Annotation of embedaddon/sqlite3/test/e_expr.test, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       misho       1: # 2010 July 16
                      2: #
                      3: # The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
                      4: # a legal notice, here is a blessing:
                      5: #
                      6: #    May you do good and not evil.
                      7: #    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
                      8: #    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
                      9: #
                     10: #***********************************************************************
                     11: #
                     12: # This file implements tests to verify that the "testable statements" in 
                     13: # the lang_expr.html document are correct.
                     14: #
                     15: 
                     16: set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
                     17: source $testdir/tester.tcl
                     18: source $testdir/malloc_common.tcl
                     19: 
                     20: 
                     21: proc do_expr_test {tn expr type value} {
                     22:   uplevel do_execsql_test $tn [list "SELECT typeof($expr), $expr"] [
                     23:     list [list $type $value]
                     24:   ]
                     25: }
                     26: 
                     27: proc do_qexpr_test {tn expr value} {
                     28:   uplevel do_execsql_test $tn [list "SELECT quote($expr)"] [list $value]
                     29: }
                     30: 
                     31: # Set up three global variables:
                     32: #
                     33: #   ::opname         An array mapping from SQL operator to an easy to parse
                     34: #                    name. The names are used as part of test case names.
                     35: #
                     36: #   ::opprec         An array mapping from SQL operator to a numeric
                     37: #                    precedence value. Operators that group more tightly
                     38: #                    have lower numeric precedences.
                     39: #
                     40: #   ::oplist         A list of all SQL operators supported by SQLite.
                     41: #
                     42: foreach {op opn} {
                     43:       ||   cat     *   mul       /  div       %     mod       +      add
                     44:       -    sub     <<  lshift    >> rshift    &     bitand    |      bitor
                     45:       <    less    <=  lesseq    >  more      >=    moreeq    =      eq1
                     46:       ==   eq2     <>  ne1       != ne2       IS    is        LIKE   like
                     47:       GLOB glob    AND and       OR or        MATCH match     REGEXP regexp
                     48:       {IS NOT} isnt
                     49: } {
                     50:   set ::opname($op) $opn
                     51: }
                     52: set oplist [list]
                     53: foreach {prec opl} {
                     54:   1   ||
                     55:   2   {* / %}
                     56:   3   {+ -}
                     57:   4   {<< >> & |}
                     58:   5   {< <= > >=}
                     59:   6   {= == != <> IS {IS NOT} LIKE GLOB MATCH REGEXP}
                     60:   7   AND
                     61:   8   OR
                     62: } {
                     63:   foreach op $opl { 
                     64:     set ::opprec($op) $prec 
                     65:     lappend oplist $op
                     66:   }
                     67: }
                     68: 
                     69: 
                     70: # Hook in definitions of MATCH and REGEX. The following implementations
                     71: # cause MATCH and REGEX to behave similarly to the == operator.
                     72: #
                     73: proc matchfunc {a b} { return [expr {$a==$b}] }
                     74: proc regexfunc {a b} { return [expr {$a==$b}] }
                     75: db func match  -argcount 2 matchfunc
                     76: db func regexp -argcount 2 regexfunc
                     77: 
                     78: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     79: # Test cases e_expr-1.* attempt to verify that all binary operators listed
                     80: # in the documentation exist and that the relative precedences of the
                     81: # operators are also as the documentation suggests.
                     82: #
                     83: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15514-65163 SQLite understands the following binary
                     84: # operators, in order from highest to lowest precedence: || * / % + -
                     85: # << >> & | < <= > >= = == != <> IS IS
                     86: # NOT IN LIKE GLOB MATCH REGEXP AND OR
                     87: #
                     88: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38759-38789 Operators IS and IS NOT have the same
                     89: # precedence as =.
                     90: #
                     91: 
                     92: unset -nocomplain untested
                     93: foreach op1 $oplist {
                     94:   foreach op2 $oplist {
                     95:     set untested($op1,$op2) 1
                     96:     foreach {tn A B C} {
                     97:        1     22   45    66
                     98:        2      0    0     0
                     99:        3      0    0     1
                    100:        4      0    1     0
                    101:        5      0    1     1
                    102:        6      1    0     0
                    103:        7      1    0     1
                    104:        8      1    1     0
                    105:        9      1    1     1
                    106:       10      5    6     1
                    107:       11      1    5     6
                    108:       12      1    5     5
                    109:       13      5    5     1
                    110: 
                    111:       14      5    2     1
                    112:       15      1    4     1
                    113:       16     -1    0     1
                    114:       17      0    1    -1
                    115: 
                    116:     } {
                    117:       set testname "e_expr-1.$opname($op1).$opname($op2).$tn"
                    118: 
                    119:       # If $op2 groups more tightly than $op1, then the result
                    120:       # of executing $sql1 whould be the same as executing $sql3.
                    121:       # If $op1 groups more tightly, or if $op1 and $op2 have 
                    122:       # the same precedence, then executing $sql1 should return
                    123:       # the same value as $sql2.
                    124:       #
                    125:       set sql1 "SELECT $A $op1 $B $op2 $C"
                    126:       set sql2 "SELECT ($A $op1 $B) $op2 $C"
                    127:       set sql3 "SELECT $A $op1 ($B $op2 $C)"
                    128: 
                    129:       set a2 [db one $sql2]
                    130:       set a3 [db one $sql3]
                    131: 
                    132:       do_execsql_test $testname $sql1 [list [
                    133:         if {$opprec($op2) < $opprec($op1)} {set a3} {set a2}
                    134:       ]]
                    135:       if {$a2 != $a3} { unset -nocomplain untested($op1,$op2) }
                    136:     }
                    137:   }
                    138: }
                    139: 
                    140: foreach op {* AND OR + || & |} { unset untested($op,$op) }
                    141: unset untested(+,-)  ;#       Since    (a+b)-c == a+(b-c)
                    142: unset untested(*,<<) ;#       Since    (a*b)<<c == a*(b<<c)
                    143: 
                    144: do_test e_expr-1.1 { array names untested } {}
                    145: 
                    146: # At one point, test 1.2.2 was failing. Instead of the correct result, it
                    147: # was returning {1 1 0}. This would seem to indicate that LIKE has the
                    148: # same precedence as '<'. Which is incorrect. It has lower precedence.
                    149: #
                    150: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.1 { 
                    151:   SELECT 0 < 2 LIKE 1,   (0 < 2) LIKE 1,   0 < (2 LIKE 1)
                    152: } {1 1 0}
                    153: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.2 { 
                    154:   SELECT 0 LIKE 0 < 2,   (0 LIKE 0) < 2,   0 LIKE (0 < 2)
                    155: } {0 1 0}
                    156: 
                    157: # Showing that LIKE and == have the same precedence
                    158: #
                    159: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.3 { 
                    160:   SELECT 2 LIKE 2 == 1,   (2 LIKE 2) == 1,    2 LIKE (2 == 1)
                    161: } {1 1 0}
                    162: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.4 { 
                    163:   SELECT 2 == 2 LIKE 1,   (2 == 2) LIKE 1,    2 == (2 LIKE 1)
                    164: } {1 1 0}
                    165: 
                    166: # Showing that < groups more tightly than == (< has higher precedence). 
                    167: #
                    168: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.2.5 { 
                    169:   SELECT 0 < 2 == 1,   (0 < 2) == 1,   0 < (2 == 1)
                    170: } {1 1 0}
                    171: do_execsql_test e_expr-1.6 { 
                    172:   SELECT 0 == 0 < 2,   (0 == 0) < 2,   0 == (0 < 2)
                    173: } {0 1 0}
                    174: 
                    175: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    176: # Check that the four unary prefix operators mentioned in the 
                    177: # documentation exist.
                    178: #
                    179: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13958-53419 Supported unary prefix operators are these:
                    180: # - + ~ NOT
                    181: #
                    182: do_execsql_test e_expr-2.1 { SELECT -   10   } {-10}
                    183: do_execsql_test e_expr-2.2 { SELECT +   10   } {10}
                    184: do_execsql_test e_expr-2.3 { SELECT ~   10   } {-11}
                    185: do_execsql_test e_expr-2.4 { SELECT NOT 10   } {0}
                    186: 
                    187: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    188: # Tests for the two statements made regarding the unary + operator.
                    189: #
                    190: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-53670-03373 The unary operator + is a no-op.
                    191: #
                    192: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19480-30968 It can be applied to strings, numbers,
                    193: # blobs or NULL and it always returns a result with the same value as
                    194: # the operand.
                    195: #
                    196: foreach {tn literal type} {
                    197:   1     'helloworld'   text
                    198:   2     45             integer
                    199:   3     45.2           real
                    200:   4     45.0           real
                    201:   5     X'ABCDEF'      blob
                    202:   6     NULL           null
                    203: } {
                    204:   set sql " SELECT quote( + $literal ), typeof( + $literal) "
                    205:   do_execsql_test e_expr-3.$tn $sql [list $literal $type]
                    206: }
                    207: 
                    208: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    209: # Check that both = and == are both acceptable as the "equals" operator.
                    210: # Similarly, either != or <> work as the not-equals operator.
                    211: #
                    212: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-03679-60639 Equals can be either = or ==.
                    213: #
                    214: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30082-38996 The non-equals operator can be either != or
                    215: # <>.
                    216: #
                    217: foreach {tn literal different} {
                    218:   1   'helloworld'  '12345'
                    219:   2   22            23
                    220:   3   'xyz'         X'78797A'
                    221:   4   X'78797A00'   'xyz'
                    222: } {
                    223:   do_execsql_test e_expr-4.$tn "
                    224:     SELECT $literal  = $literal,   $literal == $literal,
                    225:            $literal  = $different, $literal == $different,
                    226:            $literal  = NULL,       $literal == NULL,
                    227:            $literal != $literal,   $literal <> $literal,
                    228:            $literal != $different, $literal <> $different,
                    229:            $literal != NULL,       $literal != NULL
                    230: 
                    231:   " {1 1 0 0 {} {} 0 0 1 1 {} {}}
                    232: }
                    233: 
                    234: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    235: # Test the || operator.
                    236: #
                    237: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44409-62641 The || operator is "concatenate" - it joins
                    238: # together the two strings of its operands.
                    239: #
                    240: foreach {tn a b} {
                    241:   1   'helloworld'  '12345'
                    242:   2   22            23
                    243: } {
                    244:   set as [db one "SELECT $a"]
                    245:   set bs [db one "SELECT $b"]
                    246:   
                    247:   do_execsql_test e_expr-5.$tn "SELECT $a || $b" [list "${as}${bs}"]
                    248: }
                    249: 
                    250: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    251: # Test the % operator.
                    252: #
                    253: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-08914-63790 The operator % outputs the value of its
                    254: # left operand modulo its right operand.
                    255: #
                    256: do_execsql_test e_expr-6.1 {SELECT  72%5}  {2}
                    257: do_execsql_test e_expr-6.2 {SELECT  72%-5} {2}
                    258: do_execsql_test e_expr-6.3 {SELECT -72%-5} {-2}
                    259: do_execsql_test e_expr-6.4 {SELECT -72%5}  {-2}
                    260: 
                    261: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    262: # Test that the results of all binary operators are either numeric or 
                    263: # NULL, except for the || operator, which may evaluate to either a text
                    264: # value or NULL.
                    265: #
                    266: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-20665-17792 The result of any binary operator is either
                    267: # a numeric value or NULL, except for the || concatenation operator
                    268: # which always evaluates to either NULL or a text value.
                    269: #
                    270: set literals {
                    271:   1 'abc'        2 'hexadecimal'       3 ''
                    272:   4 123          5 -123                6 0
                    273:   7 123.4        8 0.0                 9 -123.4
                    274:  10 X'ABCDEF'   11 X''                12 X'0000'
                    275:  13     NULL
                    276: }
                    277: foreach op $oplist {
                    278:   foreach {n1 rhs} $literals { 
                    279:   foreach {n2 lhs} $literals {
                    280: 
                    281:     set t [db one " SELECT typeof($lhs $op $rhs) "]
                    282:     do_test e_expr-7.$opname($op).$n1.$n2 {
                    283:       expr {
                    284:            ($op=="||" && ($t == "text" || $t == "null"))
                    285:         || ($op!="||" && ($t == "integer" || $t == "real" || $t == "null"))
                    286:       }
                    287:     } 1
                    288: 
                    289:   }}
                    290: }
                    291: 
                    292: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    293: # Test the IS and IS NOT operators.
                    294: #
                    295: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24731-45773 The IS and IS NOT operators work like = and
                    296: # != except when one or both of the operands are NULL.
                    297: #
                    298: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-06325-15315 In this case, if both operands are NULL,
                    299: # then the IS operator evaluates to 1 (true) and the IS NOT operator
                    300: # evaluates to 0 (false).
                    301: #
                    302: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19812-36779 If one operand is NULL and the other is
                    303: # not, then the IS operator evaluates to 0 (false) and the IS NOT
                    304: # operator is 1 (true).
                    305: #
                    306: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-61975-13410 It is not possible for an IS or IS NOT
                    307: # expression to evaluate to NULL.
                    308: #
                    309: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.1  { SELECT NULL IS     NULL } {1}
                    310: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.2  { SELECT 'ab' IS     NULL } {0}
                    311: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.3  { SELECT NULL IS     'ab' } {0}
                    312: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.4  { SELECT 'ab' IS     'ab' } {1}
                    313: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.5  { SELECT NULL ==     NULL } {{}}
                    314: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.6  { SELECT 'ab' ==     NULL } {{}}
                    315: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.7  { SELECT NULL ==     'ab' } {{}}
                    316: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.8  { SELECT 'ab' ==     'ab' } {1}
                    317: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.9  { SELECT NULL IS NOT NULL } {0}
                    318: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.10 { SELECT 'ab' IS NOT NULL } {1}
                    319: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.11 { SELECT NULL IS NOT 'ab' } {1}
                    320: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.12 { SELECT 'ab' IS NOT 'ab' } {0}
                    321: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.13 { SELECT NULL !=     NULL } {{}}
                    322: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.14 { SELECT 'ab' !=     NULL } {{}}
                    323: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.15 { SELECT NULL !=     'ab' } {{}}
                    324: do_execsql_test e_expr-8.1.16 { SELECT 'ab' !=     'ab' } {0}
                    325: 
                    326: foreach {n1 rhs} $literals { 
                    327:   foreach {n2 lhs} $literals {
                    328:     if {$rhs!="NULL" && $lhs!="NULL"} {
                    329:       set eq [execsql "SELECT $lhs = $rhs, $lhs != $rhs"]
                    330:     } else {
                    331:       set eq [list [expr {$lhs=="NULL" && $rhs=="NULL"}] \
                    332:                    [expr {$lhs!="NULL" || $rhs!="NULL"}]
                    333:       ]
                    334:     }
                    335:     set test e_expr-8.2.$n1.$n2
                    336:     do_execsql_test $test.1 "SELECT $lhs IS $rhs, $lhs IS NOT $rhs" $eq
                    337:     do_execsql_test $test.2 "
                    338:       SELECT ($lhs IS $rhs) IS NULL, ($lhs IS NOT $rhs) IS NULL
                    339:     " {0 0}
                    340:   }
                    341: }
                    342: 
                    343: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    344: # Run some tests on the COLLATE "unary postfix operator".
                    345: #
                    346: # This collation sequence reverses both arguments before using 
                    347: # [string compare] to compare them. For example, when comparing the
                    348: # strings 'one' and 'four', return the result of:
                    349: #   
                    350: #   string compare eno ruof
                    351: #
                    352: proc reverse_str {zStr} {
                    353:   set out ""
                    354:   foreach c [split $zStr {}] { set out "${c}${out}" }
                    355:   set out
                    356: }
                    357: proc reverse_collate {zLeft zRight} {
                    358:   string compare [reverse_str $zLeft] [reverse_str $zRight]
                    359: }
                    360: db collate reverse reverse_collate
                    361: 
                    362: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-59577-33471 The COLLATE operator is a unary postfix
                    363: # operator that assigns a collating sequence to an expression.
                    364: #
                    365: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23441-22541 The COLLATE operator has a higher
                    366: # precedence (binds more tightly) than any prefix unary operator or any
                    367: # binary operator.
                    368: #
                    369: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.1 { SELECT  'abcd' < 'bbbb'    COLLATE reverse } 0
                    370: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.2 { SELECT ('abcd' < 'bbbb')   COLLATE reverse } 1
                    371: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.3 { SELECT  'abcd' <= 'bbbb'   COLLATE reverse } 0
                    372: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.4 { SELECT ('abcd' <= 'bbbb')  COLLATE reverse } 1
                    373: 
                    374: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.5 { SELECT  'abcd' > 'bbbb'    COLLATE reverse } 1
                    375: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.6 { SELECT ('abcd' > 'bbbb')   COLLATE reverse } 0
                    376: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.7 { SELECT  'abcd' >= 'bbbb'   COLLATE reverse } 1
                    377: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.8 { SELECT ('abcd' >= 'bbbb')  COLLATE reverse } 0
                    378: 
                    379: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.10 { SELECT  'abcd' =  'ABCD'  COLLATE nocase } 1
                    380: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.11 { SELECT ('abcd' =  'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
                    381: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.12 { SELECT  'abcd' == 'ABCD'  COLLATE nocase } 1
                    382: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.13 { SELECT ('abcd' == 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
                    383: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.14 { SELECT  'abcd' IS 'ABCD'  COLLATE nocase } 1
                    384: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.15 { SELECT ('abcd' IS 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 0
                    385: 
                    386: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.16 { SELECT  'abcd' != 'ABCD'      COLLATE nocase } 0
                    387: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.17 { SELECT ('abcd' != 'ABCD')     COLLATE nocase } 1
                    388: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.18 { SELECT  'abcd' <> 'ABCD'      COLLATE nocase } 0
                    389: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.19 { SELECT ('abcd' <> 'ABCD')     COLLATE nocase } 1
                    390: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.20 { SELECT  'abcd' IS NOT 'ABCD'  COLLATE nocase } 0
                    391: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.21 { SELECT ('abcd' IS NOT 'ABCD') COLLATE nocase } 1
                    392: 
                    393: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.22 { 
                    394:   SELECT 'bbb' BETWEEN 'AAA' AND 'CCC' COLLATE nocase 
                    395: } 1
                    396: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.23 { 
                    397:   SELECT ('bbb' BETWEEN 'AAA' AND 'CCC') COLLATE nocase 
                    398: } 0
                    399: 
                    400: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-58731-25439 The collating sequence set by the COLLATE
                    401: # operator overrides the collating sequence determined by the COLLATE
                    402: # clause in a table column definition.
                    403: #
                    404: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.24 { 
                    405:   CREATE TABLE t24(a COLLATE NOCASE, b);
                    406:   INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('aaa', 1);
                    407:   INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('bbb', 2);
                    408:   INSERT INTO t24 VALUES('ccc', 3);
                    409: } {}
                    410: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT 'BBB' = a FROM t24 } {0 1 0}
                    411: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT a = 'BBB' FROM t24 } {0 1 0}
                    412: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT 'BBB' = a COLLATE binary FROM t24 } {0 0 0}
                    413: do_execsql_test e_expr-9.25 { SELECT a COLLATE binary = 'BBB' FROM t24 } {0 0 0}
                    414: 
                    415: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    416: # Test statements related to literal values.
                    417: #
                    418: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-31536-32008 Literal values may be integers, floating
                    419: # point numbers, strings, BLOBs, or NULLs.
                    420: #
                    421: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.1 { SELECT typeof(5)       } {integer}
                    422: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.2 { SELECT typeof(5.1)     } {real}
                    423: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.3 { SELECT typeof('5.1')   } {text}
                    424: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.4 { SELECT typeof(X'ABCD') } {blob}
                    425: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.1.5 { SELECT typeof(NULL)    } {null}
                    426: 
                    427: # "Scientific notation is supported for point literal values."
                    428: #
                    429: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.1 { SELECT typeof(3.4e-02)    } {real}
                    430: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.2 { SELECT typeof(3e+5)       } {real}
                    431: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.3 { SELECT 3.4e-02            } {0.034}
                    432: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.2.4 { SELECT 3e+4               } {30000.0}
                    433: 
                    434: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-35229-17830 A string constant is formed by enclosing
                    435: # the string in single quotes (').
                    436: #
                    437: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-07100-06606 A single quote within the string can be
                    438: # encoded by putting two single quotes in a row - as in Pascal.
                    439: #
                    440: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.1 { SELECT 'is not' }         {{is not}}
                    441: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.2 { SELECT typeof('is not') } {text}
                    442: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.3 { SELECT 'isn''t' }         {isn't}
                    443: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.3.4 { SELECT typeof('isn''t') } {text}
                    444: 
                    445: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09593-03321 BLOB literals are string literals
                    446: # containing hexadecimal data and preceded by a single "x" or "X"
                    447: # character.
                    448: #
                    449: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39344-59787 For example: X'53514C697465'
                    450: #
                    451: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.1 { SELECT typeof(X'0123456789ABCDEF') } blob
                    452: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.2 { SELECT typeof(x'0123456789ABCDEF') } blob
                    453: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.3 { SELECT typeof(X'0123456789abcdef') } blob
                    454: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.4 { SELECT typeof(x'0123456789abcdef') } blob
                    455: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.4.5 { SELECT typeof(X'53514C697465')     } blob
                    456: 
                    457: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23914-51476 A literal value can also be the token
                    458: # "NULL".
                    459: #
                    460: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.5.1 { SELECT NULL         } {{}}
                    461: do_execsql_test e_expr-10.5.2 { SELECT typeof(NULL) } {null}
                    462: 
                    463: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    464: # Test statements related to bound parameters
                    465: #
                    466: 
                    467: proc parameter_test {tn sql params result} {
                    468:   set stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $sql -1]
                    469: 
                    470:   foreach {number name} $params {
                    471:     set nm [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name $stmt $number]
                    472:     do_test $tn.name.$number [list set {} $nm] $name
                    473:     sqlite3_bind_int $stmt $number [expr -1 * $number]
                    474:   }
                    475: 
                    476:   sqlite3_step $stmt
                    477: 
                    478:   set res [list]
                    479:   for {set i 0} {$i < [sqlite3_column_count $stmt]} {incr i} {
                    480:     lappend res [sqlite3_column_text $stmt $i]
                    481:   }
                    482: 
                    483:   set rc [sqlite3_finalize $stmt]
                    484:   do_test $tn.rc [list set {} $rc] SQLITE_OK
                    485:   do_test $tn.res [list set {} $res] $result
                    486: }
                    487: 
                    488: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33509-39458 A question mark followed by a number NNN
                    489: # holds a spot for the NNN-th parameter. NNN must be between 1 and
                    490: # SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER.
                    491: #
                    492: set mvn $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
                    493: parameter_test e_expr-11.1 "
                    494:   SELECT ?1, ?123, ?$SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, ?123, ?4
                    495: "   "1 ?1  123 ?123 $mvn ?$mvn 4 ?4"   "-1 -123 -$mvn -123 -4"
                    496: 
                    497: set errmsg "variable number must be between ?1 and ?$SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER"
                    498: foreach {tn param_number} [list \
                    499:   2  0                                    \
                    500:   3  [expr $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER+1] \
                    501:   4  [expr $SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER+2] \
                    502:   5  12345678903456789034567890234567890  \
                    503:   6  2147483648                           \
                    504:   7  2147483649                           \
                    505:   8  4294967296                           \
                    506:   9  4294967297                           \
                    507:   10 9223372036854775808                  \
                    508:   11 9223372036854775809                  \
                    509:   12 18446744073709551616                 \
                    510:   13 18446744073709551617                 \
                    511: ] {
                    512:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.1.$tn "SELECT ?$param_number" [list 1 $errmsg]
                    513: }
                    514: 
                    515: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33670-36097 A question mark that is not followed by a
                    516: # number creates a parameter with a number one greater than the largest
                    517: # parameter number already assigned.
                    518: #
                    519: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42938-07030 If this means the parameter number is
                    520: # greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, it is an error.
                    521: #
                    522: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.1 "SELECT ?"          {1 {}}       -1
                    523: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.2 "SELECT ?, ?"       {1 {} 2 {}}  {-1 -2}
                    524: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.3 "SELECT ?5, ?"      {5 ?5 6 {}}  {-5 -6}
                    525: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.4 "SELECT ?, ?5"      {1 {} 5 ?5}  {-1 -5}
                    526: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "SELECT ?, ?456, ?" {
                    527:   1 {} 456 ?456 457 {}
                    528: }  {-1 -456 -457}
                    529: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "SELECT ?, ?456, ?4, ?" {
                    530:   1 {} 456 ?456 4 ?4 457 {}
                    531: }  {-1 -456 -4 -457}
                    532: foreach {tn sql} [list                           \
                    533:   1  "SELECT ?$mvn, ?"                           \
                    534:   2  "SELECT ?[expr $mvn-5], ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?"   \
                    535:   3  "SELECT ?[expr $mvn], ?5, ?6, ?"            \
                    536: ] {
                    537:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.3.$tn $sql [list 1 {too many SQL variables}]
                    538: }
                    539: 
                    540: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11620-22743 A colon followed by an identifier name
                    541: # holds a spot for a named parameter with the name :AAAA.
                    542: #
                    543: # Identifiers in SQLite consist of alphanumeric, '_' and '$' characters,
                    544: # and any UTF characters with codepoints larger than 127 (non-ASCII 
                    545: # characters).
                    546: #
                    547: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.1 {SELECT :AAAA}         {1 :AAAA}       -1
                    548: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.2 {SELECT :123}          {1 :123}        -1
                    549: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.3 {SELECT :__}           {1 :__}         -1
                    550: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.4 {SELECT :_$_}          {1 :_$_}        -1
                    551: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.5 "
                    552:   SELECT :\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
                    553: " "1 :\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
                    554: parameter_test e_expr-11.2.6 "SELECT :\u0080" "1 :\u0080" -1
                    555: 
                    556: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49783-61279 An "at" sign works exactly like a colon,
                    557: # except that the name of the parameter created is @AAAA.
                    558: #
                    559: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.1 {SELECT @AAAA}         {1 @AAAA}       -1
                    560: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.2 {SELECT @123}          {1 @123}        -1
                    561: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.3 {SELECT @__}           {1 @__}         -1
                    562: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.4 {SELECT @_$_}          {1 @_$_}        -1
                    563: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.5 "
                    564:   SELECT @\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
                    565: " "1 @\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
                    566: parameter_test e_expr-11.3.6 "SELECT @\u0080" "1 @\u0080" -1
                    567: 
                    568: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-62610-51329 A dollar-sign followed by an identifier
                    569: # name also holds a spot for a named parameter with the name $AAAA.
                    570: #
                    571: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55025-21042 The identifier name in this case can
                    572: # include one or more occurrences of "::" and a suffix enclosed in
                    573: # "(...)" containing any text at all.
                    574: #
                    575: # Note: Looks like an identifier cannot consist entirely of "::" 
                    576: # characters or just a suffix. Also, the other named variable characters
                    577: # (: and @) work the same way internally. Why not just document it that way?
                    578: #
                    579: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.1 {SELECT $AAAA}         {1 $AAAA}       -1
                    580: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.2 {SELECT $123}          {1 $123}        -1
                    581: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.3 {SELECT $__}           {1 $__}         -1
                    582: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.4 {SELECT $_$_}          {1 $_$_}        -1
                    583: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.5 "
                    584:   SELECT \$\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25
                    585: " "1 \$\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e02\u0e39\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e25" -1
                    586: parameter_test e_expr-11.4.6 "SELECT \$\u0080" "1 \$\u0080" -1
                    587: 
                    588: parameter_test e_expr-11.5.1 {SELECT $::::a(++--++)} {1 $::::a(++--++)} -1
                    589: parameter_test e_expr-11.5.2 {SELECT $::a()} {1 $::a()} -1
                    590: parameter_test e_expr-11.5.3 {SELECT $::1(::#$)} {1 $::1(::#$)} -1
                    591:  
                    592: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11370-04520 Named parameters are also numbered. The
                    593: # number assigned is one greater than the largest parameter number
                    594: # already assigned.
                    595: #
                    596: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42620-22184 If this means the parameter would be
                    597: # assigned a number greater than SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER, it is an
                    598: # error.
                    599: #
                    600: parameter_test e_expr-11.6.1 "SELECT ?, @abc"    {1 {} 2 @abc} {-1 -2}
                    601: parameter_test e_expr-11.6.2 "SELECT ?123, :a1"  {123 ?123 124 :a1} {-123 -124}
                    602: parameter_test e_expr-11.6.3 {SELECT $a, ?8, ?, $b, ?2, $c} {
                    603:   1 $a 8 ?8 9 {} 10 $b 2 ?2 11 $c
                    604: } {-1 -8 -9 -10 -2 -11}
                    605: foreach {tn sql} [list                           \
                    606:   1  "SELECT ?$mvn, \$::a"                       \
                    607:   2  "SELECT ?$mvn, ?4, @a1"                     \
                    608:   3  "SELECT ?[expr $mvn-2], :bag, @123, \$x"    \
                    609: ] {
                    610:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-11.7.$tn $sql [list 1 {too many SQL variables}]
                    611: }
                    612: 
                    613: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14068-49671 Parameters that are not assigned values
                    614: # using sqlite3_bind() are treated as NULL.
                    615: #
                    616: do_test e_expr-11.7.1 {
                    617:   set stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db { SELECT ?, :a, @b, $d } -1]
                    618:   sqlite3_step $stmt
                    619: 
                    620:   list [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 0] \
                    621:        [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 1] \
                    622:        [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 2] \
                    623:        [sqlite3_column_type $stmt 3] 
                    624: } {NULL NULL NULL NULL}
                    625: do_test e_expr-11.7.1 { sqlite3_finalize $stmt } SQLITE_OK
                    626: 
                    627: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    628: # "Test" the syntax diagrams in lang_expr.html.
                    629: #
                    630: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02989-21050 -- syntax diagram signed-number
                    631: #
                    632: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.1 { SELECT 0, +0, -0 } {0 0 0}
                    633: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.2 { SELECT 1, +1, -1 } {1 1 -1}
                    634: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.3 { SELECT 2, +2, -2 } {2 2 -2}
                    635: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.4 { 
                    636:   SELECT 1.4, +1.4, -1.4 
                    637: } {1.4 1.4 -1.4}
                    638: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.5 { 
                    639:   SELECT 1.5e+5, +1.5e+5, -1.5e+5 
                    640: } {150000.0 150000.0 -150000.0}
                    641: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.1.6 { 
                    642:   SELECT 0.0001, +0.0001, -0.0001 
                    643: } {0.0001 0.0001 -0.0001}
                    644: 
                    645: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43188-60852 -- syntax diagram literal-value
                    646: #
                    647: set sqlite_current_time 1
                    648: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.1 {SELECT 123}               {123}
                    649: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.2 {SELECT 123.4e05}          {12340000.0}
                    650: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.3 {SELECT 'abcde'}           {abcde}
                    651: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.4 {SELECT X'414243'}         {ABC}
                    652: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.5 {SELECT NULL}              {{}}
                    653: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.6 {SELECT CURRENT_TIME}      {00:00:01}
                    654: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.7 {SELECT CURRENT_DATE}      {1970-01-01}
                    655: do_execsql_test e_expr-12.2.8 {SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP} {{1970-01-01 00:00:01}}
                    656: set sqlite_current_time 0
                    657: 
                    658: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-50544-32159 -- syntax diagram expr
                    659: #
                    660: forcedelete test.db2
                    661: execsql {
                    662:   ATTACH 'test.db2' AS dbname;
                    663:   CREATE TABLE dbname.tblname(cname);
                    664: }
                    665: 
                    666: proc glob {args} {return 1}
                    667: db function glob glob
                    668: db function match glob
                    669: db function regexp glob
                    670: 
                    671: foreach {tn expr} {
                    672:   1 123
                    673:   2 123.4e05
                    674:   3 'abcde'
                    675:   4 X'414243'
                    676:   5 NULL
                    677:   6 CURRENT_TIME
                    678:   7 CURRENT_DATE
                    679:   8 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                    680: 
                    681:   9 ?
                    682:  10 ?123
                    683:  11 @hello
                    684:  12 :world
                    685:  13 $tcl
                    686:  14 $tcl(array)
                    687:   
                    688:   15 cname
                    689:   16 tblname.cname
                    690:   17 dbname.tblname.cname
                    691: 
                    692:   18 "+ EXPR"
                    693:   19 "- EXPR"
                    694:   20 "NOT EXPR"
                    695:   21 "~ EXPR"
                    696: 
                    697:   22 "EXPR1 || EXPR2"
                    698:   23 "EXPR1 * EXPR2"
                    699:   24 "EXPR1 / EXPR2"
                    700:   25 "EXPR1 % EXPR2"
                    701:   26 "EXPR1 + EXPR2"
                    702:   27 "EXPR1 - EXPR2"
                    703:   28 "EXPR1 << EXPR2"
                    704:   29 "EXPR1 >> EXPR2"
                    705:   30 "EXPR1 & EXPR2"
                    706:   31 "EXPR1 | EXPR2"
                    707:   32 "EXPR1 < EXPR2"
                    708:   33 "EXPR1 <= EXPR2"
                    709:   34 "EXPR1 > EXPR2"
                    710:   35 "EXPR1 >= EXPR2"
                    711:   36 "EXPR1 = EXPR2"
                    712:   37 "EXPR1 == EXPR2"
                    713:   38 "EXPR1 != EXPR2"
                    714:   39 "EXPR1 <> EXPR2"
                    715:   40 "EXPR1 IS EXPR2"
                    716:   41 "EXPR1 IS NOT EXPR2"
                    717:   42 "EXPR1 AND EXPR2"
                    718:   43 "EXPR1 OR EXPR2"
                    719:  
                    720:   44 "count(*)"
                    721:   45 "count(DISTINCT EXPR)"
                    722:   46 "substr(EXPR, 10, 20)"
                    723:   47 "changes()"
                    724:  
                    725:   48 "( EXPR )"
                    726:  
                    727:   49 "CAST ( EXPR AS integer )"
                    728:   50 "CAST ( EXPR AS 'abcd' )"
                    729:   51 "CAST ( EXPR AS 'ab$ $cd' )"
                    730:  
                    731:   52 "EXPR COLLATE nocase"
                    732:   53 "EXPR COLLATE binary"
                    733:  
                    734:   54 "EXPR1 LIKE EXPR2"
                    735:   55 "EXPR1 LIKE EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    736:   56 "EXPR1 GLOB EXPR2"
                    737:   57 "EXPR1 GLOB EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    738:   58 "EXPR1 REGEXP EXPR2"
                    739:   59 "EXPR1 REGEXP EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    740:   60 "EXPR1 MATCH EXPR2"
                    741:   61 "EXPR1 MATCH EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    742:   62 "EXPR1 NOT LIKE EXPR2"
                    743:   63 "EXPR1 NOT LIKE EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    744:   64 "EXPR1 NOT GLOB EXPR2"
                    745:   65 "EXPR1 NOT GLOB EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    746:   66 "EXPR1 NOT REGEXP EXPR2"
                    747:   67 "EXPR1 NOT REGEXP EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    748:   68 "EXPR1 NOT MATCH EXPR2"
                    749:   69 "EXPR1 NOT MATCH EXPR2 ESCAPE EXPR"
                    750:  
                    751:   70 "EXPR ISNULL"
                    752:   71 "EXPR NOTNULL"
                    753:   72 "EXPR NOT NULL"
                    754:  
                    755:   73 "EXPR1 IS EXPR2"
                    756:   74 "EXPR1 IS NOT EXPR2"
                    757: 
                    758:   75 "EXPR NOT BETWEEN EXPR1 AND EXPR2"
                    759:   76 "EXPR BETWEEN EXPR1 AND EXPR2"
                    760: 
                    761:   77 "EXPR NOT IN (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
                    762:   78 "EXPR NOT IN (1)"
                    763:   79 "EXPR NOT IN (1, 2, 3)"
                    764:   80 "EXPR NOT IN tblname"
                    765:   81 "EXPR NOT IN dbname.tblname"
                    766:   82 "EXPR IN (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
                    767:   83 "EXPR IN (1)"
                    768:   84 "EXPR IN (1, 2, 3)"
                    769:   85 "EXPR IN tblname"
                    770:   86 "EXPR IN dbname.tblname"
                    771: 
                    772:   87 "EXISTS (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
                    773:   88 "NOT EXISTS (SELECT cname FROM tblname)"
                    774: 
                    775:   89 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 ELSE EXPR END"
                    776:   90 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 END"
                    777:   91 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 ELSE EXPR2 END"
                    778:   92 "CASE EXPR WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 END"
                    779:   93 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 ELSE EXPR END"
                    780:   94 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 END"
                    781:   95 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 ELSE EXPR2 END"
                    782:   96 "CASE WHEN EXPR1 THEN EXPR2 WHEN EXPR THEN EXPR1 END"
                    783: } {
                    784: 
                    785:   # If the expression string being parsed contains "EXPR2", then replace
                    786:   # string "EXPR1" and "EXPR2" with arbitrary SQL expressions. If it 
                    787:   # contains "EXPR", then replace EXPR with an arbitrary SQL expression.
                    788:   # 
                    789:   set elist [list $expr]
                    790:   if {[string match *EXPR2* $expr]} {
                    791:     set elist [list]
                    792:     foreach {e1 e2} { cname "34+22" } {
                    793:       lappend elist [string map [list EXPR1 $e1 EXPR2 $e2] $expr]
                    794:     }
                    795:   } 
                    796:   if {[string match *EXPR* $expr]} {
                    797:     set elist2 [list]
                    798:     foreach el $elist {
                    799:       foreach e { cname "34+22" } {
                    800:         lappend elist2 [string map [list EXPR $e] $el]
                    801:       }
                    802:     }
                    803:     set elist $elist2
                    804:   }
                    805: 
                    806:   set x 0
                    807:   foreach e $elist {
                    808:     incr x
                    809:     do_test e_expr-12.3.$tn.$x { 
                    810:       set rc [catch { execsql "SELECT $e FROM tblname" } msg]
                    811:     } {0}
                    812:   }
                    813: }
                    814: 
                    815: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39820-63916 -- syntax diagram raise-function
                    816: #
                    817: foreach {tn raiseexpr} {
                    818:   1 "RAISE(IGNORE)"
                    819:   2 "RAISE(ROLLBACK, 'error message')"
                    820:   3 "RAISE(ABORT, 'error message')"
                    821:   4 "RAISE(FAIL, 'error message')"
                    822: } {
                    823:   do_execsql_test e_expr-12.4.$tn "
                    824:     CREATE TRIGGER dbname.tr$tn BEFORE DELETE ON tblname BEGIN
                    825:       SELECT $raiseexpr ;
                    826:     END;
                    827:   " {}
                    828: }
                    829: 
                    830: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    831: # Test the statements related to the BETWEEN operator.
                    832: #
                    833: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-40079-54503 The BETWEEN operator is logically
                    834: # equivalent to a pair of comparisons. "x BETWEEN y AND z" is equivalent
                    835: # to "x>=y AND x<=z" except that with BETWEEN, the x expression is
                    836: # only evaluated once.
                    837: #
                    838: db func x x
                    839: proc x {} { incr ::xcount ; return [expr $::x] }
                    840: foreach {tn x expr res nEval} {
                    841:   1  10  "x() >= 5 AND x() <= 15"  1  2
                    842:   2  10  "x() BETWEEN 5 AND 15"    1  1
                    843: 
                    844:   3   5  "x() >= 5 AND x() <= 5"   1  2
                    845:   4   5  "x() BETWEEN 5 AND 5"     1  1
                    846: } {
                    847:   do_test e_expr-13.1.$tn {
                    848:     set ::xcount 0
                    849:     set a [execsql "SELECT $expr"]
                    850:     list $::xcount $a
                    851:   } [list $nEval $res]
                    852: }
                    853: 
                    854: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-05155-34454 The precedence of the BETWEEN operator is
                    855: # the same as the precedence as operators == and != and LIKE and groups
                    856: # left to right.
                    857: # 
                    858: # Therefore, BETWEEN groups more tightly than operator "AND", but less
                    859: # so than "<".
                    860: #
                    861: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.1  { SELECT 1 == 10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2   }  1
                    862: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.2  { SELECT (1 == 10) BETWEEN 0 AND 2 }  1
                    863: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.3  { SELECT 1 == (10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) }  0
                    864: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.4  { SELECT  6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8 == 1 }    1
                    865: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.5  { SELECT (6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8) == 1 }   1
                    866: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.6  { SELECT  6 BETWEEN 4 AND (8 == 1) }  0
                    867: 
                    868: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.7  { SELECT  5 BETWEEN 0 AND 0  != 1 }   1
                    869: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.8  { SELECT (5 BETWEEN 0 AND 0) != 1 }   1
                    870: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.9  { SELECT  5 BETWEEN 0 AND (0 != 1) }  0
                    871: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.10 { SELECT  1 != 0  BETWEEN 0 AND 2  }  1
                    872: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.11 { SELECT (1 != 0) BETWEEN 0 AND 2  }  1
                    873: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.12 { SELECT  1 != (0 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) }  0
                    874: 
                    875: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.13 { SELECT 1 LIKE 10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2   }  1
                    876: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.14 { SELECT (1 LIKE 10) BETWEEN 0 AND 2 }  1
                    877: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.15 { SELECT 1 LIKE (10 BETWEEN 0 AND 2) }  0
                    878: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.16 { SELECT  6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8 LIKE 1   }  1
                    879: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.17 { SELECT (6 BETWEEN 4 AND 8) LIKE 1  }  1
                    880: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.18 { SELECT  6 BETWEEN 4 AND (8 LIKE 1) }  0
                    881: 
                    882: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.19 { SELECT 0 AND 0 BETWEEN 0 AND 1   } 0
                    883: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.20 { SELECT 0 AND (0 BETWEEN 0 AND 1) } 0
                    884: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.21 { SELECT (0 AND 0) BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 1
                    885: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.22 { SELECT 0 BETWEEN -1 AND 1 AND 0   } 0
                    886: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.23 { SELECT (0 BETWEEN -1 AND 1) AND 0 } 0
                    887: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.24 { SELECT 0 BETWEEN -1 AND (1 AND 0) } 1
                    888: 
                    889: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.25 { SELECT 2 < 3 BETWEEN 0 AND 1   } 1
                    890: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.26 { SELECT (2 < 3) BETWEEN 0 AND 1 } 1
                    891: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.27 { SELECT 2 < (3 BETWEEN 0 AND 1) } 0
                    892: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.28 { SELECT 2 BETWEEN 1 AND 2 < 3    } 0
                    893: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.29 { SELECT 2 BETWEEN 1 AND (2 < 3)  } 0
                    894: do_execsql_test e_expr-13.2.30 { SELECT (2 BETWEEN 1 AND 2) < 3  } 1
                    895: 
                    896: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    897: # Test the statements related to the LIKE and GLOB operators.
                    898: #
                    899: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-16584-60189 The LIKE operator does a pattern matching
                    900: # comparison.
                    901: #
                    902: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11295-04657 The operand to the right of the LIKE
                    903: # operator contains the pattern and the left hand operand contains the
                    904: # string to match against the pattern.
                    905: #
                    906: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.1.1 { SELECT 'abc%' LIKE 'abcde' } 0
                    907: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.1.2 { SELECT 'abcde' LIKE 'abc%' } 1
                    908: 
                    909: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-55406-38524 A percent symbol ("%") in the LIKE pattern
                    910: # matches any sequence of zero or more characters in the string.
                    911: #
                    912: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.1 { SELECT 'abde'    LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
                    913: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.2 { SELECT 'abXde'   LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
                    914: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.2.3 { SELECT 'abABCde' LIKE 'ab%de' } 1
                    915: 
                    916: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30433-25443 An underscore ("_") in the LIKE pattern
                    917: # matches any single character in the string.
                    918: #
                    919: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.1 { SELECT 'abde'    LIKE 'ab_de' } 0
                    920: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.2 { SELECT 'abXde'   LIKE 'ab_de' } 1
                    921: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.3.3 { SELECT 'abABCde' LIKE 'ab_de' } 0
                    922: 
                    923: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-59007-20454 Any other character matches itself or its
                    924: # lower/upper case equivalent (i.e. case-insensitive matching).
                    925: #
                    926: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.1 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'aBc' } 1
                    927: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.2 { SELECT 'aBc' LIKE 'aBc' } 1
                    928: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.4.3 { SELECT 'ac'  LIKE 'aBc' } 0
                    929: 
                    930: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-23648-58527 SQLite only understands upper/lower case
                    931: # for ASCII characters by default.
                    932: #
                    933: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04532-11527 The LIKE operator is case sensitive by
                    934: # default for unicode characters that are beyond the ASCII range.
                    935: #
                    936: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-44381-11669 the expression
                    937: # 'a'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'A' is TRUE but
                    938: # '&aelig;'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'&AElig;' is FALSE.
                    939: #
                    940: #   The restriction to ASCII characters does not apply if the ICU
                    941: #   library is compiled in. When ICU is enabled SQLite does not act
                    942: #   as it does "by default".
                    943: #
                    944: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.5.1 { SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a'         } 1
                    945: ifcapable !icu {
                    946:   do_execsql_test e_expr-14.5.2 "SELECT '\u00c6' LIKE '\u00e6'" 0
                    947: }
                    948: 
                    949: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56683-13731 If the optional ESCAPE clause is present,
                    950: # then the expression following the ESCAPE keyword must evaluate to a
                    951: # string consisting of a single character.
                    952: #
                    953: do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.1 { 
                    954:   SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE '12' 
                    955: } {1 {ESCAPE expression must be a single character}}
                    956: do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.2 { 
                    957:   SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE '' 
                    958: } {1 {ESCAPE expression must be a single character}}
                    959: do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.3 { SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE 'x' }    {0 1}
                    960: do_catchsql_test e_expr-14.6.4 "SELECT 'A' LIKE 'a' ESCAPE '\u00e6'" {0 1}
                    961: 
                    962: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-02045-23762 This character may be used in the LIKE
                    963: # pattern to include literal percent or underscore characters.
                    964: #
                    965: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13345-31830 The escape character followed by a percent
                    966: # symbol (%), underscore (_), or a second instance of the escape
                    967: # character itself matches a literal percent symbol, underscore, or a
                    968: # single escape character, respectively.
                    969: #
                    970: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.1  { SELECT 'abc%'  LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
                    971: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.2  { SELECT 'abc5'  LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    972: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.3  { SELECT 'abc'   LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    973: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.4  { SELECT 'abcX%' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    974: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.5  { SELECT 'abc%%' LIKE 'abcX%' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    975: 
                    976: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.6  { SELECT 'abc_'  LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
                    977: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.7  { SELECT 'abc5'  LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    978: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.8  { SELECT 'abc'   LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    979: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.9  { SELECT 'abcX_' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    980: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.10 { SELECT 'abc__' LIKE 'abcX_' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    981: 
                    982: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.11 { SELECT 'abcX'  LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
                    983: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.12 { SELECT 'abc5'  LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    984: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.13 { SELECT 'abc'   LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    985: do_execsql_test e_expr-14.7.14 { SELECT 'abcXX' LIKE 'abcXX' ESCAPE 'X' } 0
                    986: 
                    987: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-51359-17496 The infix LIKE operator is implemented by
                    988: # calling the application-defined SQL functions like(Y,X) or like(Y,X,Z).
                    989: #
                    990: proc likefunc {args} {
                    991:   eval lappend ::likeargs $args
                    992:   return 1
                    993: }
                    994: db func like -argcount 2 likefunc
                    995: db func like -argcount 3 likefunc
                    996: set ::likeargs [list]
                    997: do_execsql_test e_expr-15.1.1 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'def' } 1
                    998: do_test         e_expr-15.1.2 { set likeargs } {def abc}
                    999: set ::likeargs [list]
                   1000: do_execsql_test e_expr-15.1.3 { SELECT 'abc' LIKE 'def' ESCAPE 'X' } 1
                   1001: do_test         e_expr-15.1.4 { set likeargs } {def abc X}
                   1002: db close
                   1003: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1004: 
                   1005: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22868-25880 The LIKE operator can be made case
                   1006: # sensitive using the case_sensitive_like pragma.
                   1007: #
                   1008: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
                   1009: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.2 { PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = 1 } {}
                   1010: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 0
                   1011: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.4 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
                   1012: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.5 { PRAGMA case_sensitive_like = 0 } {}
                   1013: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.6 { SELECT 'abcxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
                   1014: do_execsql_test e_expr-16.1.7 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' LIKE 'ABC%' } 1
                   1015: 
                   1016: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-52087-12043 The GLOB operator is similar to LIKE but
                   1017: # uses the Unix file globbing syntax for its wildcards.
                   1018: #
                   1019: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09813-17279 Also, GLOB is case sensitive, unlike LIKE.
                   1020: #
                   1021: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc%' } 0
                   1022: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.2 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 1
                   1023: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc___' } 0
                   1024: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.4 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc???' } 1
                   1025: 
                   1026: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.5 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 1
                   1027: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.6 { SELECT 'ABCxyz' GLOB 'abc*' } 0
                   1028: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.1.7 { SELECT 'abcxyz' GLOB 'ABC*' } 0
                   1029: 
                   1030: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39616-20555 Both GLOB and LIKE may be preceded by the
                   1031: # NOT keyword to invert the sense of the test.
                   1032: #
                   1033: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.1 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB 'ABC*' } 1
                   1034: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.2 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB 'abc*' } 0
                   1035: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.3 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE 'ABC%' } 0
                   1036: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.4 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE 'abc%' } 0
                   1037: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.5 { SELECT 'abdxyz' NOT LIKE 'abc%' } 1
                   1038: 
                   1039: db nullvalue null
                   1040: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.6 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT GLOB NULL } null
                   1041: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.7 { SELECT 'abcxyz' NOT LIKE NULL } null
                   1042: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.8 { SELECT NULL NOT GLOB 'abc*' } null
                   1043: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.2.9 { SELECT NULL NOT LIKE 'ABC%' } null
                   1044: db nullvalue {}
                   1045: 
                   1046: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39414-35489 The infix GLOB operator is implemented by
                   1047: # calling the function glob(Y,X) and can be modified by overriding that
                   1048: # function.
                   1049: proc globfunc {args} {
                   1050:   eval lappend ::globargs $args
                   1051:   return 1
                   1052: }
                   1053: db func glob -argcount 2 globfunc
                   1054: set ::globargs [list]
                   1055: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.3.1 { SELECT 'abc' GLOB 'def' } 1
                   1056: do_test         e_expr-17.3.2 { set globargs } {def abc}
                   1057: set ::globargs [list]
                   1058: do_execsql_test e_expr-17.3.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT GLOB 'Y' } 0
                   1059: do_test         e_expr-17.3.4 { set globargs } {Y X}
                   1060: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1061: 
                   1062: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-41650-20872 No regexp() user function is defined by
                   1063: # default and so use of the REGEXP operator will normally result in an
                   1064: # error message.
                   1065: #
                   1066: #   There is a regexp function if ICU is enabled though.
                   1067: #
                   1068: ifcapable !icu {
                   1069:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-18.1.1 { 
                   1070:     SELECT regexp('abc', 'def') 
                   1071:   } {1 {no such function: regexp}}
                   1072:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-18.1.2 { 
                   1073:     SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'def'
                   1074:   } {1 {no such function: REGEXP}}
                   1075: }
                   1076: 
                   1077: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33693-50180 The REGEXP operator is a special syntax for
                   1078: # the regexp() user function.
                   1079: #
                   1080: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-57289-13578 If a application-defined SQL function named
                   1081: # "regexp" is added at run-time, that function will be called in order
                   1082: # to implement the REGEXP operator.
                   1083: #
                   1084: proc regexpfunc {args} {
                   1085:   eval lappend ::regexpargs $args
                   1086:   return 1
                   1087: }
                   1088: db func regexp -argcount 2 regexpfunc
                   1089: set ::regexpargs [list]
                   1090: do_execsql_test e_expr-18.2.1 { SELECT 'abc' REGEXP 'def' } 1
                   1091: do_test         e_expr-18.2.2 { set regexpargs } {def abc}
                   1092: set ::regexpargs [list]
                   1093: do_execsql_test e_expr-18.2.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT REGEXP 'Y' } 0
                   1094: do_test         e_expr-18.2.4 { set regexpargs } {Y X}
                   1095: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1096: 
                   1097: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-42037-37826 The default match() function implementation
                   1098: # raises an exception and is not really useful for anything.
                   1099: #
                   1100: do_catchsql_test e_expr-19.1.1 { 
                   1101:   SELECT 'abc' MATCH 'def' 
                   1102: } {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
                   1103: do_catchsql_test e_expr-19.1.2 { 
                   1104:   SELECT match('abc', 'def')
                   1105: } {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
                   1106: 
                   1107: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-37916-47407 The MATCH operator is a special syntax for
                   1108: # the match() application-defined function.
                   1109: #
                   1110: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-06021-09373 But extensions can override the match()
                   1111: # function with more helpful logic.
                   1112: #
                   1113: proc matchfunc {args} {
                   1114:   eval lappend ::matchargs $args
                   1115:   return 1
                   1116: }
                   1117: db func match -argcount 2 matchfunc
                   1118: set ::matchargs [list]
                   1119: do_execsql_test e_expr-19.2.1 { SELECT 'abc' MATCH 'def' } 1
                   1120: do_test         e_expr-19.2.2 { set matchargs } {def abc}
                   1121: set ::matchargs [list]
                   1122: do_execsql_test e_expr-19.2.3 { SELECT 'X' NOT MATCH 'Y' } 0
                   1123: do_test         e_expr-19.2.4 { set matchargs } {Y X}
                   1124: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1125: 
                   1126: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1127: # Test cases for the testable statements related to the CASE expression.
                   1128: #
                   1129: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-15199-61389 There are two basic forms of the CASE
                   1130: # expression: those with a base expression and those without.
                   1131: #
                   1132: do_execsql_test e_expr-20.1 {
                   1133:   SELECT CASE WHEN 1 THEN 'true' WHEN 0 THEN 'false' ELSE 'else' END;
                   1134: } {true}
                   1135: do_execsql_test e_expr-20.2 {
                   1136:   SELECT CASE 0 WHEN 1 THEN 'true' WHEN 0 THEN 'false' ELSE 'else' END;
                   1137: } {false}
                   1138: 
                   1139: proc var {nm} {
                   1140:   lappend ::varlist $nm
                   1141:   return [set "::$nm"]
                   1142: }
                   1143: db func var var
                   1144: 
                   1145: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30638-59954 In a CASE without a base expression, each
                   1146: # WHEN expression is evaluated and the result treated as a boolean,
                   1147: # starting with the leftmost and continuing to the right.
                   1148: #
                   1149: foreach {a b c} {0 0 0} break
                   1150: set varlist [list]
                   1151: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.1.1 {
                   1152:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1153:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1154:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' END
                   1155: } {{}}
                   1156: do_test e_expr-21.1.2 { set varlist } {a b c}
                   1157: set varlist [list]
                   1158: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.1.3 {
                   1159:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' 
                   1160:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1161:               WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1162:               ELSE 'no result'
                   1163:   END
                   1164: } {{no result}}
                   1165: do_test e_expr-21.1.4 { set varlist } {c b a}
                   1166: 
                   1167: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-39009-25596 The result of the CASE expression is the
                   1168: # evaluation of the THEN expression that corresponds to the first WHEN
                   1169: # expression that evaluates to true.
                   1170: #
                   1171: foreach {a b c} {0 1 0} break
                   1172: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.1 {
                   1173:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1174:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1175:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' 
                   1176:               ELSE 'no result'
                   1177:   END
                   1178: } {B}
                   1179: foreach {a b c} {0 1 1} break
                   1180: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.2 {
                   1181:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1182:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1183:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
                   1184:               ELSE 'no result'
                   1185:   END
                   1186: } {B}
                   1187: foreach {a b c} {0 0 1} break
                   1188: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.2.3 {
                   1189:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1190:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1191:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
                   1192:               ELSE 'no result'
                   1193:   END
                   1194: } {C}
                   1195: 
                   1196: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-24227-04807 Or, if none of the WHEN expressions
                   1197: # evaluate to true, the result of evaluating the ELSE expression, if
                   1198: # any.
                   1199: #
                   1200: foreach {a b c} {0 0 0} break
                   1201: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.3.1 {
                   1202:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1203:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1204:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
                   1205:               ELSE 'no result'
                   1206:   END
                   1207: } {{no result}}
                   1208: 
                   1209: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-14168-07579 If there is no ELSE expression and none of
                   1210: # the WHEN expressions are true, then the overall result is NULL.
                   1211: #
                   1212: db nullvalue null
                   1213: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.3.2 {
                   1214:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1215:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1216:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C'
                   1217:   END
                   1218: } {null}
                   1219: db nullvalue {}
                   1220: 
                   1221: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-13943-13592 A NULL result is considered untrue when
                   1222: # evaluating WHEN terms.
                   1223: #
                   1224: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.4.1 {
                   1225:   SELECT CASE WHEN NULL THEN 'A' WHEN 1 THEN 'B' END
                   1226: } {B}
                   1227: do_execsql_test e_expr-21.4.2 {
                   1228:   SELECT CASE WHEN 0 THEN 'A' WHEN NULL THEN 'B' ELSE 'C' END
                   1229: } {C}
                   1230: 
                   1231: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38620-19499 In a CASE with a base expression, the base
                   1232: # expression is evaluated just once and the result is compared against
                   1233: # the evaluation of each WHEN expression from left to right.
                   1234: #
                   1235: # Note: This test case tests the "evaluated just once" part of the above
                   1236: # statement. Tests associated with the next two statements test that the
                   1237: # comparisons take place.
                   1238: #
                   1239: foreach {a b c} [list [expr 3] [expr 4] [expr 5]] break
                   1240: set ::varlist [list]
                   1241: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.1.1 {
                   1242:   SELECT CASE var('a') WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 2 THEN 'B' WHEN 3 THEN 'C' END
                   1243: } {C}
                   1244: do_test e_expr-22.1.2 { set ::varlist } {a}
                   1245: 
                   1246: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-07667-49537 The result of the CASE expression is the
                   1247: # evaluation of the THEN expression that corresponds to the first WHEN
                   1248: # expression for which the comparison is true.
                   1249: #
                   1250: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.2.1 {
                   1251:   SELECT CASE 23 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
                   1252: } {B}
                   1253: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.2.2 {
                   1254:   SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
                   1255: } {A}
                   1256: 
                   1257: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-47543-32145 Or, if none of the WHEN expressions
                   1258: # evaluate to a value equal to the base expression, the result of
                   1259: # evaluating the ELSE expression, if any.
                   1260: #
                   1261: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.3.1 {
                   1262:   SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' ELSE 'D' END
                   1263: } {D}
                   1264: 
                   1265: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54721-48557 If there is no ELSE expression and none of
                   1266: # the WHEN expressions produce a result equal to the base expression,
                   1267: # the overall result is NULL.
                   1268: #
                   1269: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.4.1 {
                   1270:   SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
                   1271: } {{}}
                   1272: db nullvalue null
                   1273: do_execsql_test e_expr-22.4.2 {
                   1274:   SELECT CASE 24 WHEN 1 THEN 'A' WHEN 23 THEN 'B' WHEN 23 THEN 'C' END
                   1275: } {null}
                   1276: db nullvalue {}
                   1277: 
                   1278: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11479-62774 When comparing a base expression against a
                   1279: # WHEN expression, the same collating sequence, affinity, and
                   1280: # NULL-handling rules apply as if the base expression and WHEN
                   1281: # expression are respectively the left- and right-hand operands of an =
                   1282: # operator.
                   1283: #
                   1284: proc rev {str} {
                   1285:   set ret ""
                   1286:   set chars [split $str]
                   1287:   for {set i [expr [llength $chars]-1]} {$i>=0} {incr i -1} {
                   1288:     append ret [lindex $chars $i]
                   1289:   }
                   1290:   set ret
                   1291: }
                   1292: proc reverse {lhs rhs} {
                   1293:   string compare [rev $lhs] [ref $rhs]
                   1294: }
                   1295: db collate reverse reverse
                   1296: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.1 {
                   1297:   CREATE TABLE t1(
                   1298:     a TEXT     COLLATE NOCASE,
                   1299:     b          COLLATE REVERSE,
                   1300:     c INTEGER,
                   1301:     d BLOB
                   1302:   );
                   1303:   INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc', 'cba', 55, 34.5);
                   1304: } {}
                   1305: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.2 {
                   1306:   SELECT CASE a WHEN 'xyz' THEN 'A' WHEN 'AbC' THEN 'B' END FROM t1
                   1307: } {B}
                   1308: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.3 {
                   1309:   SELECT CASE 'AbC' WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN a THEN 'B' END FROM t1
                   1310: } {B}
                   1311: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.4 {
                   1312:   SELECT CASE a WHEN b THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
                   1313: } {B}
                   1314: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.5 {
                   1315:   SELECT CASE b WHEN a THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
                   1316: } {A}
                   1317: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.6 {
                   1318:   SELECT CASE 55 WHEN '55' THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END
                   1319: } {B}
                   1320: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.7 {
                   1321:   SELECT CASE c WHEN '55' THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
                   1322: } {A}
                   1323: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.8 {
                   1324:   SELECT CASE '34.5' WHEN d THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END FROM t1
                   1325: } {B}
                   1326: do_execsql_test e_expr-23.1.9 {
                   1327:   SELECT CASE NULL WHEN NULL THEN 'A' ELSE 'B' END
                   1328: } {B}
                   1329: 
                   1330: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-37304-39405 If the base expression is NULL then the
                   1331: # result of the CASE is always the result of evaluating the ELSE
                   1332: # expression if it exists, or NULL if it does not.
                   1333: #
                   1334: do_execsql_test e_expr-24.1.1 {
                   1335:   SELECT CASE NULL WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN 'def' THEN 'B' END;
                   1336: } {{}}
                   1337: do_execsql_test e_expr-24.1.2 {
                   1338:   SELECT CASE NULL WHEN 'abc' THEN 'A' WHEN 'def' THEN 'B' ELSE 'C' END;
                   1339: } {C}
                   1340: 
                   1341: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56280-17369 Both forms of the CASE expression use lazy,
                   1342: # or short-circuit, evaluation.
                   1343: #
                   1344: set varlist [list]
                   1345: foreach {a b c} {0 1 0} break
                   1346: do_execsql_test e_expr-25.1.1 {
                   1347:   SELECT CASE WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1348:               WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1349:               WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' 
                   1350:   END
                   1351: } {B}
                   1352: do_test e_expr-25.1.2 { set ::varlist } {a b}
                   1353: set varlist [list]
                   1354: do_execsql_test e_expr-25.1.3 {
                   1355:   SELECT CASE '0' WHEN var('a') THEN 'A' 
                   1356:                   WHEN var('b') THEN 'B' 
                   1357:                   WHEN var('c') THEN 'C' 
                   1358:   END
                   1359: } {A}
                   1360: do_test e_expr-25.1.4 { set ::varlist } {a}
                   1361: 
                   1362: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-34773-62253 The only difference between the following
                   1363: # two CASE expressions is that the x expression is evaluated exactly
                   1364: # once in the first example but might be evaluated multiple times in the
                   1365: # second: CASE x WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END CASE WHEN
                   1366: # x=w1 THEN r1 WHEN x=w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END
                   1367: #
                   1368: proc ceval {x} {
                   1369:   incr ::evalcount
                   1370:   return $x
                   1371: }
                   1372: db func ceval ceval
                   1373: set ::evalcount 0
                   1374: 
                   1375: do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.1 {
                   1376:   CREATE TABLE t2(x, w1, r1, w2, r2, r3);
                   1377:   INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
                   1378:   INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
                   1379:   INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3, 1, 'R1', 2, 'R2', 'R3');
                   1380: } {}
                   1381: do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.2 {
                   1382:   SELECT CASE x WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
                   1383: } {R1 R2 R3}
                   1384: do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.3 {
                   1385:   SELECT CASE WHEN x=w1 THEN r1 WHEN x=w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
                   1386: } {R1 R2 R3}
                   1387: 
                   1388: do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.4 {
                   1389:   SELECT CASE ceval(x) WHEN w1 THEN r1 WHEN w2 THEN r2 ELSE r3 END FROM t2
                   1390: } {R1 R2 R3}
                   1391: do_test e_expr-26.1.5 { set ::evalcount } {3}
                   1392: set ::evalcount 0
                   1393: do_execsql_test e_expr-26.1.6 {
                   1394:   SELECT CASE 
                   1395:     WHEN ceval(x)=w1 THEN r1 
                   1396:     WHEN ceval(x)=w2 THEN r2 
                   1397:     ELSE r3 END 
                   1398:   FROM t2
                   1399: } {R1 R2 R3}
                   1400: do_test e_expr-26.1.6 { set ::evalcount } {5}
                   1401: 
                   1402: 
                   1403: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1404: # Test statements related to CAST expressions.
                   1405: #
                   1406: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-65079-31758 Application of a CAST expression is
                   1407: # different to application of a column affinity, as with a CAST
                   1408: # expression the storage class conversion is forced even if it is lossy
                   1409: # and irrreversible.
                   1410: #
                   1411: do_execsql_test e_expr-27.1.1 {
                   1412:   CREATE TABLE t3(a TEXT, b REAL, c INTEGER);
                   1413:   INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(X'555655', '1.23abc', 4.5);
                   1414:   SELECT typeof(a), a, typeof(b), b, typeof(c), c FROM t3;
                   1415: } {blob UVU text 1.23abc real 4.5}
                   1416: do_execsql_test e_expr-27.1.2 {
                   1417:   SELECT 
                   1418:     typeof(CAST(X'555655' as TEXT)), CAST(X'555655' as TEXT),
                   1419:     typeof(CAST('1.23abc' as REAL)), CAST('1.23abc' as REAL),
                   1420:     typeof(CAST(4.5 as INTEGER)), CAST(4.5 as INTEGER)
                   1421: } {text UVU real 1.23 integer 4}
                   1422: 
                   1423: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-27225-65050 If the value of <expr> is NULL, then
                   1424: # the result of the CAST expression is also NULL.
                   1425: #
                   1426: do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.1 { CAST(NULL AS integer) } null {}
                   1427: do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.2 { CAST(NULL AS text) }    null {}
                   1428: do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.3 { CAST(NULL AS blob) }    null {}
                   1429: do_expr_test e_expr-27.2.4 { CAST(NULL AS number) }  null {}
                   1430: 
                   1431: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-31076-23575 Casting a value to a <type-name> with
                   1432: # no affinity causes the value to be converted into a BLOB.
                   1433: #
                   1434: do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.1 { CAST('abc' AS blob)       } blob abc
                   1435: do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.2 { CAST('def' AS shobblob_x) } blob def
                   1436: do_expr_test e_expr-27.3.3 { CAST('ghi' AS abbLOb10)   } blob ghi
                   1437: 
                   1438: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22956-37754 Casting to a BLOB consists of first casting
                   1439: # the value to TEXT in the encoding of the database connection, then
                   1440: # interpreting the resulting byte sequence as a BLOB instead of as TEXT.
                   1441: #
                   1442: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.1 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'676869'
                   1443: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.2 { CAST(456 AS blob) }   X'343536'
                   1444: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.3 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) }  X'312E3738'
                   1445: rename db db2
                   1446: sqlite3 db :memory:
                   1447: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1448: db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
                   1449: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.4 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'670068006900'
                   1450: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.5 { CAST(456 AS blob) }   X'340035003600'
                   1451: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.6 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) }  X'31002E0037003800'
                   1452: }
                   1453: db close
                   1454: sqlite3 db :memory:
                   1455: db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
                   1456: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1457: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.7 { CAST('ghi' AS blob) } X'006700680069'
                   1458: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.8 { CAST(456 AS blob) }   X'003400350036'
                   1459: do_qexpr_test e_expr-27.4.9 { CAST(1.78 AS blob) }  X'0031002E00370038'
                   1460: }
                   1461: db close
                   1462: rename db2 db
                   1463: 
                   1464: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-04207-37981 To cast a BLOB value to TEXT, the sequence
                   1465: # of bytes that make up the BLOB is interpreted as text encoded using
                   1466: # the database encoding.
                   1467: #
                   1468: do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.1 { CAST (X'676869' AS text) } text ghi
                   1469: do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.2 { CAST (X'670068006900' AS text) } text g
                   1470: rename db db2
                   1471: sqlite3 db :memory:
                   1472: db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
                   1473: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1474: do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.3 { CAST (X'676869' AS text) == 'ghi' } integer 0
                   1475: do_expr_test e_expr-28.1.4 { CAST (X'670068006900' AS text) } text ghi
                   1476: }
                   1477: db close
                   1478: rename db2 db
                   1479: 
                   1480: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22235-47006 Casting an INTEGER or REAL value into TEXT
                   1481: # renders the value as if via sqlite3_snprintf() except that the
                   1482: # resulting TEXT uses the encoding of the database connection.
                   1483: #
                   1484: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.1 { CAST (1 AS text)   }     text 1
                   1485: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.2 { CAST (45 AS text)  }     text 45
                   1486: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.3 { CAST (-45 AS text) }     text -45
                   1487: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.4 { CAST (8.8 AS text)    }  text 8.8
                   1488: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.5 { CAST (2.3e+5 AS text) }  text 230000.0
                   1489: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.6 { CAST (-2.3e-5 AS text) } text -2.3e-05
                   1490: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.7 { CAST (0.0 AS text) }     text 0.0
                   1491: do_expr_test e_expr-28.2.7 { CAST (0 AS text) }       text 0
                   1492: 
                   1493: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-26346-36443 When casting a BLOB value to a REAL, the
                   1494: # value is first converted to TEXT.
                   1495: #
                   1496: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.1 { CAST (X'312E3233' AS REAL) } real 1.23
                   1497: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.2 { CAST (X'3233302E30' AS REAL) } real 230.0
                   1498: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.3 { CAST (X'2D392E3837' AS REAL) } real -9.87
                   1499: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.4 { CAST (X'302E30303031' AS REAL) } real 0.0001
                   1500: rename db db2
                   1501: sqlite3 db :memory:
                   1502: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1503: db eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
                   1504: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.5 { 
                   1505:     CAST (X'31002E0032003300' AS REAL) } real 1.23
                   1506: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.6 { 
                   1507:     CAST (X'3200330030002E003000' AS REAL) } real 230.0
                   1508: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.7 { 
                   1509:     CAST (X'2D0039002E0038003700' AS REAL) } real -9.87
                   1510: do_expr_test e_expr-29.1.8 { 
                   1511:     CAST (X'30002E003000300030003100' AS REAL) } real 0.0001
                   1512: }
                   1513: db close
                   1514: rename db2 db
                   1515: 
                   1516: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-54898-34554 When casting a TEXT value to REAL, the
                   1517: # longest possible prefix of the value that can be interpreted as a real
                   1518: # number is extracted from the TEXT value and the remainder ignored.
                   1519: #
                   1520: do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.1 { CAST('1.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.23
                   1521: do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.2 { CAST('1.45.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.45
                   1522: do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.3 { CAST('-2.12e-01ABC' AS REAL) } real -0.212
                   1523: do_expr_test e_expr-29.2.4 { CAST('1 2 3 4' AS REAL) } real 1.0
                   1524: 
                   1525: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-11321-47427 Any leading spaces in the TEXT value are
                   1526: # ignored when converging from TEXT to REAL.
                   1527: #
                   1528: do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.1 { CAST(' 1.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.23
                   1529: do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.2 { CAST('    1.45.23abcd' AS REAL) } real 1.45
                   1530: do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.3 { CAST('   -2.12e-01ABC' AS REAL) } real -0.212
                   1531: do_expr_test e_expr-29.3.4 { CAST(' 1 2 3 4' AS REAL) } real 1.0
                   1532: 
                   1533: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-22662-28218 If there is no prefix that can be
                   1534: # interpreted as a real number, the result of the conversion is 0.0.
                   1535: #
                   1536: do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.1 { CAST('' AS REAL) } real 0.0
                   1537: do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.2 { CAST('not a number' AS REAL) } real 0.0
                   1538: do_expr_test e_expr-29.4.3 { CAST('XXI' AS REAL) } real 0.0
                   1539: 
                   1540: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-21829-14563 When casting a BLOB value to INTEGER, the
                   1541: # value is first converted to TEXT.
                   1542: #
                   1543: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.1 { CAST(X'313233' AS INTEGER) } integer 123
                   1544: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.2 { CAST(X'2D363738' AS INTEGER) } integer -678
                   1545: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.3 { 
                   1546:   CAST(X'31303030303030' AS INTEGER) 
                   1547: } integer 1000000
                   1548: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.4 { 
                   1549:   CAST(X'2D31313235383939393036383432363234' AS INTEGER) 
                   1550: } integer -1125899906842624
                   1551: 
                   1552: rename db db2
                   1553: sqlite3 db :memory:
                   1554: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1555: execsql { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
                   1556: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.5 { CAST(X'003100320033' AS INTEGER) } integer 123
                   1557: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.6 { CAST(X'002D003600370038' AS INTEGER) } integer -678
                   1558: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.7 { 
                   1559:   CAST(X'0031003000300030003000300030' AS INTEGER) 
                   1560: } integer 1000000
                   1561: do_expr_test e_expr-30.1.8 { 
                   1562:   CAST(X'002D0031003100320035003800390039003900300036003800340032003600320034' AS INTEGER) 
                   1563: } integer -1125899906842624
                   1564: }
                   1565: db close
                   1566: rename db2 db
                   1567: 
                   1568: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-47612-45842 When casting a TEXT value to INTEGER, the
                   1569: # longest possible prefix of the value that can be interpreted as an
                   1570: # integer number is extracted from the TEXT value and the remainder
                   1571: # ignored.
                   1572: #
                   1573: do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.1 { CAST('123abcd' AS INT) } integer 123
                   1574: do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.2 { CAST('14523abcd' AS INT) } integer 14523
                   1575: do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.3 { CAST('-2.12e-01ABC' AS INT) } integer -2
                   1576: do_expr_test e_expr-30.2.4 { CAST('1 2 3 4' AS INT) } integer 1
                   1577: 
                   1578: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-34400-33772 Any leading spaces in the TEXT value when
                   1579: # converting from TEXT to INTEGER are ignored.
                   1580: #
                   1581: do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.1 { CAST('   123abcd' AS INT) } integer 123
                   1582: do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.2 { CAST('  14523abcd' AS INT) } integer 14523
                   1583: do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.3 { CAST(' -2.12e-01ABC' AS INT) } integer -2
                   1584: do_expr_test e_expr-30.3.4 { CAST('     1 2 3 4' AS INT) } integer 1
                   1585: 
                   1586: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-43164-44276 If there is no prefix that can be
                   1587: # interpreted as an integer number, the result of the conversion is 0.
                   1588: #
                   1589: do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.1 { CAST('' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
                   1590: do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.2 { CAST('not a number' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
                   1591: do_expr_test e_expr-30.4.3 { CAST('XXI' AS INTEGER) } integer 0
                   1592: 
                   1593: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-00741-38776 A cast of a REAL value into an INTEGER will
                   1594: # truncate the fractional part of the REAL.
                   1595: #
                   1596: do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.1 { CAST(3.14159 AS INTEGER) } integer 3
                   1597: do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.2 { CAST(1.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer 1
                   1598: do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.3 { CAST(-1.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer -1
                   1599: do_expr_test e_expr-31.1.4 { CAST(-0.99999 AS INTEGER) } integer 0
                   1600: 
                   1601: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49503-28105 If a REAL is too large to be represented as
                   1602: # an INTEGER then the result of the cast is the largest negative
                   1603: # integer: -9223372036854775808.
                   1604: #
                   1605: do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.1 { CAST(2e+50 AS INT) } integer -9223372036854775808
                   1606: do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.2 { CAST(-2e+50 AS INT) } integer -9223372036854775808
                   1607: do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.3 { 
                   1608:   CAST(-9223372036854775809.0 AS INT)
                   1609: } integer -9223372036854775808
                   1610: do_expr_test e_expr-31.2.4 { 
                   1611:   CAST(9223372036854775809.0 AS INT)
                   1612: } integer -9223372036854775808
                   1613: 
                   1614: 
                   1615: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-09295-61337 Casting a TEXT or BLOB value into NUMERIC
                   1616: # first does a forced conversion into REAL but then further converts the
                   1617: # result into INTEGER if and only if the conversion from REAL to INTEGER
                   1618: # is lossless and reversible.
                   1619: #
                   1620: do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.1 { CAST('45'   AS NUMERIC)  } integer 45
                   1621: do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.2 { CAST('45.0' AS NUMERIC)  } integer 45
                   1622: do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.3 { CAST('45.2' AS NUMERIC)  } real 45.2
                   1623: do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.4 { CAST('11abc' AS NUMERIC) } integer 11
                   1624: do_expr_test e_expr-32.1.5 { CAST('11.1abc' AS NUMERIC) } real 11.1
                   1625: 
                   1626: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-30347-18702 Casting a REAL or INTEGER value to NUMERIC
                   1627: # is a no-op, even if a real value could be losslessly converted to an
                   1628: # integer.
                   1629: #
                   1630: do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.1 { CAST(13.0 AS NUMERIC) } real 13.0
                   1631: do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.2 { CAST(13.5 AS NUMERIC) } real 13.5
                   1632: 
                   1633: do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.3 { 
                   1634:   CAST(-9223372036854775808 AS NUMERIC)
                   1635: } integer -9223372036854775808
                   1636: do_expr_test e_expr-32.2.4 { 
                   1637:   CAST(9223372036854775807 AS NUMERIC)
                   1638: } integer 9223372036854775807
                   1639: 
                   1640: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-64550-29191 Note that the result from casting any
                   1641: # non-BLOB value into a BLOB and the result from casting any BLOB value
                   1642: # into a non-BLOB value may be different depending on whether the
                   1643: # database encoding is UTF-8, UTF-16be, or UTF-16le.
                   1644: #
                   1645: ifcapable {utf16} {
                   1646: sqlite3 db1 :memory: ; db1 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-8' }
                   1647: sqlite3 db2 :memory: ; db2 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16le' }
                   1648: sqlite3 db3 :memory: ; db3 eval { PRAGMA encoding = 'utf-16be' }
                   1649: foreach {tn castexpr differs} {
                   1650:   1 { CAST(123 AS BLOB)    } 1
                   1651:   2 { CAST('' AS BLOB)     } 0
                   1652:   3 { CAST('abcd' AS BLOB) } 1
                   1653: 
                   1654:   4 { CAST(X'abcd' AS TEXT) } 1
                   1655:   5 { CAST(X'' AS TEXT)     } 0
                   1656: } {
                   1657:   set r1 [db1 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
                   1658:   set r2 [db2 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
                   1659:   set r3 [db3 eval "SELECT typeof($castexpr), quote($castexpr)"]
                   1660: 
                   1661:   if {$differs} {
                   1662:     set res [expr {$r1!=$r2 && $r2!=$r3}]
                   1663:   } else {
                   1664:     set res [expr {$r1==$r2 && $r2==$r3}]
                   1665:   }
                   1666: 
                   1667:   do_test e_expr-33.1.$tn {set res} 1
                   1668: }
                   1669: db1 close
                   1670: db2 close
                   1671: db3 close
                   1672: }
                   1673: 
                   1674: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1675: # Test statements related to the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS operators.
                   1676: #
                   1677: catch { db close }
                   1678: forcedelete test.db
                   1679: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1680: 
                   1681: do_execsql_test e_expr-34.1 {
                   1682:   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
                   1683:   INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
                   1684:   INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, 2);
                   1685:   INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL);
                   1686:   INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
                   1687: } {}
                   1688: 
                   1689: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25588-27181 The EXISTS operator always evaluates to one
                   1690: # of the integer values 0 and 1.
                   1691: #
                   1692: # This statement is not tested by itself. Instead, all e_expr-34.* tests 
                   1693: # following this point explicitly test that specific invocations of EXISTS
                   1694: # return either integer 0 or integer 1.
                   1695: #
                   1696: 
                   1697: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-58553-63740 If executing the SELECT statement specified
                   1698: # as the right-hand operand of the EXISTS operator would return one or
                   1699: # more rows, then the EXISTS operator evaluates to 1.
                   1700: #
                   1701: foreach {tn expr} {
                   1702:     1 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 ) }
                   1703:     2 { EXISTS ( SELECT b FROM t1 ) }
                   1704:     3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24 ) }
                   1705:     4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL ) }
                   1706:     5 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IS NULL ) }
                   1707: } {
                   1708:   do_expr_test e_expr-34.2.$tn $expr integer 1
                   1709: }
                   1710: 
                   1711: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-19673-40972 If executing the SELECT would return no
                   1712: # rows at all, then the EXISTS operator evaluates to 0.
                   1713: #
                   1714: foreach {tn expr} {
                   1715:     1 { EXISTS ( SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE 0) }
                   1716:     2 { EXISTS ( SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a = 5) }
                   1717:     3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24 WHERE 0) }
                   1718:     4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL WHERE 1=2) }
                   1719: } {
                   1720:   do_expr_test e_expr-34.3.$tn $expr integer 0
                   1721: }
                   1722: 
                   1723: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-35109-49139 The number of columns in each row returned
                   1724: # by the SELECT statement (if any) and the specific values returned have
                   1725: # no effect on the results of the EXISTS operator.
                   1726: #
                   1727: foreach {tn expr res} {
                   1728:     1 { EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) }                          1
                   1729:     2 { EXISTS ( SELECT *, *, * FROM t1 ) }                    1
                   1730:     3 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24, 25 ) }                             1
                   1731:     4 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL ) }                   1
                   1732:     5 { EXISTS ( SELECT a,b,a||b FROM t1 WHERE a IS NULL ) }   1
                   1733: 
                   1734:     6 { EXISTS ( SELECT a, a FROM t1 WHERE 0) }                0
                   1735:     7 { EXISTS ( SELECT b, b, a FROM t1 WHERE a = 5) }         0
                   1736:     8 { EXISTS ( SELECT 24, 46, 89 WHERE 0) }                  0
                   1737:     9 { EXISTS ( SELECT NULL, NULL WHERE 1=2) }                0
                   1738: } {
                   1739:   do_expr_test e_expr-34.4.$tn $expr integer $res
                   1740: }
                   1741: 
                   1742: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-10645-12439 In particular, rows containing NULL values
                   1743: # are not handled any differently from rows without NULL values.
                   1744: #
                   1745: foreach {tn e1 e2} {
                   1746:   1 { EXISTS (SELECT 'not null') }    { EXISTS (SELECT NULL) }
                   1747:   2 { EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM t1) }  { EXISTS (SELECT 'bread' FROM t1) }
                   1748: } {
                   1749:   set res [db one "SELECT $e1"]
                   1750:   do_expr_test e_expr-34.5.${tn}a $e1 integer $res
                   1751:   do_expr_test e_expr-34.5.${tn}b $e2 integer $res
                   1752: }
                   1753: 
                   1754: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1755: # Test statements related to scalar sub-queries.
                   1756: #
                   1757: 
                   1758: catch { db close }
                   1759: forcedelete test.db
                   1760: sqlite3 db test.db
                   1761: do_test e_expr-35.0 {
                   1762:   execsql {
                   1763:     CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
                   1764:     INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('one', 'two');
                   1765:     INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('three', NULL);
                   1766:     INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(4, 5.0);
                   1767:   }
                   1768: } {}
                   1769: 
                   1770: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-00980-39256 A SELECT statement enclosed in parentheses
                   1771: # may appear as a scalar quantity.
                   1772: #
                   1773: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-56294-03966 All types of SELECT statement, including
                   1774: # aggregate and compound SELECT queries (queries with keywords like
                   1775: # UNION or EXCEPT) are allowed as scalar subqueries.
                   1776: #
                   1777: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.1 { (SELECT 35)   } integer 35
                   1778: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.2 { (SELECT NULL) } null {}
                   1779: 
                   1780: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.3 { (SELECT count(*) FROM t2) } integer 3
                   1781: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.4 { (SELECT 4 FROM t2) } integer 4
                   1782: 
                   1783: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.5 { 
                   1784:   (SELECT b FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1 FROM t2)
                   1785: } null {}
                   1786: do_expr_test e_expr-35.1.6 { 
                   1787:   (SELECT a FROM t2 UNION SELECT COALESCE(b, 55) FROM t2 ORDER BY 1)
                   1788: } integer 4
                   1789: 
                   1790: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-46899-53765 A SELECT used as a scalar quantity must
                   1791: # return a result set with a single column.
                   1792: #
                   1793: # The following block tests that errors are returned in a bunch of cases
                   1794: # where a subquery returns more than one column.
                   1795: #
                   1796: set M {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}
                   1797: foreach {tn sql} {
                   1798:   1     { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1, b+1 FROM t2) }
                   1799:   2     { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2 UNION SELECT a+1, b+1 FROM t2 ORDER BY 1) }
                   1800:   3     { SELECT (SELECT 1, 2) }
                   1801:   4     { SELECT (SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL) }
                   1802:   5     { SELECT (SELECT * FROM t2) }
                   1803:   6     { SELECT (SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1, 2, 3)) }
                   1804: } {
                   1805:   do_catchsql_test e_expr-35.2.$tn $sql [list 1 $M]
                   1806: }
                   1807: 
                   1808: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-35764-28041 The result of the expression is the value
                   1809: # of the only column in the first row returned by the SELECT statement.
                   1810: #
                   1811: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-41898-06686 If the SELECT yields more than one result
                   1812: # row, all rows after the first are ignored.
                   1813: #
                   1814: do_execsql_test e_expr-36.3.1 {
                   1815:   CREATE TABLE t4(x, y);
                   1816:   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(1, 'one');
                   1817:   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(2, 'two');
                   1818:   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(3, 'three');
                   1819: } {}
                   1820: 
                   1821: foreach {tn expr restype resval} {
                   1822:     2  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY x )      }        integer 1
                   1823:     3  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY y )      }        integer 1
                   1824:     4  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY x DESC ) }        integer 3
                   1825:     5  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 ORDER BY y DESC ) }        integer 2
                   1826:     6  { ( SELECT y FROM t4 ORDER BY y DESC ) }        text    two
                   1827: 
                   1828:     7  { ( SELECT sum(x) FROM t4 )           }         integer 6
                   1829:     8  { ( SELECT group_concat(y,'') FROM t4 ) }       text    onetwothree
                   1830:     9  { ( SELECT max(x) FROM t4 WHERE y LIKE '___') } integer 2 
                   1831: 
                   1832: } {
                   1833:   do_expr_test e_expr-36.3.$tn $expr $restype $resval
                   1834: }
                   1835: 
                   1836: # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25492-41572 If the SELECT yields no rows, then the
                   1837: # value of the expression is NULL.
                   1838: #
                   1839: foreach {tn expr} {
                   1840:     1  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 WHERE x>3 ORDER BY x )      }
                   1841:     2  { ( SELECT x FROM t4 WHERE y<'one' ORDER BY y )  }
                   1842: } {
                   1843:   do_expr_test e_expr-36.4.$tn $expr null {}
                   1844: }
                   1845: 
                   1846: 
                   1847: finish_test

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