Annotation of embedaddon/sqlite3/src/parse.y, revision 1.1

1.1     ! misho       1: /*
        !             2: ** 2001 September 15
        !             3: **
        !             4: ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
        !             5: ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
        !             6: **
        !             7: **    May you do good and not evil.
        !             8: **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
        !             9: **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
        !            10: **
        !            11: *************************************************************************
        !            12: ** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
        !            13: ** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
        !            14: ** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
        !            15: ** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
        !            16: */
        !            17: 
        !            18: // All token codes are small integers with #defines that begin with "TK_"
        !            19: %token_prefix TK_
        !            20: 
        !            21: // The type of the data attached to each token is Token.  This is also the
        !            22: // default type for non-terminals.
        !            23: //
        !            24: %token_type {Token}
        !            25: %default_type {Token}
        !            26: 
        !            27: // The generated parser function takes a 4th argument as follows:
        !            28: %extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
        !            29: 
        !            30: // This code runs whenever there is a syntax error
        !            31: //
        !            32: %syntax_error {
        !            33:   UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
        !            34:   assert( TOKEN.z[0] );  /* The tokenizer always gives us a token */
        !            35:   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
        !            36: }
        !            37: %stack_overflow {
        !            38:   UNUSED_PARAMETER(yypMinor); /* Silence some compiler warnings */
        !            39:   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parser stack overflow");
        !            40: }
        !            41: 
        !            42: // The name of the generated procedure that implements the parser
        !            43: // is as follows:
        !            44: %name sqlite3Parser
        !            45: 
        !            46: // The following text is included near the beginning of the C source
        !            47: // code file that implements the parser.
        !            48: //
        !            49: %include {
        !            50: #include "sqliteInt.h"
        !            51: 
        !            52: /*
        !            53: ** Disable all error recovery processing in the parser push-down
        !            54: ** automaton.
        !            55: */
        !            56: #define YYNOERRORRECOVERY 1
        !            57: 
        !            58: /*
        !            59: ** Make yytestcase() the same as testcase()
        !            60: */
        !            61: #define yytestcase(X) testcase(X)
        !            62: 
        !            63: /*
        !            64: ** An instance of this structure holds information about the
        !            65: ** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
        !            66: */
        !            67: struct LimitVal {
        !            68:   Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
        !            69:   Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
        !            70: };
        !            71: 
        !            72: /*
        !            73: ** An instance of this structure is used to store the LIKE,
        !            74: ** GLOB, NOT LIKE, and NOT GLOB operators.
        !            75: */
        !            76: struct LikeOp {
        !            77:   Token eOperator;  /* "like" or "glob" or "regexp" */
        !            78:   int not;         /* True if the NOT keyword is present */
        !            79: };
        !            80: 
        !            81: /*
        !            82: ** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
        !            83: ** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
        !            84: ** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
        !            85: **
        !            86: **      UPDATE ON (a,b,c)
        !            87: **
        !            88: ** Then the "b" IdList records the list "a,b,c".
        !            89: */
        !            90: struct TrigEvent { int a; IdList * b; };
        !            91: 
        !            92: /*
        !            93: ** An instance of this structure holds the ATTACH key and the key type.
        !            94: */
        !            95: struct AttachKey { int type;  Token key; };
        !            96: 
        !            97: } // end %include
        !            98: 
        !            99: // Input is a single SQL command
        !           100: input ::= cmdlist.
        !           101: cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd.
        !           102: cmdlist ::= ecmd.
        !           103: ecmd ::= SEMI.
        !           104: ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI.
        !           105: explain ::= .           { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 0); }
        !           106: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
        !           107: explain ::= EXPLAIN.              { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 1); }
        !           108: explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.   { sqlite3BeginParse(pParse, 2); }
        !           109: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
        !           110: cmdx ::= cmd.           { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
        !           111: 
        !           112: ///////////////////// Begin and end transactions. ////////////////////////////
        !           113: //
        !           114: 
        !           115: cmd ::= BEGIN transtype(Y) trans_opt.  {sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, Y);}
        !           116: trans_opt ::= .
        !           117: trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION.
        !           118: trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm.
        !           119: %type transtype {int}
        !           120: transtype(A) ::= .             {A = TK_DEFERRED;}
        !           121: transtype(A) ::= DEFERRED(X).  {A = @X;}
        !           122: transtype(A) ::= IMMEDIATE(X). {A = @X;}
        !           123: transtype(A) ::= EXCLUSIVE(X). {A = @X;}
        !           124: cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt.      {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
        !           125: cmd ::= END trans_opt.         {sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
        !           126: cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt.    {sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
        !           127: 
        !           128: savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT.
        !           129: savepoint_opt ::= .
        !           130: cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm(X). {
        !           131:   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, &X);
        !           132: }
        !           133: cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm(X). {
        !           134:   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, &X);
        !           135: }
        !           136: cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm(X). {
        !           137:   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, &X);
        !           138: }
        !           139: 
        !           140: ///////////////////// The CREATE TABLE statement ////////////////////////////
        !           141: //
        !           142: cmd ::= create_table create_table_args.
        !           143: create_table ::= createkw temp(T) TABLE ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). {
        !           144:    sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&Y,&Z,T,0,0,E);
        !           145: }
        !           146: createkw(A) ::= CREATE(X).  {
        !           147:   pParse->db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
        !           148:   A = X;
        !           149: }
        !           150: %type ifnotexists {int}
        !           151: ifnotexists(A) ::= .              {A = 0;}
        !           152: ifnotexists(A) ::= IF NOT EXISTS. {A = 1;}
        !           153: %type temp {int}
        !           154: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
        !           155: temp(A) ::= TEMP.  {A = 1;}
        !           156: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
        !           157: temp(A) ::= .      {A = 0;}
        !           158: create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt(X) RP(Y). {
        !           159:   sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&X,&Y,0);
        !           160: }
        !           161: create_table_args ::= AS select(S). {
        !           162:   sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,S);
        !           163:   sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, S);
        !           164: }
        !           165: columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA column.
        !           166: columnlist ::= column.
        !           167: 
        !           168: // A "column" is a complete description of a single column in a
        !           169: // CREATE TABLE statement.  This includes the column name, its
        !           170: // datatype, and other keywords such as PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, REFERENCES,
        !           171: // NOT NULL and so forth.
        !           172: //
        !           173: column(A) ::= columnid(X) type carglist. {
        !           174:   A.z = X.z;
        !           175:   A.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-X.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
        !           176: }
        !           177: columnid(A) ::= nm(X). {
        !           178:   sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&X);
        !           179:   A = X;
        !           180: }
        !           181: 
        !           182: 
        !           183: // An IDENTIFIER can be a generic identifier, or one of several
        !           184: // keywords.  Any non-standard keyword can also be an identifier.
        !           185: //
        !           186: %type id {Token}
        !           187: id(A) ::= ID(X).         {A = X;}
        !           188: id(A) ::= INDEXED(X).    {A = X;}
        !           189: 
        !           190: // The following directive causes tokens ABORT, AFTER, ASC, etc. to
        !           191: // fallback to ID if they will not parse as their original value.
        !           192: // This obviates the need for the "id" nonterminal.
        !           193: //
        !           194: %fallback ID
        !           195:   ABORT ACTION AFTER ANALYZE ASC ATTACH BEFORE BEGIN BY CASCADE CAST COLUMNKW
        !           196:   CONFLICT DATABASE DEFERRED DESC DETACH EACH END EXCLUSIVE EXPLAIN FAIL FOR
        !           197:   IGNORE IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSTEAD LIKE_KW MATCH NO PLAN
        !           198:   QUERY KEY OF OFFSET PRAGMA RAISE RELEASE REPLACE RESTRICT ROW ROLLBACK
        !           199:   SAVEPOINT TEMP TRIGGER VACUUM VIEW VIRTUAL
        !           200: %ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
        !           201:   EXCEPT INTERSECT UNION
        !           202: %endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
        !           203:   REINDEX RENAME CTIME_KW IF
        !           204:   .
        !           205: %wildcard ANY.
        !           206: 
        !           207: // Define operator precedence early so that this is the first occurance
        !           208: // of the operator tokens in the grammer.  Keeping the operators together
        !           209: // causes them to be assigned integer values that are close together,
        !           210: // which keeps parser tables smaller.
        !           211: //
        !           212: // The token values assigned to these symbols is determined by the order
        !           213: // in which lemon first sees them.  It must be the case that ISNULL/NOTNULL,
        !           214: // NE/EQ, GT/LE, and GE/LT are separated by only a single value.  See
        !           215: // the sqlite3ExprIfFalse() routine for additional information on this
        !           216: // constraint.
        !           217: //
        !           218: %left OR.
        !           219: %left AND.
        !           220: %right NOT.
        !           221: %left IS MATCH LIKE_KW BETWEEN IN ISNULL NOTNULL NE EQ.
        !           222: %left GT LE LT GE.
        !           223: %right ESCAPE.
        !           224: %left BITAND BITOR LSHIFT RSHIFT.
        !           225: %left PLUS MINUS.
        !           226: %left STAR SLASH REM.
        !           227: %left CONCAT.
        !           228: %left COLLATE.
        !           229: %right BITNOT.
        !           230: 
        !           231: // And "ids" is an identifer-or-string.
        !           232: //
        !           233: %type ids {Token}
        !           234: ids(A) ::= ID|STRING(X).   {A = X;}
        !           235: 
        !           236: // The name of a column or table can be any of the following:
        !           237: //
        !           238: %type nm {Token}
        !           239: nm(A) ::= id(X).         {A = X;}
        !           240: nm(A) ::= STRING(X).     {A = X;}
        !           241: nm(A) ::= JOIN_KW(X).    {A = X;}
        !           242: 
        !           243: // A typetoken is really one or more tokens that form a type name such
        !           244: // as can be found after the column name in a CREATE TABLE statement.
        !           245: // Multiple tokens are concatenated to form the value of the typetoken.
        !           246: //
        !           247: %type typetoken {Token}
        !           248: type ::= .
        !           249: type ::= typetoken(X).                   {sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&X);}
        !           250: typetoken(A) ::= typename(X).   {A = X;}
        !           251: typetoken(A) ::= typename(X) LP signed RP(Y). {
        !           252:   A.z = X.z;
        !           253:   A.n = (int)(&Y.z[Y.n] - X.z);
        !           254: }
        !           255: typetoken(A) ::= typename(X) LP signed COMMA signed RP(Y). {
        !           256:   A.z = X.z;
        !           257:   A.n = (int)(&Y.z[Y.n] - X.z);
        !           258: }
        !           259: %type typename {Token}
        !           260: typename(A) ::= ids(X).             {A = X;}
        !           261: typename(A) ::= typename(X) ids(Y). {A.z=X.z; A.n=Y.n+(int)(Y.z-X.z);}
        !           262: signed ::= plus_num.
        !           263: signed ::= minus_num.
        !           264: 
        !           265: // "carglist" is a list of additional constraints that come after the
        !           266: // column name and column type in a CREATE TABLE statement.
        !           267: //
        !           268: carglist ::= carglist carg.
        !           269: carglist ::= .
        !           270: carg ::= CONSTRAINT nm ccons.
        !           271: carg ::= ccons.
        !           272: ccons ::= DEFAULT term(X).            {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
        !           273: ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr(X) RP.      {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
        !           274: ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term(X).       {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X);}
        !           275: ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS(A) term(X).      {
        !           276:   ExprSpan v;
        !           277:   v.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           278:   v.zStart = A.z;
        !           279:   v.zEnd = X.zEnd;
        !           280:   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
        !           281: }
        !           282: ccons ::= DEFAULT id(X).              {
        !           283:   ExprSpan v;
        !           284:   spanExpr(&v, pParse, TK_STRING, &X);
        !           285:   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
        !           286: }
        !           287: 
        !           288: // In addition to the type name, we also care about the primary key and
        !           289: // UNIQUE constraints.
        !           290: //
        !           291: ccons ::= NULL onconf.
        !           292: ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).    {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
        !           293: ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder(Z) onconf(R) autoinc(I).
        !           294:                                  {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I,Z);}
        !           295: ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).      {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0,0,0);}
        !           296: ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP.   {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,X.pExpr);}
        !           297: ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
        !           298:                                  {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
        !           299: ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).    {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
        !           300: ccons ::= COLLATE ids(C).        {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &C);}
        !           301: 
        !           302: // The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
        !           303: %type autoinc {int}
        !           304: autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}
        !           305: autoinc(X) ::= AUTOINCR.  {X = 1;}
        !           306: 
        !           307: // The next group of rules parses the arguments to a REFERENCES clause
        !           308: // that determine if the referential integrity checking is deferred or
        !           309: // or immediate and which determine what action to take if a ref-integ
        !           310: // check fails.
        !           311: //
        !           312: %type refargs {int}
        !           313: refargs(A) ::= .                  { A = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
        !           314: refargs(A) ::= refargs(X) refarg(Y). { A = (X & ~Y.mask) | Y.value; }
        !           315: %type refarg {struct {int value; int mask;}}
        !           316: refarg(A) ::= MATCH nm.              { A.value = 0;     A.mask = 0x000000; }
        !           317: refarg(A) ::= ON INSERT refact.      { A.value = 0;     A.mask = 0x000000; }
        !           318: refarg(A) ::= ON DELETE refact(X).   { A.value = X;     A.mask = 0x0000ff; }
        !           319: refarg(A) ::= ON UPDATE refact(X).   { A.value = X<<8;  A.mask = 0x00ff00; }
        !           320: %type refact {int}
        !           321: refact(A) ::= SET NULL.              { A = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
        !           322: refact(A) ::= SET DEFAULT.           { A = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
        !           323: refact(A) ::= CASCADE.               { A = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
        !           324: refact(A) ::= RESTRICT.              { A = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
        !           325: refact(A) ::= NO ACTION.             { A = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
        !           326: %type defer_subclause {int}
        !           327: defer_subclause(A) ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt.     {A = 0;}
        !           328: defer_subclause(A) ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt(X).      {A = X;}
        !           329: %type init_deferred_pred_opt {int}
        !           330: init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
        !           331: init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED.     {A = 1;}
        !           332: init_deferred_pred_opt(A) ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE.    {A = 0;}
        !           333: 
        !           334: // For the time being, the only constraint we care about is the primary
        !           335: // key and UNIQUE.  Both create indices.
        !           336: //
        !           337: conslist_opt(A) ::= .                   {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
        !           338: conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(X) conslist.  {A = X;}
        !           339: conslist ::= conslist COMMA tcons.
        !           340: conslist ::= conslist tcons.
        !           341: conslist ::= tcons.
        !           342: tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm.
        !           343: tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
        !           344:                                  {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I,0);}
        !           345: tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist(X) RP onconf(R).
        !           346:                                  {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0,0,0);}
        !           347: tcons ::= CHECK LP expr(E) RP onconf.
        !           348:                                  {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,E.pExpr);}
        !           349: tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist(FA) RP
        !           350:           REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
        !           351:     sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
        !           352:     sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
        !           353: }
        !           354: %type defer_subclause_opt {int}
        !           355: defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
        !           356: defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(X).  {A = X;}
        !           357: 
        !           358: // The following is a non-standard extension that allows us to declare the
        !           359: // default behavior when there is a constraint conflict.
        !           360: //
        !           361: %type onconf {int}
        !           362: %type orconf {u8}
        !           363: %type resolvetype {int}
        !           364: onconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
        !           365: onconf(A) ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype(X).    {A = X;}
        !           366: orconf(A) ::= .                              {A = OE_Default;}
        !           367: orconf(A) ::= OR resolvetype(X).             {A = (u8)X;}
        !           368: resolvetype(A) ::= raisetype(X).             {A = X;}
        !           369: resolvetype(A) ::= IGNORE.                   {A = OE_Ignore;}
        !           370: resolvetype(A) ::= REPLACE.                  {A = OE_Replace;}
        !           371: 
        !           372: ////////////////////////// The DROP TABLE /////////////////////////////////////
        !           373: //
        !           374: cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
        !           375:   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 0, E);
        !           376: }
        !           377: %type ifexists {int}
        !           378: ifexists(A) ::= IF EXISTS.   {A = 1;}
        !           379: ifexists(A) ::= .            {A = 0;}
        !           380: 
        !           381: ///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
        !           382: //
        !           383: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
        !           384: cmd ::= createkw(X) temp(T) VIEW ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) AS select(S). {
        !           385:   sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, S, T, E);
        !           386: }
        !           387: cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
        !           388:   sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1, E);
        !           389: }
        !           390: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
        !           391: 
        !           392: //////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
        !           393: //
        !           394: cmd ::= select(X).  {
        !           395:   SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0};
        !           396:   sqlite3Select(pParse, X, &dest);
        !           397:   sqlite3ExplainBegin(pParse->pVdbe);
        !           398:   sqlite3ExplainSelect(pParse->pVdbe, X);
        !           399:   sqlite3ExplainFinish(pParse->pVdbe);
        !           400:   sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
        !           401: }
        !           402: 
        !           403: %type select {Select*}
        !           404: %destructor select {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           405: %type oneselect {Select*}
        !           406: %destructor oneselect {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           407: 
        !           408: select(A) ::= oneselect(X).                      {A = X;}
        !           409: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
        !           410: select(A) ::= select(X) multiselect_op(Y) oneselect(Z).  {
        !           411:   if( Z ){
        !           412:     Z->op = (u8)Y;
        !           413:     Z->pPrior = X;
        !           414:   }else{
        !           415:     sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
        !           416:   }
        !           417:   A = Z;
        !           418: }
        !           419: %type multiselect_op {int}
        !           420: multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION(OP).             {A = @OP;}
        !           421: multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION ALL.             {A = TK_ALL;}
        !           422: multiselect_op(A) ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT(OP).  {A = @OP;}
        !           423: %endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
        !           424: oneselect(A) ::= SELECT distinct(D) selcollist(W) from(X) where_opt(Y)
        !           425:                  groupby_opt(P) having_opt(Q) orderby_opt(Z) limit_opt(L). {
        !           426:   A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,W,X,Y,P,Q,Z,D,L.pLimit,L.pOffset);
        !           427: }
        !           428: 
        !           429: // The "distinct" nonterminal is true (1) if the DISTINCT keyword is
        !           430: // present and false (0) if it is not.
        !           431: //
        !           432: %type distinct {int}
        !           433: distinct(A) ::= DISTINCT.   {A = 1;}
        !           434: distinct(A) ::= ALL.        {A = 0;}
        !           435: distinct(A) ::= .           {A = 0;}
        !           436: 
        !           437: // selcollist is a list of expressions that are to become the return
        !           438: // values of the SELECT statement.  The "*" in statements like
        !           439: // "SELECT * FROM ..." is encoded as a special expression with an
        !           440: // opcode of TK_ALL.
        !           441: //
        !           442: %type selcollist {ExprList*}
        !           443: %destructor selcollist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           444: %type sclp {ExprList*}
        !           445: %destructor sclp {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           446: sclp(A) ::= selcollist(X) COMMA.             {A = X;}
        !           447: sclp(A) ::= .                                {A = 0;}
        !           448: selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) expr(X) as(Y).     {
        !           449:    A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, P, X.pExpr);
        !           450:    if( Y.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &Y, 1);
        !           451:    sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,A,&X);
        !           452: }
        !           453: selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) STAR. {
        !           454:   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ALL, 0);
        !           455:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, P, p);
        !           456: }
        !           457: selcollist(A) ::= sclp(P) nm(X) DOT STAR(Y). {
        !           458:   Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ALL, 0, 0, &Y);
        !           459:   Expr *pLeft = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
        !           460:   Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
        !           461:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,P, pDot);
        !           462: }
        !           463: 
        !           464: // An option "AS <id>" phrase that can follow one of the expressions that
        !           465: // define the result set, or one of the tables in the FROM clause.
        !           466: //
        !           467: %type as {Token}
        !           468: as(X) ::= AS nm(Y).    {X = Y;}
        !           469: as(X) ::= ids(Y).      {X = Y;}
        !           470: as(X) ::= .            {X.n = 0;}
        !           471: 
        !           472: 
        !           473: %type seltablist {SrcList*}
        !           474: %destructor seltablist {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           475: %type stl_prefix {SrcList*}
        !           476: %destructor stl_prefix {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           477: %type from {SrcList*}
        !           478: %destructor from {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           479: 
        !           480: // A complete FROM clause.
        !           481: //
        !           482: from(A) ::= .                {A = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*A));}
        !           483: from(A) ::= FROM seltablist(X). {
        !           484:   A = X;
        !           485:   sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(A);
        !           486: }
        !           487: 
        !           488: // "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
        !           489: // in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
        !           490: //
        !           491: stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(X) joinop(Y).    {
        !           492:    A = X;
        !           493:    if( ALWAYS(A && A->nSrc>0) ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].jointype = (u8)Y;
        !           494: }
        !           495: stl_prefix(A) ::= .                           {A = 0;}
        !           496: seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) nm(Y) dbnm(D) as(Z) indexed_opt(I) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
        !           497:   A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
        !           498:   sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, A, &I);
        !           499: }
        !           500: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
        !           501:   seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP select(S) RP
        !           502:                     as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
        !           503:     A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,0,0,&Z,S,N,U);
        !           504:   }
        !           505:   seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP seltablist(F) RP
        !           506:                     as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
        !           507:     if( X==0 && Z.n==0 && N==0 && U==0 ){
        !           508:       A = F;
        !           509:     }else{
        !           510:       Select *pSubquery;
        !           511:       sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(F);
        !           512:       pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,F,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
        !           513:       A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,0,0,&Z,pSubquery,N,U);
        !           514:     }
        !           515:   }
        !           516:   
        !           517:   // A seltablist_paren nonterminal represents anything in a FROM that
        !           518:   // is contained inside parentheses.  This can be either a subquery or
        !           519:   // a grouping of table and subqueries.
        !           520:   //
        !           521: //  %type seltablist_paren {Select*}
        !           522: //  %destructor seltablist_paren {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           523: //  seltablist_paren(A) ::= select(S).      {A = S;}
        !           524: //  seltablist_paren(A) ::= seltablist(F).  {
        !           525: //     sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(F);
        !           526: //     A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,F,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
        !           527: //  }
        !           528: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
        !           529: 
        !           530: %type dbnm {Token}
        !           531: dbnm(A) ::= .          {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
        !           532: dbnm(A) ::= DOT nm(X). {A = X;}
        !           533: 
        !           534: %type fullname {SrcList*}
        !           535: %destructor fullname {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           536: fullname(A) ::= nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,&Y);}
        !           537: 
        !           538: %type joinop {int}
        !           539: %type joinop2 {int}
        !           540: joinop(X) ::= COMMA|JOIN.              { X = JT_INNER; }
        !           541: joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) JOIN.         { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,0,0); }
        !           542: joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) JOIN.   { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,0); }
        !           543: joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) nm(C) JOIN.
        !           544:                                        { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,&C); }
        !           545: 
        !           546: %type on_opt {Expr*}
        !           547: %destructor on_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           548: on_opt(N) ::= ON expr(E).   {N = E.pExpr;}
        !           549: on_opt(N) ::= .             {N = 0;}
        !           550: 
        !           551: // Note that this block abuses the Token type just a little. If there is
        !           552: // no "INDEXED BY" clause, the returned token is empty (z==0 && n==0). If
        !           553: // there is an INDEXED BY clause, then the token is populated as per normal,
        !           554: // with z pointing to the token data and n containing the number of bytes
        !           555: // in the token.
        !           556: //
        !           557: // If there is a "NOT INDEXED" clause, then (z==0 && n==1), which is 
        !           558: // normally illegal. The sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy() function 
        !           559: // recognizes and interprets this as a special case.
        !           560: //
        !           561: %type indexed_opt {Token}
        !           562: indexed_opt(A) ::= .                 {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
        !           563: indexed_opt(A) ::= INDEXED BY nm(X). {A = X;}
        !           564: indexed_opt(A) ::= NOT INDEXED.      {A.z=0; A.n=1;}
        !           565: 
        !           566: %type using_opt {IdList*}
        !           567: %destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           568: using_opt(U) ::= USING LP inscollist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
        !           569: using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}
        !           570: 
        !           571: 
        !           572: %type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
        !           573: %destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           574: %type sortlist {ExprList*}
        !           575: %destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           576: %type sortitem {Expr*}
        !           577: %destructor sortitem {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           578: 
        !           579: orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
        !           580: orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
        !           581: sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(X) COMMA sortitem(Y) sortorder(Z). {
        !           582:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y);
        !           583:   if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
        !           584: }
        !           585: sortlist(A) ::= sortitem(Y) sortorder(Z). {
        !           586:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y);
        !           587:   if( A && ALWAYS(A->a) ) A->a[0].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
        !           588: }
        !           589: sortitem(A) ::= expr(X).   {A = X.pExpr;}
        !           590: 
        !           591: %type sortorder {int}
        !           592: 
        !           593: sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
        !           594: sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
        !           595: sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
        !           596: 
        !           597: %type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
        !           598: %destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           599: groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
        !           600: groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY nexprlist(X). {A = X;}
        !           601: 
        !           602: %type having_opt {Expr*}
        !           603: %destructor having_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           604: having_opt(A) ::= .                {A = 0;}
        !           605: having_opt(A) ::= HAVING expr(X).  {A = X.pExpr;}
        !           606: 
        !           607: %type limit_opt {struct LimitVal}
        !           608: 
        !           609: // The destructor for limit_opt will never fire in the current grammar.
        !           610: // The limit_opt non-terminal only occurs at the end of a single production
        !           611: // rule for SELECT statements.  As soon as the rule that create the 
        !           612: // limit_opt non-terminal reduces, the SELECT statement rule will also
        !           613: // reduce.  So there is never a limit_opt non-terminal on the stack 
        !           614: // except as a transient.  So there is never anything to destroy.
        !           615: //
        !           616: //%destructor limit_opt {
        !           617: //  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pLimit);
        !           618: //  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pOffset);
        !           619: //}
        !           620: limit_opt(A) ::= .                    {A.pLimit = 0; A.pOffset = 0;}
        !           621: limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X).       {A.pLimit = X.pExpr; A.pOffset = 0;}
        !           622: limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) OFFSET expr(Y). 
        !           623:                                       {A.pLimit = X.pExpr; A.pOffset = Y.pExpr;}
        !           624: limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) COMMA expr(Y). 
        !           625:                                       {A.pOffset = X.pExpr; A.pLimit = Y.pExpr;}
        !           626: 
        !           627: /////////////////////////// The DELETE statement /////////////////////////////
        !           628: //
        !           629: %ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
        !           630: cmd ::= DELETE FROM fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W) 
        !           631:         orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L). {
        !           632:   sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
        !           633:   W = sqlite3LimitWhere(pParse, X, W, O, L.pLimit, L.pOffset, "DELETE");
        !           634:   sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W);
        !           635: }
        !           636: %endif
        !           637: %ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
        !           638: cmd ::= DELETE FROM fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W). {
        !           639:   sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
        !           640:   sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W);
        !           641: }
        !           642: %endif
        !           643: 
        !           644: %type where_opt {Expr*}
        !           645: %destructor where_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           646: 
        !           647: where_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
        !           648: where_opt(A) ::= WHERE expr(X).       {A = X.pExpr;}
        !           649: 
        !           650: ////////////////////////// The UPDATE command ////////////////////////////////
        !           651: //
        !           652: %ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
        !           653: cmd ::= UPDATE orconf(R) fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(W) orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L).  {
        !           654:   sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
        !           655:   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
        !           656:   W = sqlite3LimitWhere(pParse, X, W, O, L.pLimit, L.pOffset, "UPDATE");
        !           657:   sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R);
        !           658: }
        !           659: %endif
        !           660: %ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
        !           661: cmd ::= UPDATE orconf(R) fullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(W).  {
        !           662:   sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
        !           663:   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
        !           664:   sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R);
        !           665: }
        !           666: %endif
        !           667: 
        !           668: %type setlist {ExprList*}
        !           669: %destructor setlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           670: 
        !           671: setlist(A) ::= setlist(Z) COMMA nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
        !           672:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, Z, Y.pExpr);
        !           673:   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
        !           674: }
        !           675: setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
        !           676:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, Y.pExpr);
        !           677:   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
        !           678: }
        !           679: 
        !           680: ////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
        !           681: //
        !           682: cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) 
        !           683:         VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.
        !           684:             {sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, Y, 0, F, R);}
        !           685: cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
        !           686:             {sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, S, F, R);}
        !           687: cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
        !           688:             {sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, 0, F, R);}
        !           689: 
        !           690: %type insert_cmd {u8}
        !           691: insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
        !           692: insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}
        !           693: 
        !           694: 
        !           695: %type itemlist {ExprList*}
        !           696: %destructor itemlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           697: 
        !           698: itemlist(A) ::= itemlist(X) COMMA expr(Y).
        !           699:     {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y.pExpr);}
        !           700: itemlist(A) ::= expr(X).
        !           701:     {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,X.pExpr);}
        !           702: 
        !           703: %type inscollist_opt {IdList*}
        !           704: %destructor inscollist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           705: %type inscollist {IdList*}
        !           706: %destructor inscollist {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !           707: 
        !           708: inscollist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
        !           709: inscollist_opt(A) ::= LP inscollist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
        !           710: inscollist(A) ::= inscollist(X) COMMA nm(Y).
        !           711:     {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,X,&Y);}
        !           712: inscollist(A) ::= nm(Y).
        !           713:     {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y);}
        !           714: 
        !           715: /////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
        !           716: //
        !           717: 
        !           718: %type expr {ExprSpan}
        !           719: %destructor expr {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pExpr);}
        !           720: %type term {ExprSpan}
        !           721: %destructor term {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$.pExpr);}
        !           722: 
        !           723: %include {
        !           724:   /* This is a utility routine used to set the ExprSpan.zStart and
        !           725:   ** ExprSpan.zEnd values of pOut so that the span covers the complete
        !           726:   ** range of text beginning with pStart and going to the end of pEnd.
        !           727:   */
        !           728:   static void spanSet(ExprSpan *pOut, Token *pStart, Token *pEnd){
        !           729:     pOut->zStart = pStart->z;
        !           730:     pOut->zEnd = &pEnd->z[pEnd->n];
        !           731:   }
        !           732: 
        !           733:   /* Construct a new Expr object from a single identifier.  Use the
        !           734:   ** new Expr to populate pOut.  Set the span of pOut to be the identifier
        !           735:   ** that created the expression.
        !           736:   */
        !           737:   static void spanExpr(ExprSpan *pOut, Parse *pParse, int op, Token *pValue){
        !           738:     pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, 0, 0, pValue);
        !           739:     pOut->zStart = pValue->z;
        !           740:     pOut->zEnd = &pValue->z[pValue->n];
        !           741:   }
        !           742: }
        !           743: 
        !           744: expr(A) ::= term(X).             {A = X;}
        !           745: expr(A) ::= LP(B) expr(X) RP(E). {A.pExpr = X.pExpr; spanSet(&A,&B,&E);}
        !           746: term(A) ::= NULL(X).             {spanExpr(&A, pParse, @X, &X);}
        !           747: expr(A) ::= id(X).               {spanExpr(&A, pParse, TK_ID, &X);}
        !           748: expr(A) ::= JOIN_KW(X).          {spanExpr(&A, pParse, TK_ID, &X);}
        !           749: expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y). {
        !           750:   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
        !           751:   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &Y);
        !           752:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2, 0);
        !           753:   spanSet(&A,&X,&Y);
        !           754: }
        !           755: expr(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y) DOT nm(Z). {
        !           756:   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &X);
        !           757:   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &Y);
        !           758:   Expr *temp3 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ID, 0, 0, &Z);
        !           759:   Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3, 0);
        !           760:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4, 0);
        !           761:   spanSet(&A,&X,&Z);
        !           762: }
        !           763: term(A) ::= INTEGER|FLOAT|BLOB(X).  {spanExpr(&A, pParse, @X, &X);}
        !           764: term(A) ::= STRING(X).              {spanExpr(&A, pParse, @X, &X);}
        !           765: expr(A) ::= REGISTER(X).     {
        !           766:   /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
        !           767:   ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
        !           768:   ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
        !           769:   if( pParse->nested==0 ){
        !           770:     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &X);
        !           771:     A.pExpr = 0;
        !           772:   }else{
        !           773:     A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0, &X);
        !           774:     if( A.pExpr ) sqlite3GetInt32(&X.z[1], &A.pExpr->iTable);
        !           775:   }
        !           776:   spanSet(&A, &X, &X);
        !           777: }
        !           778: expr(A) ::= VARIABLE(X).     {
        !           779:   spanExpr(&A, pParse, TK_VARIABLE, &X);
        !           780:   sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !           781:   spanSet(&A, &X, &X);
        !           782: }
        !           783: expr(A) ::= expr(E) COLLATE ids(C). {
        !           784:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, E.pExpr, &C);
        !           785:   A.zStart = E.zStart;
        !           786:   A.zEnd = &C.z[C.n];
        !           787: }
        !           788: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
        !           789: expr(A) ::= CAST(X) LP expr(E) AS typetoken(T) RP(Y). {
        !           790:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CAST, E.pExpr, 0, &T);
        !           791:   spanSet(&A,&X,&Y);
        !           792: }
        !           793: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
        !           794: expr(A) ::= ID(X) LP distinct(D) exprlist(Y) RP(E). {
        !           795:   if( Y && Y->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
        !           796:     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", &X);
        !           797:   }
        !           798:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, Y, &X);
        !           799:   spanSet(&A,&X,&E);
        !           800:   if( D && A.pExpr ){
        !           801:     A.pExpr->flags |= EP_Distinct;
        !           802:   }
        !           803: }
        !           804: expr(A) ::= ID(X) LP STAR RP(E). {
        !           805:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &X);
        !           806:   spanSet(&A,&X,&E);
        !           807: }
        !           808: term(A) ::= CTIME_KW(OP). {
        !           809:   /* The CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE, and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP values are
        !           810:   ** treated as functions that return constants */
        !           811:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0,&OP);
        !           812:   if( A.pExpr ){
        !           813:     A.pExpr->op = TK_CONST_FUNC;  
        !           814:   }
        !           815:   spanSet(&A, &OP, &OP);
        !           816: }
        !           817: 
        !           818: %include {
        !           819:   /* This routine constructs a binary expression node out of two ExprSpan
        !           820:   ** objects and uses the result to populate a new ExprSpan object.
        !           821:   */
        !           822:   static void spanBinaryExpr(
        !           823:     ExprSpan *pOut,     /* Write the result here */
        !           824:     Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context.  Errors accumulate here */
        !           825:     int op,             /* The binary operation */
        !           826:     ExprSpan *pLeft,    /* The left operand */
        !           827:     ExprSpan *pRight    /* The right operand */
        !           828:   ){
        !           829:     pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pLeft->pExpr, pRight->pExpr, 0);
        !           830:     pOut->zStart = pLeft->zStart;
        !           831:     pOut->zEnd = pRight->zEnd;
        !           832:   }
        !           833: }
        !           834: 
        !           835: expr(A) ::= expr(X) AND(OP) expr(Y).    {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           836: expr(A) ::= expr(X) OR(OP) expr(Y).     {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           837: expr(A) ::= expr(X) LT|GT|GE|LE(OP) expr(Y).
        !           838:                                         {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           839: expr(A) ::= expr(X) EQ|NE(OP) expr(Y).  {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           840: expr(A) ::= expr(X) BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT(OP) expr(Y).
        !           841:                                         {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           842: expr(A) ::= expr(X) PLUS|MINUS(OP) expr(Y).
        !           843:                                         {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           844: expr(A) ::= expr(X) STAR|SLASH|REM(OP) expr(Y).
        !           845:                                         {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           846: expr(A) ::= expr(X) CONCAT(OP) expr(Y). {spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,@OP,&X,&Y);}
        !           847: %type likeop {struct LikeOp}
        !           848: likeop(A) ::= LIKE_KW(X).     {A.eOperator = X; A.not = 0;}
        !           849: likeop(A) ::= NOT LIKE_KW(X). {A.eOperator = X; A.not = 1;}
        !           850: likeop(A) ::= MATCH(X).       {A.eOperator = X; A.not = 0;}
        !           851: likeop(A) ::= NOT MATCH(X).   {A.eOperator = X; A.not = 1;}
        !           852: expr(A) ::= expr(X) likeop(OP) expr(Y).  [LIKE_KW]  {
        !           853:   ExprList *pList;
        !           854:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
        !           855:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, X.pExpr);
        !           856:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &OP.eOperator);
        !           857:   if( OP.not ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           858:   A.zStart = X.zStart;
        !           859:   A.zEnd = Y.zEnd;
        !           860:   if( A.pExpr ) A.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
        !           861: }
        !           862: expr(A) ::= expr(X) likeop(OP) expr(Y) ESCAPE expr(E).  [LIKE_KW]  {
        !           863:   ExprList *pList;
        !           864:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
        !           865:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, X.pExpr);
        !           866:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, E.pExpr);
        !           867:   A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &OP.eOperator);
        !           868:   if( OP.not ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           869:   A.zStart = X.zStart;
        !           870:   A.zEnd = E.zEnd;
        !           871:   if( A.pExpr ) A.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
        !           872: }
        !           873: 
        !           874: %include {
        !           875:   /* Construct an expression node for a unary postfix operator
        !           876:   */
        !           877:   static void spanUnaryPostfix(
        !           878:     ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
        !           879:     Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
        !           880:     int op,                /* The operator */
        !           881:     ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
        !           882:     Token *pPostOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
        !           883:   ){
        !           884:     pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           885:     pOut->zStart = pOperand->zStart;
        !           886:     pOut->zEnd = &pPostOp->z[pPostOp->n];
        !           887:   }                           
        !           888: }
        !           889: 
        !           890: expr(A) ::= expr(X) ISNULL|NOTNULL(E).   {spanUnaryPostfix(&A,pParse,@E,&X,&E);}
        !           891: expr(A) ::= expr(X) NOT NULL(E). {spanUnaryPostfix(&A,pParse,TK_NOTNULL,&X,&E);}
        !           892: 
        !           893: %include {
        !           894:   /* A routine to convert a binary TK_IS or TK_ISNOT expression into a
        !           895:   ** unary TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL expression. */
        !           896:   static void binaryToUnaryIfNull(Parse *pParse, Expr *pY, Expr *pA, int op){
        !           897:     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
        !           898:     if( db->mallocFailed==0 && pY->op==TK_NULL ){
        !           899:       pA->op = (u8)op;
        !           900:       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pA->pRight);
        !           901:       pA->pRight = 0;
        !           902:     }
        !           903:   }
        !           904: }
        !           905: 
        !           906: //    expr1 IS expr2
        !           907: //    expr1 IS NOT expr2
        !           908: //
        !           909: // If expr2 is NULL then code as TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL.  If expr2
        !           910: // is any other expression, code as TK_IS or TK_ISNOT.
        !           911: // 
        !           912: expr(A) ::= expr(X) IS expr(Y).     {
        !           913:   spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,TK_IS,&X,&Y);
        !           914:   binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, Y.pExpr, A.pExpr, TK_ISNULL);
        !           915: }
        !           916: expr(A) ::= expr(X) IS NOT expr(Y). {
        !           917:   spanBinaryExpr(&A,pParse,TK_ISNOT,&X,&Y);
        !           918:   binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, Y.pExpr, A.pExpr, TK_NOTNULL);
        !           919: }
        !           920: 
        !           921: %include {
        !           922:   /* Construct an expression node for a unary prefix operator
        !           923:   */
        !           924:   static void spanUnaryPrefix(
        !           925:     ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
        !           926:     Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
        !           927:     int op,                /* The operator */
        !           928:     ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
        !           929:     Token *pPreOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
        !           930:   ){
        !           931:     pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           932:     pOut->zStart = pPreOp->z;
        !           933:     pOut->zEnd = pOperand->zEnd;
        !           934:   }
        !           935: }
        !           936: 
        !           937: 
        !           938: 
        !           939: expr(A) ::= NOT(B) expr(X).    {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,@B,&X,&B);}
        !           940: expr(A) ::= BITNOT(B) expr(X). {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,@B,&X,&B);}
        !           941: expr(A) ::= MINUS(B) expr(X). [BITNOT]
        !           942:                                {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,TK_UMINUS,&X,&B);}
        !           943: expr(A) ::= PLUS(B) expr(X). [BITNOT]
        !           944:                                {spanUnaryPrefix(&A,pParse,TK_UPLUS,&X,&B);}
        !           945: 
        !           946: %type between_op {int}
        !           947: between_op(A) ::= BETWEEN.     {A = 0;}
        !           948: between_op(A) ::= NOT BETWEEN. {A = 1;}
        !           949: expr(A) ::= expr(W) between_op(N) expr(X) AND expr(Y). [BETWEEN] {
        !           950:   ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, X.pExpr);
        !           951:   pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, Y.pExpr);
        !           952:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, W.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           953:   if( A.pExpr ){
        !           954:     A.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
        !           955:   }else{
        !           956:     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
        !           957:   } 
        !           958:   if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           959:   A.zStart = W.zStart;
        !           960:   A.zEnd = Y.zEnd;
        !           961: }
        !           962: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
        !           963:   %type in_op {int}
        !           964:   in_op(A) ::= IN.      {A = 0;}
        !           965:   in_op(A) ::= NOT IN.  {A = 1;}
        !           966:   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP exprlist(Y) RP(E). [IN] {
        !           967:     if( Y==0 ){
        !           968:       /* Expressions of the form
        !           969:       **
        !           970:       **      expr1 IN ()
        !           971:       **      expr1 NOT IN ()
        !           972:       **
        !           973:       ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
        !           974:       ** regardless of the value of expr1.
        !           975:       */
        !           976:       A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0, &sqlite3IntTokens[N]);
        !           977:       sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, X.pExpr);
        !           978:     }else{
        !           979:       A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           980:       if( A.pExpr ){
        !           981:         A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        !           982:         sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !           983:       }else{
        !           984:         sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
        !           985:       }
        !           986:       if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !           987:     }
        !           988:     A.zStart = X.zStart;
        !           989:     A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
        !           990:   }
        !           991:   expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
        !           992:     A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
        !           993:     if( A.pExpr ){
        !           994:       A.pExpr->x.pSelect = X;
        !           995:       ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
        !           996:       sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !           997:     }else{
        !           998:       sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
        !           999:     }
        !          1000:     A.zStart = B.z;
        !          1001:     A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
        !          1002:   }
        !          1003:   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
        !          1004:     A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !          1005:     if( A.pExpr ){
        !          1006:       A.pExpr->x.pSelect = Y;
        !          1007:       ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
        !          1008:       sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !          1009:     }else{
        !          1010:       sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
        !          1011:     }
        !          1012:     if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !          1013:     A.zStart = X.zStart;
        !          1014:     A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
        !          1015:   }
        !          1016:   expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
        !          1017:     SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
        !          1018:     A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !          1019:     if( A.pExpr ){
        !          1020:       A.pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
        !          1021:       ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
        !          1022:       sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !          1023:     }else{
        !          1024:       sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
        !          1025:     }
        !          1026:     if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
        !          1027:     A.zStart = X.zStart;
        !          1028:     A.zEnd = Z.z ? &Z.z[Z.n] : &Y.z[Y.n];
        !          1029:   }
        !          1030:   expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
        !          1031:     Expr *p = A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
        !          1032:     if( p ){
        !          1033:       p->x.pSelect = Y;
        !          1034:       ExprSetProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect);
        !          1035:       sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, p);
        !          1036:     }else{
        !          1037:       sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
        !          1038:     }
        !          1039:     A.zStart = B.z;
        !          1040:     A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
        !          1041:   }
        !          1042: %endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
        !          1043: 
        !          1044: /* CASE expressions */
        !          1045: expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
        !          1046:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, Z, 0);
        !          1047:   if( A.pExpr ){
        !          1048:     A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        !          1049:     sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
        !          1050:   }else{
        !          1051:     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
        !          1052:   }
        !          1053:   A.zStart = C.z;
        !          1054:   A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
        !          1055: }
        !          1056: %type case_exprlist {ExprList*}
        !          1057: %destructor case_exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1058: case_exprlist(A) ::= case_exprlist(X) WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
        !          1059:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X, Y.pExpr);
        !          1060:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, Z.pExpr);
        !          1061: }
        !          1062: case_exprlist(A) ::= WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {
        !          1063:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, Y.pExpr);
        !          1064:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,A, Z.pExpr);
        !          1065: }
        !          1066: %type case_else {Expr*}
        !          1067: %destructor case_else {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1068: case_else(A) ::=  ELSE expr(X).         {A = X.pExpr;}
        !          1069: case_else(A) ::=  .                     {A = 0;} 
        !          1070: %type case_operand {Expr*}
        !          1071: %destructor case_operand {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1072: case_operand(A) ::= expr(X).            {A = X.pExpr;} 
        !          1073: case_operand(A) ::= .                   {A = 0;} 
        !          1074: 
        !          1075: %type exprlist {ExprList*}
        !          1076: %destructor exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1077: %type nexprlist {ExprList*}
        !          1078: %destructor nexprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1079: 
        !          1080: exprlist(A) ::= nexprlist(X).                {A = X;}
        !          1081: exprlist(A) ::= .                            {A = 0;}
        !          1082: nexprlist(A) ::= nexprlist(X) COMMA expr(Y).
        !          1083:     {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y.pExpr);}
        !          1084: nexprlist(A) ::= expr(Y).
        !          1085:     {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);}
        !          1086: 
        !          1087: 
        !          1088: ///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
        !          1089: //
        !          1090: cmd ::= createkw(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX ifnotexists(NE) nm(X) dbnm(D)
        !          1091:         ON nm(Y) LP idxlist(Z) RP(E). {
        !          1092:   sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, 
        !          1093:                      sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y,0), Z, U,
        !          1094:                       &S, &E, SQLITE_SO_ASC, NE);
        !          1095: }
        !          1096: 
        !          1097: %type uniqueflag {int}
        !          1098: uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
        !          1099: uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}
        !          1100: 
        !          1101: %type idxlist {ExprList*}
        !          1102: %destructor idxlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1103: %type idxlist_opt {ExprList*}
        !          1104: %destructor idxlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1105: 
        !          1106: idxlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
        !          1107: idxlist_opt(A) ::= LP idxlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
        !          1108: idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {
        !          1109:   Expr *p = 0;
        !          1110:   if( C.n>0 ){
        !          1111:     p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
        !          1112:     sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &C);
        !          1113:   }
        !          1114:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X, p);
        !          1115:   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse,A,&Y,1);
        !          1116:   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
        !          1117:   if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
        !          1118: }
        !          1119: idxlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
        !          1120:   Expr *p = 0;
        !          1121:   if( C.n>0 ){
        !          1122:     p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
        !          1123:     sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &C);
        !          1124:   }
        !          1125:   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p);
        !          1126:   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &Y, 1);
        !          1127:   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
        !          1128:   if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
        !          1129: }
        !          1130: 
        !          1131: %type collate {Token}
        !          1132: collate(C) ::= .                 {C.z = 0; C.n = 0;}
        !          1133: collate(C) ::= COLLATE ids(X).   {C = X;}
        !          1134: 
        !          1135: 
        !          1136: ///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
        !          1137: //
        !          1138: cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists(E) fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X, E);}
        !          1139: 
        !          1140: ///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
        !          1141: //
        !          1142: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
        !          1143: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
        !          1144: cmd ::= VACUUM.                {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse);}
        !          1145: cmd ::= VACUUM nm.             {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse);}
        !          1146: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
        !          1147: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
        !          1148: 
        !          1149: ///////////////////////////// The PRAGMA command /////////////////////////////
        !          1150: //
        !          1151: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
        !          1152: cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z).                {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,0,0);}
        !          1153: cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ nmnum(Y).    {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
        !          1154: cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP nmnum(Y) RP. {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
        !          1155: cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ minus_num(Y). 
        !          1156:                                              {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);}
        !          1157: cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP minus_num(Y) RP.
        !          1158:                                              {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);}
        !          1159: 
        !          1160: nmnum(A) ::= plus_num(X).             {A = X;}
        !          1161: nmnum(A) ::= nm(X).                   {A = X;}
        !          1162: nmnum(A) ::= ON(X).                   {A = X;}
        !          1163: nmnum(A) ::= DELETE(X).               {A = X;}
        !          1164: nmnum(A) ::= DEFAULT(X).              {A = X;}
        !          1165: %endif SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
        !          1166: plus_num(A) ::= plus_opt number(X).   {A = X;}
        !          1167: minus_num(A) ::= MINUS number(X).     {A = X;}
        !          1168: number(A) ::= INTEGER|FLOAT(X).       {A = X;}
        !          1169: plus_opt ::= PLUS.
        !          1170: plus_opt ::= .
        !          1171: 
        !          1172: //////////////////////////// The CREATE TRIGGER command /////////////////////
        !          1173: 
        !          1174: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
        !          1175: 
        !          1176: cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl(A) BEGIN trigger_cmd_list(S) END(Z). {
        !          1177:   Token all;
        !          1178:   all.z = A.z;
        !          1179:   all.n = (int)(Z.z - A.z) + Z.n;
        !          1180:   sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, S, &all);
        !          1181: }
        !          1182: 
        !          1183: trigger_decl(A) ::= temp(T) TRIGGER ifnotexists(NOERR) nm(B) dbnm(Z) 
        !          1184:                     trigger_time(C) trigger_event(D)
        !          1185:                     ON fullname(E) foreach_clause when_clause(G). {
        !          1186:   sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &B, &Z, C, D.a, D.b, E, G, T, NOERR);
        !          1187:   A = (Z.n==0?B:Z);
        !          1188: }
        !          1189: 
        !          1190: %type trigger_time {int}
        !          1191: trigger_time(A) ::= BEFORE.      { A = TK_BEFORE; }
        !          1192: trigger_time(A) ::= AFTER.       { A = TK_AFTER;  }
        !          1193: trigger_time(A) ::= INSTEAD OF.  { A = TK_INSTEAD;}
        !          1194: trigger_time(A) ::= .            { A = TK_BEFORE; }
        !          1195: 
        !          1196: %type trigger_event {struct TrigEvent}
        !          1197: %destructor trigger_event {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$.b);}
        !          1198: trigger_event(A) ::= DELETE|INSERT(OP).       {A.a = @OP; A.b = 0;}
        !          1199: trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE(OP).              {A.a = @OP; A.b = 0;}
        !          1200: trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE OF inscollist(X). {A.a = TK_UPDATE; A.b = X;}
        !          1201: 
        !          1202: foreach_clause ::= .
        !          1203: foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW.
        !          1204: 
        !          1205: %type when_clause {Expr*}
        !          1206: %destructor when_clause {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1207: when_clause(A) ::= .             { A = 0; }
        !          1208: when_clause(A) ::= WHEN expr(X). { A = X.pExpr; }
        !          1209: 
        !          1210: %type trigger_cmd_list {TriggerStep*}
        !          1211: %destructor trigger_cmd_list {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1212: trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= trigger_cmd_list(Y) trigger_cmd(X) SEMI. {
        !          1213:   assert( Y!=0 );
        !          1214:   Y->pLast->pNext = X;
        !          1215:   Y->pLast = X;
        !          1216:   A = Y;
        !          1217: }
        !          1218: trigger_cmd_list(A) ::= trigger_cmd(X) SEMI. { 
        !          1219:   assert( X!=0 );
        !          1220:   X->pLast = X;
        !          1221:   A = X;
        !          1222: }
        !          1223: 
        !          1224: // Disallow qualified table names on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements
        !          1225: // within a trigger.  The table to INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE is always in 
        !          1226: // the same database as the table that the trigger fires on.
        !          1227: //
        !          1228: %type trnm {Token}
        !          1229: trnm(A) ::= nm(X).   {A = X;}
        !          1230: trnm(A) ::= nm DOT nm(X). {
        !          1231:   A = X;
        !          1232:   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
        !          1233:         "qualified table names are not allowed on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE "
        !          1234:         "statements within triggers");
        !          1235: }
        !          1236: 
        !          1237: // Disallow the INDEX BY and NOT INDEXED clauses on UPDATE and DELETE
        !          1238: // statements within triggers.  We make a specific error message for this
        !          1239: // since it is an exception to the default grammar rules.
        !          1240: //
        !          1241: tridxby ::= .
        !          1242: tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm. {
        !          1243:   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
        !          1244:         "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
        !          1245:         "within triggers");
        !          1246: }
        !          1247: tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED. {
        !          1248:   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
        !          1249:         "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
        !          1250:         "within triggers");
        !          1251: }
        !          1252: 
        !          1253: 
        !          1254: 
        !          1255: %type trigger_cmd {TriggerStep*}
        !          1256: %destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1257: // UPDATE 
        !          1258: trigger_cmd(A) ::=
        !          1259:    UPDATE orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
        !          1260:    { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R); }
        !          1261: 
        !          1262: // INSERT
        !          1263: trigger_cmd(A) ::=
        !          1264:    insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) inscollist_opt(F) VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.  
        !          1265:    {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, Y, 0, R);}
        !          1266: 
        !          1267: trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
        !          1268:                {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, 0, S, R);}
        !          1269: 
        !          1270: // DELETE
        !          1271: trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y).
        !          1272:                {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y);}
        !          1273: 
        !          1274: // SELECT
        !          1275: trigger_cmd(A) ::= select(X).  {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, X); }
        !          1276: 
        !          1277: // The special RAISE expression that may occur in trigger programs
        !          1278: expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP IGNORE RP(Y).  {
        !          1279:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, 0); 
        !          1280:   if( A.pExpr ){
        !          1281:     A.pExpr->affinity = OE_Ignore;
        !          1282:   }
        !          1283:   A.zStart = X.z;
        !          1284:   A.zEnd = &Y.z[Y.n];
        !          1285: }
        !          1286: expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP raisetype(T) COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
        !          1287:   A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z); 
        !          1288:   if( A.pExpr ) {
        !          1289:     A.pExpr->affinity = (char)T;
        !          1290:   }
        !          1291:   A.zStart = X.z;
        !          1292:   A.zEnd = &Y.z[Y.n];
        !          1293: }
        !          1294: %endif  !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
        !          1295: 
        !          1296: %type raisetype {int}
        !          1297: raisetype(A) ::= ROLLBACK.  {A = OE_Rollback;}
        !          1298: raisetype(A) ::= ABORT.     {A = OE_Abort;}
        !          1299: raisetype(A) ::= FAIL.      {A = OE_Fail;}
        !          1300: 
        !          1301: 
        !          1302: ////////////////////////  DROP TRIGGER statement //////////////////////////////
        !          1303: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
        !          1304: cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists(NOERR) fullname(X). {
        !          1305:   sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,X,NOERR);
        !          1306: }
        !          1307: %endif  !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
        !          1308: 
        !          1309: //////////////////////// ATTACH DATABASE file AS name /////////////////////////
        !          1310: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
        !          1311: cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr(F) AS expr(D) key_opt(K). {
        !          1312:   sqlite3Attach(pParse, F.pExpr, D.pExpr, K);
        !          1313: }
        !          1314: cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr(D). {
        !          1315:   sqlite3Detach(pParse, D.pExpr);
        !          1316: }
        !          1317: 
        !          1318: %type key_opt {Expr*}
        !          1319: %destructor key_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
        !          1320: key_opt(A) ::= .                     { A = 0; }
        !          1321: key_opt(A) ::= KEY expr(X).          { A = X.pExpr; }
        !          1322: 
        !          1323: database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE.
        !          1324: database_kw_opt ::= .
        !          1325: %endif SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
        !          1326: 
        !          1327: ////////////////////////// REINDEX collation //////////////////////////////////
        !          1328: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
        !          1329: cmd ::= REINDEX.                {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
        !          1330: cmd ::= REINDEX nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &X, &Y);}
        !          1331: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
        !          1332: 
        !          1333: /////////////////////////////////// ANALYZE ///////////////////////////////////
        !          1334: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
        !          1335: cmd ::= ANALYZE.                {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
        !          1336: cmd ::= ANALYZE nm(X) dbnm(Y).  {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &X, &Y);}
        !          1337: %endif
        !          1338: 
        !          1339: //////////////////////// ALTER TABLE table ... ////////////////////////////////
        !          1340: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
        !          1341: cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname(X) RENAME TO nm(Z). {
        !          1342:   sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,X,&Z);
        !          1343: }
        !          1344: cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt column(Y). {
        !          1345:   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &Y);
        !          1346: }
        !          1347: add_column_fullname ::= fullname(X). {
        !          1348:   pParse->db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
        !          1349:   sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, X);
        !          1350: }
        !          1351: kwcolumn_opt ::= .
        !          1352: kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW.
        !          1353: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
        !          1354: 
        !          1355: //////////////////////// CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ... /////////////////////////////
        !          1356: %ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
        !          1357: cmd ::= create_vtab.                       {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
        !          1358: cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP(X).  {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&X);}
        !          1359: create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE nm(X) dbnm(Y) USING nm(Z). {
        !          1360:     sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z);
        !          1361: }
        !          1362: vtabarglist ::= vtabarg.
        !          1363: vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg.
        !          1364: vtabarg ::= .                       {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
        !          1365: vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken.
        !          1366: vtabargtoken ::= ANY(X).            {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
        !          1367: vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP(X).  {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
        !          1368: lp ::= LP(X).                       {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&X);}
        !          1369: anylist ::= .
        !          1370: anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP.
        !          1371: anylist ::= anylist ANY.
        !          1372: %endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE

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