Annotation of embedaddon/sudo/doc/UPGRADE, revision 1.1.1.2
1.1 misho 1: Notes on upgrading from an older release
2: ========================================
3:
4: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.2:
5:
6: When matching Unix groups in the sudoers file, sudo will now
7: match based on the name of the group as it appears in sudoers
8: instead of the group ID. This can substantially reduce the
9: number of group lookups for sudoers files that contain a large
10: nummber of groups. There are a few side effects of this change.
11:
12: 1) Unix groups with different names but the same group ID are
13: can no longer be used interchangably. Sudo will look up all
14: of a user's groups by group ID and use the resulting group
15: names when matching sudoers entries. If there are multiple
16: groups with the same ID, the group name returned by the
17: system getgrgid() library function is the name that will be
18: used when matching sudoers entries.
19:
20: 2) Unix group names specified in the sudoers file that are
21: longer than the system maximum will no longer match. For
22: instance, if there is a Unix group "fireflie" on a system
23: where group names are limited to eight characters, "%fireflies"
24: in sudoers will no longer match "fireflie". Previously, a
25: lookup by name of the group "fireflies" would have matched
26: the "fireflie" group on most systems.
27:
28: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.1:
29:
30: Changes in the sudoers parser could result in parse errors for
31: existing sudoers file. These changes cause certain erroneous
32: entries to be flagged as errors where before they allowed.
33: Changes include:
34:
35: Combining multiple Defaults entries with a backslash. E.g.
36:
37: Defaults set_path \
38: Defaults syslog
39:
40: which should be:
41:
42: Defaults set_path
43: Defaults syslog
44:
45: Also, double-quoted strings with a missing end-quote are now
46: detected and result in an error. Previously, text starting a
47: double quote and ending with a newline was ignored. E.g.
48:
49: Defaults set_path"foo
50:
51: In previous versions of sudo, the `"foo' portion would have
52: been ignored.
53:
54: To avoid problems, sudo 1.8.1's "make install" will not install
55: a new sudo binary if the existing sudoers file has errors.
56:
57: In Sudo 1.8.1 the "noexec" functionality has moved out of the
58: sudoers policy plugin and into the sudo front-end. As a result,
59: the path to the noexec file is now specified in the sudo.conf
60: file instead of the sudoers file. If you have a sudoers file
61: that uses the "noexec_file" option, you will need to move the
62: definition to the sudo.conf file instead.
63:
64: Old style in /etc/sudoers:
65: Defaults noexec_file=/usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so
66:
67: New style in /etc/sudo.conf:
68: Path noexec /usr/local/libexec/sudo_noexec.so
69:
70: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.8.0:
71:
72: Starting with version 1.8.0, sudo uses a modular framework to
73: support policy and I/O logging plugins. The default policy
74: plugin is "sudoers" which provides the traditional sudoers
75: evaluation and I/O logging. Plugins are typically located in
76: /usr/libexec or /usr/local/libexec, though this is system-dependent.
77: The sudoers plugin is named "sudoers.so" on most systems.
78:
79: The sudo.conf file, usually stored in /etc, is used to configure
80: plugins. This file is optional--if no plugins are specified
81: in sudo.conf, the "sudoers" plugin is used. See the sample.sudo.conf
82: file in the doc directory or refer to the updated sudo manual
83: to see how to configure sudo.conf.
84:
85: The "askpass" setting has moved from the sudoers file to the
86: sudo.conf file. If you have a sudoers file that uses the
87: "askpass" option, you will need to move the definition to the
88: sudo.conf file.
89:
90: Old style in /etc/sudoers:
91: Defaults askpass=/usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass
92:
93: New style in /etc/sudo.conf:
94: Path askpass /usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass
95:
96: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.5:
97:
98: Sudo 1.7.5 includes an updated LDAP schema with support for
99: the sudoNotBefore, sudoNotAfter and sudoOrder attributes.
100:
101: The sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter attribute support is only
102: used when the SUDOERS_TIMED setting is enabled in ldap.conf.
103: If enabled, those attributes are used directly when constructing
104: an LDAP filter. As a result, your LDAP server must have the
105: updated schema if you want to use sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter.
106:
107: The sudoOrder support does not affect the LDAP filter sudo
108: constructs and so there is no need to explicitly enable it in
109: ldap.conf. If the sudoOrder attribute is not present in an
110: entry, a value of 0 is used. If no entries contain sudoOrder
111: attributes, the results are in whatever order the LDAP server
112: returns them, as in past versions of sudo.
113:
114: Older versions of sudo will simply ignore the new attributes
115: if they are present in an entry. There are no compatibility
116: problems using the updated schema with older versions of sudo.
117:
118: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.4:
119:
120: Starting with sudo 1.7.4, the time stamp files have moved from
121: /var/run/sudo to either /var/db/sudo, /var/lib/sudo or /var/adm/sudo.
122: The directories are checked for existence in that order. This
123: prevents users from receiving the sudo lecture every time the
124: system reboots. Time stamp files older than the boot time are
125: ignored on systems where it is possible to determine this.
126:
127: Additionally, the tty_tickets sudoers option is now enabled by
128: default. To restore the old behavior (single time stamp per user),
129: add a line like:
130: Defaults !tty_tickets
131: to sudoers or use the --without-tty-tickets configure option.
132:
133: The HOME and MAIL environment variables are now reset based on the
134: target user's password database entry when the env_reset sudoers option
135: is enabled (which is the case in the default configuration). Users
136: wishing to preserve the original values should use a sudoers entry like:
137: Defaults env_keep += HOME
138: to preserve the old value of HOME and
139: Defaults env_keep += MAIL
140: to preserve the old value of MAIL.
141:
142: NOTE: preserving HOME has security implications since many programs
1.1.1.2 ! misho 143: use it when searching for configuration files. Adding HOME to env_keep
1.1 misho 144: may enable a user to run unrestricted commands via sudo.
145:
146: The default syslog facility has changed from "local2" to "authpriv"
147: (or "auth" if the operating system doesn't have "authpriv").
148: The --with-logfac configure option can be used to change this
149: or it can be changed in the sudoers file.
150:
151: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.7.0:
152:
153: Starting with sudo 1.7.0, comments in the sudoers file must not
154: have a digit or minus sign immediately after the comment character
155: ('#'). Otherwise, the comment may be interpreted as a user or
156: group ID.
157:
158: When sudo is build with LDAP support the /etc/nsswitch.conf file is
159: now used to determine the sudoers seach order. sudo will default to
160: only using /etc/sudoers unless /etc/nsswitch.conf says otherwise.
161: This can be changed with an nsswitch.conf line, e.g.:
162: sudoers: ldap files
163: Would case LDAP to be searched first, then the sudoers file.
164: To restore the pre-1.7.0 behavior, run configure with the
165: --with-nsswitch=no flag.
166:
167: Sudo now ignores user .ldaprc files as well as system LDAP defaults.
168: All LDAP configuration is now in /etc/ldap.conf (or whichever file
169: was specified by configure's --with-ldap-conf-file option).
170: If you are using TLS, you may now need to specify:
171: tls_checkpeer no
172: in sudo's ldap.conf unless ldap.conf references a valid certificate
173: authority file(s).
174:
175: Please also see the NEWS file for a list of new features in
176: sudo 1.7.0.
177:
178: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6.9:
179:
180: Starting with sudo 1.6.9, if an OS supports a modular authentication
181: method such as PAM, it will be used by default by configure.
182:
183: Environment variable handling has changed significantly in sudo
184: 1.6.9. Prior to version 1.6.9, sudo would preserve the user's
185: environment, pruning out potentially dangerous variables.
186: Beginning with sudo 1.6.9, the envionment is reset to a default
187: set of values with only a small number of "safe" variables
188: preserved. To preserve specific environment variables, add
189: them to the "env_keep" list in sudoers. E.g.
190:
191: Defaults env_keep += "EDITOR"
192:
193: The old behavior can be restored by negating the "env_reset"
194: option in sudoers. E.g.
195:
196: Defaults !env_reset
197:
198: There have also been changes to how the "env_keep" and
199: "env_check" options behave.
200:
201: Prior to sudo 1.6.9, the TERM and PATH environment variables
202: would always be preserved even if the env_keep option was
203: redefined. That is no longer the case. Consequently, if
204: env_keep is set with "=" and not simply appended to (i.e. using
205: "+="), PATH and TERM must be explicitly included in the list
206: of environment variables to keep. The LOGNAME, SHELL, USER,
207: and USERNAME environment variables are still always set.
208:
209: Additionally, the env_check setting previously had no effect
210: when env_reset was set (which is now on by default). Starting
211: with sudo 1.6.9, environment variables listed in env_check are
212: also preserved in the env_reset case, provided that they do not
213: contain a '/' or '%' character. Note that it is not necessary
214: to also list a variable in env_keep--having it in env_check is
215: sufficent.
216:
217: The default lists of variables to be preserved and/or checked
218: are displayed when sudo is run by root with the -V flag.
219:
220: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6.8:
221:
222: Prior to sudo 1.6.8, if /var/run did not exist, sudo would put
223: the time stamp files in /tmp/.odus. As of sudo 1.6.8, the
224: time stamp files will be placed in /var/adm/sudo or /usr/adm/sudo
225: if there is no /var/run directory. This directory will be
226: created if it does not already exist.
227:
228: Previously, a sudoers entry that explicitly prohibited running
229: a command as a certain user did not override a previous entry
230: allowing the same command. This has been fixed in sudo 1.6.8
231: such that the last match is now used (as it is documented).
232: Hopefully no one was depending on the previous (buggy) beghavior.
233:
234: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.6:
235:
236: As of sudo 1.6, parsing of runas entries and the NOPASSWD tag
237: has changed. Prior to 1.6, a runas specifier applied only to
238: a single command directly following it. Likewise, the NOPASSWD
239: tag only allowed the command directly following it to be run
240: without a password. Starting with sudo 1.6, both the runas
241: specifier and the NOPASSWD tag are "sticky" for an entire
242: command list. So, given the following line in sudo < 1.6
243:
244: millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami,/bin/ls
245:
246: millert would be able to run /usr/bin/whoami as user daemon
247: without a password and /bin/ls as root with a password.
248:
249: As of sudo 1.6, the same line now means that millert is able
250: to run run both /usr/bin/whoami and /bin/ls as user daemon
251: without a password. To expand on this, take the following
252: example:
253:
254: millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami, (root) /bin/ls, \
255: /sbin/dump
256:
257: millert can run /usr/bin/whoami as daemon and /bin/ls and
258: /sbin/dump as root. No password need be given for either
259: command. In other words, the "(root)" sets the default runas
260: user to root for the rest of the list. If we wanted to require
261: a password for /bin/ls and /sbin/dump the line could be written
262: thusly:
263:
264: millert ALL=(daemon) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/whoami, \
265: (root) PASSWD:/bin/ls, /sbin/dump
266:
267: Additionally, sudo now uses a per-user time stamp directory
268: instead of a time stamp file. This allows tty time stamps to
269: simply be files within the user's time stamp dir. For the
270: default, non-tty case, the time stamp on the directory itself
271: is used.
272:
273: Also, the temporary file used by visudo is now /etc/sudoers.tmp
274: since some versions of vipw on systems with shadow passwords use
275: /etc/stmp for the temporary shadow file.
276:
277: o Upgrading from a version prior to 1.5:
278:
279: By default, sudo expects the sudoers file to be mode 0440 and
280: to be owned by user and group 0. This differs from version 1.4
281: and below which expected the sudoers file to be mode 0400 and
282: to be owned by root. Doing a `make install' will set the sudoers
283: file to the new mode and group. If sudo encounters a sudoers
284: file with the old permissions it will attempt to update it to
285: the new scheme. You cannot, however, use a sudoers file with
286: the new permissions with an old sudo binary. It is suggested
287: that if have a means of distributing sudo you distribute the
288: new binaries first, then the new sudoers file (or you can leave
289: sudoers as is and sudo will fix the permissions itself as long
290: as sudoers is on a local file system).
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