!um“bMÞer˜of˜b“ytes˜that–PIthe˜primary˜history“en²!tries˜are˜using.‘Á)This˜functionŽ¡‘.ùœreturns–¦fthe“sum“of“the“lengths“of“all“the“lines“in“the“history‘ÿe.ŽŸš‘Gëe2.3.4‘d(Mo–áving–íMAround“the“History“ListŽŽŸ³3‘GáThese–¦ffunctions“alloš²!w“the“curren˜t“index“in˜to“the“history“list“to“bMÞe“set“or“c˜hanged.ŽŸff’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_set_pos‘yšæ(åin²!t‘¦fpMÞosæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSet–fthe›fcurren²!t“history˜oset“to“åpMÞosá,‘•ûan“absolute˜index“in²!to˜the“list.‘ÜReturns˜1“onŽ¡‘.ùœsuccess,–¦f0“if“åpšMÞos‘èáis“less“than“zero“or“greater“than“the“n•²!um“b˜er–¦fof“history“en²!tries.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“previous_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáBacš²!k–u¦up‘u¥the“curren˜t“history›u¥oset“to˜the“previous“history˜en²!try‘ÿe,‘fand“return˜a“pMÞoin²!terŽ¡‘.ùœto–¦fthat“enš²!try‘ÿe.‘ÝÝIf“there“is“no“previous“en˜try‘ÿe,“return“a“âNULL“ápMÞoin˜ter.ŽŽŒ‹UÎŸò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ7ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@HIST_ENTRY–LÉ*“next_history‘yšæ(åv²!oidæ)Ž¤ 33‘.ùœáMo•²!v“e–E1the“currenš²!t‘E2history“oset“forw˜ard“to‘E2the“next“history“en˜try‘ÿe,‘läand‘E2return“the“aŽ¡‘.ùœpMÞoinš²!ter–¦fto“that“en˜try‘ÿe.‘ÝÝIf“there“is“no“next“en˜try‘ÿe,“return“a“âNULL“ápMÞoin˜ter.ŽŸŽ¡‘Gëe2.3.5‘d(Searc–áhing–íMthe“History“ListŽŽŸ³3‘GáThese–]functions“alloš²!w“searc˜hing“of“the“history“list“for“en˜tries“con˜taining“a“spMÞecic“string.Ž¡‘GSearc•²!hing›LØma“y‘L×b•MÞe˜p“erformed‘L×b“oth˜forw•²!ard‘L×and˜bac“kw“ard˜from‘L×the˜curren“t‘L×history˜pMÞosition.Ž¡‘GThe–Ãsearcš²!h“ma˜y“bMÞe“åanc˜horedá,‘ÊÅmeaning“that“the“string“m˜ust“matc˜h“at“the“bMÞeginning“of“theŽ¡‘Ghistory‘¦fen²!try‘ÿe.Ž©Pv’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_search‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*string,“in˜t“directionæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSearc²!h–wSthe“history›wRfor“åstringá,‘€½starting“at“the˜curren²!t“history“oset.‘Î,If˜ådirection“áis“lessŽ¡‘.ùœthan–ÍY0,‘then“the›ÍXsearc²!h“is˜through“previous˜en²!tries,‘otherwise˜through“subsequen²!tŽ¡‘.ùœenš²!tries.‘â÷If–¨åstring‘˜2áis“found,‘¨†then“the‘¨curren˜t“history“index“is›¨set“to“that˜history“en²!try‘ÿe,Ž¡‘.ùœand–ºthe“v‘ÿdDalue›¹returned“is“the“oset˜in“the“line“of˜the“enš²!try“where“åstring‘óÑáw˜as“found.Ž¡‘.ùœOtherwise,–¦fnothing“is“c²!hanged,“and“a“-1“is“returned.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_search_prefix‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*string,“in˜t“directionæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSearc²!h–ß2the›ß1history“for“åstringá,‘-dstarting˜at“the“curren²!t˜history“oset.‘ˆ@The˜searc²!h“isŽ¡‘.ùœanc•²!hored:‘Î¤matc“hing›‡ôlines‘‡óm“ust˜bMÞegin˜with˜åstringá.‘Ó·If˜ådirection‘‡óáis˜less˜than˜0,‘Ž then˜theŽ¡‘.ùœsearcš²!h–Áâis“through‘Áãprevious“en˜tries,‘ÈÁotherwise“through‘Áãsubsequen˜t“en˜tries.‘0RIf“åstring‘±úáisŽ¡‘.ùœfound,‘ then–÷athe›÷bcurren²!t“history“index“is˜set“to“that˜en²!try‘ÿe,‘ and“the“return“v‘ÿdDalue˜is“0.Ž¡‘.ùœOtherwise,–¦fnothing“is“c²!hanged,“and“a“-1“is“returned.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_search_pos‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*string,“in˜t“direction,“in˜t“pMÞosæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáSearc²!h–×for“åstring‘ïáin“the“history“list,›:sstarting‘Öat“åpMÞosá,˜an“absolute“index“in²!to“the“list.Ž¡‘.ùœIf–TÓådirection‘TÒáis“negativš²!e,‘€mthe“searc˜h‘TÒproMÞceeds“bac˜kw˜ard‘TÒfrom“åpMÞosá,‘€motherwise“forw˜ard.Ž¡‘.ùœReturns–Jsthe“absolute“index“of‘Jrthe“history“elemenš²!t“where“åstring‘:‹áw˜as“found,‘³uor“-1Ž¡‘.ùœotherwise.ŽŸŽ¡‘Gëe2.3.6‘d(Managing–íMthe“History“FileŽŽŸ³3‘GáThe–1History“library›1can“read“the“history“from“and˜write“it“to“a“le.‘¶ÃThis“section“doMÞcumen²!tsŽ¡‘Gthe–¦ffunctions“for“managing“a“history“le.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉread_history‘yšæ(åconst–¦fc²!har“*lenameæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáAdd›Žgthe‘Žfcon•²!ten“ts˜of˜ålename–+máto˜the˜history˜list,‘“3a˜line‘Žfat˜a˜time.‘ÕÝIf˜ålename“áis˜âNULLá,Ž¡‘.ùœthen–¦fread“from“â~/.historyá.‘ÝÝReturns“0“if“successful,“or“âerrno“áif“not.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉread_history_range‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*lename,“in˜t“from,“in˜t“toæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáRead–Ya“range›Yof“lines“from“ålenameá,‘h„adding“them“to˜the“history“list.‘ÄStart“reading“atŽ¡‘.ùœline–&=åfrom“áand“end‘&>at“åtoá.›³%If“åfrom“áis“zero,‘?ßstart“at“the“bMÞeginning.˜If“åto‘³áis“less“than“åfromá,Ž¡‘.ùœthen–ù«read“un²!til“the“end“of“the“le.‘×«If“ålename‘–²áis“âNULLá,‘|then“read“from“â~/.historyá.Ž¡‘.ùœReturns–¦f0“if“successful,“or“âerrno“áif“not.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉwrite_history‘yšæ(åconst–¦fc²!har“*lenameæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáW‘ÿerite–#%the“currenš²!t“history“to‘#$ålenameá,‘BUo˜v˜erwriting“ålename‘À,áif‘#$necessary‘ÿe.‘TIf“ålenameŽ¡‘.ùœáis–B¹âNULLá,‘V©then›Bºwrite“the˜history“list˜to“â~/.historyá.‘¼¤Returns“0˜on“success,‘V©or˜âerrno“áonŽ¡‘.ùœa–¦fread“or“write“error.ŽŽŒ‹cŸò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ8ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉappend_history‘yšæ(åin•²!t›¦fnelemen“ts,˜const˜c“har˜*lenameæ)Ž¤ 33‘.ùœáAppMÞend–)‚the“last›)ånelemen²!ts‘áof“the“history“list“to˜ålenameá.‘g1If“ålename‘Æ‰áis˜âNULLá,‘JIthenŽ¡‘.ùœappMÞend–¦fto“â~/.historyá.‘ÝÝReturns“0“on“success,“or“âerrno“áon“a“read“or“write“error.ŽŸu1’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_truncate_file‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*lename,“in˜t“nlinesæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáT‘ÿeruncate–Ÿáthe“history“le“ålenameá,‘Þ@lea²!ving“only“the“last“ånlines‘cálines.‘ÊOIf“ålename‘<èáisŽ¡‘.ùœâNULLá,–¦fthen“â~/.history“áis“truncated.‘ÝÝReturns“0“on“success,“or“âerrno“áon“failure.ŽŸ ÿ‘Gëe2.3.7‘d(History‘íMExpansionŽŽŸ³3‘GáThese–¦ffunctions“implemen²!t“history“expansion.ŽŸu2’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_expand‘yšæ(åcš²!har–¦f*string,“c˜har“**outputæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáExpand–!)åstringá,‘?Ùplacing“the“result“inš²!to“åoutputá,‘?Úa‘!(pMÞoin˜ter“to“a“string“(see“Section“1.1Ž¡‘.ùœ[History–¦fIn²!teraction],“page“1).‘ÝÝReturns:Ž©d²‘.ùœâ0‘4IáIf–Åno›Äexpansions“toMÞok˜place“(or,‘¶if˜the“only˜c²!hange“in˜the“text˜w²!as“theŽ¡‘hÊremoš²!v‘ÿdDal‘œwof–œxescapMÞe“c˜haracters–œwpreceding“the›œxhistory“expansion˜c²!haracter);Ž¤T2‘.ùœâ1‘4Iáif–¦fexpansions“did“tak²!e“place;Ž¡‘.ùœâ-1‘.QŸáif–¦fthere“w²!as“an“error“in“expansion;Ž¡‘.ùœâ2‘4Iáif–O$the›O#returned“line˜should“bMÞe˜displa•²!y“ed,–`—but‘O$not˜executed,“as–O$with˜the“â:pŽ¤ 33‘hÊámošMÞdier–¦f(see“Section“1.1.3“[Mo˜diers],“page“2).Ž¦‘.ùœIf–¦fan“error“oMÞccurred“in“expansion,“then“åoutput‘ãfáconš²!tains“a“descriptiv˜e“error“message.Ž©u1’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ*“get_history_event‘yšæ(åconst–¦fcš²!har“*string,“in˜t“*cindex,“in˜t“qc˜haræ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturns–vøthe“text“of‘vùthe“history“ev•²!en“t–vøbMÞeginning“at“åstring‘gâ+“å*cindexá.‘ O”å*cindex‘8WáisŽ¡‘.ùœmošMÞdied–…to“p˜oinš²!t“to‘…after“the“ev˜en˜t“spMÞecier.‘ÒÀA˜t“function“en˜try‘ÿe,‘‹»åcindex‘FnápMÞoin˜ts“to“theŽ¡‘.ùœindex›Nãin²!to–Näåstring‘>ûáwhere“the˜history“ev•²!en“t˜sp•MÞecication˜b“egins.‘×Våqc•²!har‘áis‘Näa˜c“haracterŽ¡‘.ùœthat–:Xis“allo•²!w“ed–:Xto“end“the“ev•²!en“t‘:YspMÞecication–:Xin“addition“to“the“\normal"“terminatingŽ¡‘.ùœc²!haracters.Ž¦’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ**“history_tokenize‘yšæ(åconst–¦fc²!har“*stringæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáReturn–µ‘an“arraš²!y‘µ’of“tok˜ens“parsed“out“of–µ’åstringá,‘¹[m˜uc˜h“as–µ‘the“shell“migh˜t.‘_The“tok˜ensŽ¡‘.ùœare–«6split›«7on“the˜c²!haracters“in˜the“åhistory‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ–Ñtw²!ord‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ“delimiters‘¹áv‘ÿdDariable,‘¬jand˜shell‘«6quotingŽ¡‘.ùœcon•²!v“en“tions–¦fare“obMÞey²!ed.Ž©u2’“z[F‘ÿeunction]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ*“history_arg_extract‘yšæ(åinš²!t–¦frst,“in˜t“last,“const“c˜har“*stringæ)Ž¡‘.ùœáExtract–ÙHa›ÙGstring“segmen²!t“consisting˜of“the“årst‘Gáthrough“ålast‘Háargumen•²!ts˜presen“t‘ÙHinŽ¡‘.ùœåstringá.‘ÝÝArgumen²!ts–¦fare“split“using“âhistory_tokenizeá.ŽŸ1~‘Gë\2.4‘™History‘f@V‘þ¦fariablesŽŽŸ33‘GáThis–:‚section“describšMÞes“the“externally-visible“v‘ÿdDariables“exp˜orted“b²!y“the“çgnu“áHistory“Library‘ÿe.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_baseŽ¡‘.ùœáThe–¦flogical“oset“of“the“rst“en²!try“in“the“history“list.ŽŸu1’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_lengthŽ¡‘.ùœáThe›¦fn•²!um“bMÞer˜of˜en“tries˜curren“tly˜stored˜in˜the˜history˜list.ŽŽŒ‹ rÁŸò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ö5ˆ9ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_max_entriesŽ¤ 33‘.ùœáThe›…Zmaxim•²!um‘…Yn“um“bMÞer˜of˜history›…Yen“tries.‘ z¹This˜m“ust–…ZbMÞe“c²!hanged˜using“âstifle_Ž¡‘.ùœhistory()á.Ž©M’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_write_timestampsŽ¡‘.ùœáIf–\ˆnon-zero,‘Êtimestamps›\‡are“written“to˜the“history˜le,‘Êso˜they“can˜bMÞe“preserv²!edŽ¡‘.ùœbMÞet•²!w“een–¦fsessions.‘ÝÝThe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“is“0,“meaning“that“timestamps“are“not“sa•²!v“ed.ŽŸ@‘.ùœThe–üúcurrenš²!t“timestamp“format“uses‘üûthe“v‘ÿdDalue“of“åhistory‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ–Ñtcommen˜t‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ“c˜har‘Æ#áto‘üúdelimitŽ¡‘.ùœtimestamp–£en²!tries›¤in“the“history˜le.‘ +•If“that“v‘ÿdDariable“doMÞes˜not“ha•²!v“e–£a˜v‘ÿdDalue“(theŽ¡‘.ùœdefault),–¦ftimestamps“will“not“bMÞe“written.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char‘LÉhistory_expansion_charŽ¡‘.ùœáThe–;ycš²!haracter“that“in˜troMÞduces‘;xa“history“ev˜en˜t.›The‘;xdefault“is“`â!á'.˜Setting‘;xthis“to“0Ž¡‘.ùœinhibits–¦fhistory“expansion.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char‘LÉhistory_subst_charŽ¡‘.ùœáThe–ä|cš²!haracter‘ä}that“in˜v˜ok˜es“w˜ord“substitution›ä}if“found“at“the˜start“of“a“line.‘˜ TheŽ¡‘.ùœdefault–¦fis“`â^á'.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char‘LÉhistory_comment_charŽ¡‘.ùœáDuring–‰átokš²!enization,‘Â¿if“this“c˜haracter“is“seen“as“the“rst“c˜haracter“of“a“w˜ord,‘Â¿thenŽ¡‘.ùœit–4and›4all“subsequen•²!t˜c“haracters–4up“to˜a“newline˜are“ignored,‘—ysuppressing“historyŽ¡‘.ùœexpansion–¦ffor“the“remainder“of“the“line.‘ÝÝThis“is“disabled“b²!y“default.ŽŸL’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ*“history_word_delimitersŽ¡‘.ùœáThe–M÷cš²!haracters“that‘Møseparate“tok˜ens“for“âhistory_tokenize()á.‘ÀcThe“default‘Møv‘ÿdDalue“is“â"Ž¡‘.ùœ\t\n()<>;&|"á.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ*“history_search_delimiter_charsŽ¡‘.ùœáThe– îlist› ïof“additional“c•²!haracters˜whic“h– îcan“delimit˜a“history“searc²!h˜string,‘; in“additionŽ¡‘.ùœto–¦fspace,“T‘ÿeAB,“`â:á'“and“`â?á'“in“the“case“of“a“substring“searcš²!h.‘ÝÝThe“default“is“empt˜y‘ÿe.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@char–LÉ*“history_no_expand_charsŽ¡‘.ùœáThe–”klist“of“cš²!haracters“whic˜h“inhibit‘”lhistory“expansion“if“found“immediately“follo˜wingŽ¡‘.ùœåhistory‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ–Ñtexpansion‘Ä>‰x³HøŽ“c²!hará.‘ÝÝThe–¦fdefault“is“space,“tab,“newline,“carriage“return,“and“`â=á'.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@int‘LÉhistory_quotes_inhibit_expansionŽ¡‘.ùœáIf–Wnon-zero,‘ˆÁsingle-quoted›Xw²!ords“are“not˜scanned“for˜the“history˜expansion“c²!haracter.Ž¡‘.ùœThe–¦fdefault“v‘ÿdDalue“is“0.Ž¦’–3[V‘ÿeariable]ŽŽ‘Gë@rl_linebuf_func_t–LÉ*“history_inhibit_expansion_functionŽ¡‘.ùœáThis–?should›>bMÞe“set“to˜the“address˜of“a“function˜that“takš²!es“t˜w˜o‘>argumen˜ts:‘‘Ža“âchar‘¦f*Ž¡‘.ùœá(åstring‘ðá)–0nand“an›0oâint“áindex“in²!to“that˜string“(åi‘”ƒá).‘¶ŠIt˜should“return“a“non-zero˜v‘ÿdDalue“if“theŽ¡‘.ùœhistory–õexpansion›ôstarting“at˜åstring[i]‘àöáshould˜not“b•MÞe˜p“erformed;‘Žzero–õif˜the“expansionŽ¡‘.ùœshould–ÖObMÞe›ÖPdone.‘m™It“is˜in²!tended“for˜use“b²!y˜applications“lik²!e“Bash˜that“use˜the“historyŽ¡‘.ùœexpansion–¦fc²!haracter“for“additional“purpMÞoses.‘ÝÝBy“default,“this“v‘ÿdDariable“is“set“to“âNULLá.ŽŽŒ‹ €„Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ð»î10ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘Gë\2.5‘™History–f@Programming“ExampleŽŽŸ33‘GáThe–¦ffollo²!wing“program“demonstrates“simple“use“of“the“çgnu“áHistory“Library‘ÿe.Ž¤‘.ùœóß¤N cmtt9É#include‘¹–<stdio.h>Ž© €‘.ùœ#include‘¹–<readline/history.h>Ž¡‘.ùœmain–¹–(argc,“argv)Ž¦‘F™Šint‘¹–argc;Ž¦‘F™Šchar‘¹–**argv;Ž¦‘.ùœ{Ž¦‘8lÈchar–¹–line[1024],“*t;Ž¦‘8lÈint–¹–len,“done“=“0;Ž¡‘8lÈline[0]–¹–=“0;Ž¡‘8lÈusing_history‘¹–();Ž¦‘8lÈwhile‘¹–(!done)Ž¦‘Aßô{Ž¦‘KS printf–¹–("history$“");Ž¦‘KS fflush‘¹–(stdout);Ž¦‘KS t–¹–=“fgets“(line,“sizeof“(line)“-“1,“stdin);Ž¦‘KS if–¹–(t“&&“*t)Ž¦‘TÆL{Ž¦‘^9xlen–¹–=“strlen“(t);Ž¦‘^9xif–¹–(t[len“-“1]“==“'\n')Ž¦‘g¬¤t[len–¹–-“1]“=“'\0';Ž¦‘TÆL}Ž¡‘KS if‘¹–(!t)Ž¦‘TÆLstrcpy–¹–(line,“"quit");Ž¡‘KS if‘¹–(line[0])Ž¦‘TÆL{Ž¦‘^9xchar‘¹–*expansion;Ž¦‘^9xint‘¹–result;Ž¡‘^9xresult–¹–=“history_expand“(line,“&expansion);Ž¦‘^9xif‘¹–(result)Ž¦‘g¬¤fprintf–¹–(stderr,“"%s\n",“expansion);Ž¡‘^9xif–¹–(result“<“0“||“result“==“2)Ž¦‘g¬¤{Ž¦‘qÐfree‘¹–(expansion);Ž¦‘qÐcontinue;Ž¦‘g¬¤}Ž¡‘^9xadd_history‘¹–(expansion);Ž¦‘^9xstrncpy–¹–(line,“expansion,“sizeof“(line)“-“1);Ž¦‘^9xfree‘¹–(expansion);Ž¦‘TÆL}Ž¡‘KS if–¹–(strcmp“(line,“"quit")“==“0)Ž¦‘TÆLdone–¹–=“1;Ž¦‘KS else–¹–if“(strcmp“(line,“"save")“==“0)Ž¦‘TÆLwrite_history‘¹–("history_file");Ž¦‘KS else–¹–if“(strcmp“(line,“"read")“==“0)Ž¦‘TÆLread_history‘¹–("history_file");Ž¦‘KS else–¹–if“(strcmp“(line,“"list")“==“0)ŽŽŒ‹Ÿò‘GáChapter–¦f2:‘ÝÝProgramming“with“GNU“History’Ð»î11ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘TÆLÉ{Ž¤ €‘^9xregister–¹–HIST_ENTRY“**the_list;Ž¡‘^9xregister–¹–int“i;ŽŸ‘^9xthe_list–¹–=“history_list“();Ž¡‘^9xif‘¹–(the_list)Ž¡‘g¬¤for–¹–(i“=“0;“the_list[i];“i++)Ž¡‘qÐprintf–¹–("%d:“%s\n",“i“+“history_base,“the_list[i]->line);Ž¡‘TÆL}Ž¡‘KS else–¹–if“(strncmp“(line,“"delete",“6)“==“0)Ž¡‘TÆL{Ž¡‘^9xint‘¹–which;Ž¡‘^9xif–¹–((sscanf“(line“+“6,“"%d",“&which))“==“1)Ž¡‘g¬¤{Ž¡‘qÐHIST_ENTRY–¹–*entry“=“remove_history“(which);Ž¡‘qÐif‘¹–(!entry)Ž¡‘z’üfprintf–¹–(stderr,“"No“such“entry“%d\n",“which);Ž¡‘qÐelseŽ¡‘z’ü{Ž¡’„(free‘¹–(entry->line);Ž¡’„(free‘¹–(entry);Ž¡‘z’ü}Ž¡‘g¬¤}Ž¡‘^9xelseŽ¡‘g¬¤{Ž¡‘qÐfprintf–¹–(stderr,“"non-numeric“arg“given“to“`delete'\n");Ž¡‘g¬¤}Ž¡‘TÆL}Ž¡‘Aßô}Ž¡‘.ùœ}ŽŽŒ‹“ÆŸò‘GáAppšMÞendix–¦fA:“GNU“F‘ÿeree“Do˜cumen²!tation“License’Á:12ŽŽŽ ƒ33 ý ÌÍ‘GëSApp›Š=endix‘záA‘ ¸QGNU–z³F‘þaGree“Do˜cumen‘ÿuÂtation“LicenseŽŽŸƒª’£¤AáV‘ÿeersion–¦f1.3,“3“No•²!v“em“bMÞer‘¦f2008Ž©Q‘.ùœCop•²!yrigh“t‘±ž«‚cŽŽŽ‘¦fê ŽŽŽŽ‘@á2000,–¦f2001,“2002,“2007,“2008“F›ÿeree“Soft•²!w“are–¦fF˜oundation,“Inc.Ž¤ 33‘.ùœâhttp://fsf.org/ŽŸff‘.ùœáEv•²!ery“one–¦fis“pMÞermitted“to“copš²!y“and“distribute“v˜erbatim“copiesŽ¡‘.ùœof–¦fthis“license“doMÞcumenš²!t,“but“c˜hanging“it“is“not“allo˜w˜ed.Ž¦‘-0.Ž‘'¿«PREAMBLEŽ¦‘'¿«The–vQpurpMÞose›vRof“this˜License“is˜to“mak²!e“a˜man²!ual,›ªLtextb•MÞo“ok,˜or–vQother‘vRfunctional“andŽ¡‘'¿«useful–žïdoMÞcumen²!t›žîåfree‘;öáin“the“sense˜of“freedom:‘Ú!to“assure“ev•²!ery“one‘žïthe˜eectiv“e‘žïfreedomŽ¡‘'¿«to–Æ9cop²!y›Æ:and“redistribute“it,‘Î.with“or˜without“moMÞdifying“it,‘Î.either“commercially˜or“non-Ž¡‘'¿«commercially–ÿe.‘cÏSecondarily“,‘Hàthis–(aLicense›(bpreserv²!es“for“the˜author“and“publisher˜a“w•²!a“yŽ¡‘'¿«to–W9get“credit›W8for“their“w²!ork,‘ƒmwhile“not“bMÞeing“considered˜respšMÞonsible“for“mo˜dicationsŽ¡‘'¿«made–¦fb²!y“others.Ž¦‘'¿«This–È/License›È0is“a“kind“of˜\cop•²!yleft",‘ô whic“h–È/means˜that“deriv‘ÿdDativš²!e“w˜orks“of‘È0the“doMÞcumen˜tŽ¡‘'¿«m•²!ust›õthemselv“es–ôbMÞe˜free˜in˜the“same˜sense.‘ ‰It˜complemen²!ts˜the“GNU‘ÙGeneral˜PublicŽ¡‘'¿«License,–¦fwhicš²!h“is“a“cop˜yleft“license“designed“for“free“soft˜w˜are.Ž¦‘'¿«W‘ÿee›‹#ha•²!v“e˜designed˜this˜License˜in˜order˜to˜use˜it‘‹"for˜man“uals˜for˜free˜soft“w“are,‘—bMÞecauseŽ¡‘'¿«free›?soft•²!w“are˜needs˜free‘>doMÞcumen“tation:‘³a˜free˜program˜should‘>come˜with˜man“ualsŽ¡‘'¿«pro²!viding–urthe›ussame“freedoms˜that“the˜soft•²!w“are–urdoMÞes.‘ÍŒBut˜this“License˜is“not˜limited“toŽ¡‘'¿«soft•²!w“are›âman“uals;‘±¡it–ãcan˜bMÞe“used˜for“an²!y˜textual“w²!ork,‘¯Áregardless“of˜sub‘›»ject“matter˜orŽ¡‘'¿«whether–Ç2it“is“published“as“a“prin²!ted“b•MÞo“ok.‘@BW‘ÿee–Ç2recommend“this“License“principally“forŽ¡‘'¿«w²!orks–¦fwhose“purpMÞose“is“instruction“or“reference.Ž¦‘-1.Ž‘'¿«APPLICABILITY–¦fAND“DEFINITIONSŽŸP‘'¿«This–Ì>License‘Ì=applies“to“anš²!y“man˜ual‘Ì=or“other“w˜ork,‘³in“an˜y–Ì=medium,‘´that“con˜tains‘Ì>aŽ¡‘'¿«notice–ýplaced›ýb²!y“the˜cop•²!yrigh“t‘ýholder˜sa“ying–ýit˜can“bMÞe˜distributed“under˜the“termsŽ¡‘'¿«of–€†this“License.‘l=Sucš²!h“a“notice“gran˜ts“a“w˜orld-wide,‘· ro˜y˜alt˜y-free“license,‘·unlimited“inŽ¡‘'¿«duration,‘â to–o·use›o¶that“w²!ork“under˜the“conditions“stated˜herein.‘ 9ÏThe“\DoMÞcumen²!t",Ž¡‘'¿«bMÞeloš²!w,‘tkrefers–gìto“an˜y“suc˜h‘gíman˜ual“or“w˜ork.‘É An˜y“mem˜bMÞer“of“the‘gípublic“is“a“licensee,‘tkandŽ¡‘'¿«is–ÿaddressed“as“\yš²!ou".‘¦@Y‘ÿeou“accept“the“license“if“y˜ou“cop˜y‘ÿe,‘ îmoMÞdify“or“distribute“the“w˜orkŽ¡‘'¿«in–¦fa“w•²!a“y–¦frequiring“pMÞermission“under“cop•²!yrigh“t‘¦fla“w.Ž¦‘'¿«A‘¦\MošMÞdied–ÀV‘ÿeersion"‘Áof“the“Do˜cumenš²!t“means‘Áan˜y“w˜ork“con˜taining“the‘ÁDoMÞcumen˜t“orŽ¡‘'¿«a–‚hpMÞortion›‚gof“it,‘¹heither˜copied“v²!erbatim,‘¹hor˜with“moMÞdications“and/or˜translated“in²!toŽ¡‘'¿«another‘¦flanguage.Ž¦‘'¿«A‘ž\Secondary–ÀSection"“is›Áa“named˜appMÞendix“or˜a“fron²!t-matter˜section“of˜the“DoMÞcumen²!tŽ¡‘'¿«that–Ž/deals“exclusiv²!ely›Ž0with“the“relationship“of˜the“publishers“or“authors˜of“the“DoMÞcumen²!tŽ¡‘'¿«to–z 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