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.\" .\" Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com> .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. .\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd July 16, 2012 .Dt SUDO_PLUGIN @mansectform@ .Os Sudo @PACKAGE_VERSION@ .Sh NAME .Nm sudo_plugin .Nd Sudo Plugin API .Sh DESCRIPTION Starting with version 1.8, .Nm sudo supports a plugin API for policy and session logging. By default, the .Em sudoers policy plugin and an associated I/O logging plugin are used. Via the plugin API, .Nm sudo can be configured to use alternate policy and/or I/O logging plugins provided by third parties. The plugins to be used are specified via the .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf file. .Pp The API is versioned with a major and minor number. The minor version number is incremented when additions are made. The major number is incremented when incompatible changes are made. A plugin should be check the version passed to it and make sure that the major version matches. .Pp The plugin API is defined by the .Li sudo_plugin.h header file. .Ss The sudo.conf file The .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf file contains plugin configuration directives. The primary keyword is the .Li Plugin directive, which causes a plugin to be loaded. .Pp A .Li Plugin line consists of the .Li Plugin keyword, followed by the .Em symbol_name and the .Em path to the shared object containing the plugin. The .Em symbol_name is the name of the .Li struct policy_plugin or .Li struct io_plugin in the plugin shared object. The .Em path may be fully qualified or relative. If not fully qualified it is relative to the .Pa @prefix@/libexec directory. Any additional parameters after the .Em path are passed as options to the plugin's .Fn open function. Lines that don't begin with .Li Plugin , .Li Path , .Li Debug or .Li Set are silently ignored. .Pp The same shared object may contain multiple plugins, each with a different symbol name. The shared object file must be owned by uid 0 and only writable by its owner. Because of ambiguities that arise from composite policies, only a single policy plugin may be specified. This limitation does not apply to I/O plugins. .Bd -literal # # Default @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf file # # Format: # Plugin plugin_name plugin_path plugin_options ... # Path askpass /path/to/askpass # Path noexec /path/to/sudo_noexec.so # Debug sudo /var/log/sudo_debug all@warn # Set disable_coredump true # # The plugin_path is relative to @prefix@/libexec unless # fully qualified. # The plugin_name corresponds to a global symbol in the plugin # that contains the plugin interface structure. # The plugin_options are optional. # Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so Plugin sudoers_io sudoers.so .Ed .Ss Policy plugin API A policy plugin must declare and populate a .Li policy_plugin struct in the global scope. This structure contains pointers to the functions that implement the .Nm sudo policy checks. The name of the symbol should be specified in .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf along with a path to the plugin so that .Nm sudo can load it. .Bd -literal struct policy_plugin { #define SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN 1 unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN */ unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */ int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation, sudo_printf_t plugin_printf, char * const settings[], char * const user_info[], char * const user_env[], char * const plugin_options[]); void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); int (*show_version)(int verbose); int (*check_policy)(int argc, char * const argv[], char *env_add[], char **command_info[], char **argv_out[], char **user_env_out[]); int (*list)(int argc, char * const argv[], int verbose, const char *list_user); int (*validate)(void); void (*invalidate)(int remove); int (*init_session)(struct passwd *pwd, char **user_env[]); void (*register_hooks)(int version, int (*register_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); void (*deregister_hooks)(int version, int (*deregister_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); }; .Ed .Pp The policy_plugin struct has the following fields: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It type The .Li type field should always be set to SUDO_POLICY_PLUGIN. .It version The .Li version field should be set to .Dv SUDO_API_VERSION . .Pp This allows .Nm sudo to determine the API version the plugin was built against. .It open .Bd -literal -compact int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation, sudo_printf_t plugin_printf, char * const settings[], char * const user_info[], char * const user_env[], char * const plugin_options[]); .Ed .Pp Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure, \-1 if a general error occurred, or \-2 if there was a usage error. In the latter case, .Nm sudo will print a usage message before it exits. If an error occurs, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It version The version passed in by .Nm sudo allows the plugin to determine the major and minor version number of the plugin API supported by .Nm sudo . .It conversation A pointer to the .Fn conversation function that can be used by the plugin to interact with the user (see below). Returns 0 on success and \-1 on failure. .It plugin_printf A pointer to a .Fn printf Ns No -style function that may be used to display informational or error messages (see below). Returns the number of characters printed on success and \-1 on failure. .It settings A vector of user-supplied .Nm sudo settings in the form of .Dq name=value strings. The vector is terminated by a .Dv NULL pointer. These settings correspond to flags the user specified when running .Nm sudo . As such, they will only be present when the corresponding flag has been specified on the command line. .Pp When parsing .Em settings , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .Bl -tag -width 4n .It debug_flags=string A comma-separated list of debug flags that correspond to .Nm sudo Ns No 's .Li Debug entry in .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf , if there is one. The flags are passed to the plugin as they appear in .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf . The syntax used by .Nm sudo and the .Em sudoers plugin is .Em subsystem Ns No @ Ns Em priority but the plugin is free to use a different format so long as it does not include a comma .Pq Ql ,\& . .Pp For reference, the priorities supported by the .Nm sudo front end and .Em sudoers are: .Em crit , .Em err , .Em warn , .Em notice , .Em diag , .Em info , .Em trace and .Em debug . .Pp The following subsystems are defined: .Em main , .Em memory , .Em args , .Em exec , .Em pty , .Em utmp , .Em conv , .Em pcomm , .Em util , .Em list , .Em netif , .Em audit , .Em edit , .Em selinux , .Em ldap , .Em match , .Em parser , .Em alias , .Em defaults , .Em auth , .Em env , .Em logging , .Em nss , .Em rbtree , .Em perms , .Em plugin . The subsystem .Em all includes every subsystem. .Pp There is not currently a way to specify a set of debug flags specific to the plugin--the flags are shared by .Nm sudo and the plugin. .It debug_level=number This setting has been deprecated in favor of .Em debug_flags . .It runas_user=string The user name or uid to to run the command as, if specified via the .Fl u flag. .It runas_group=string The group name or gid to to run the command as, if specified via the .Fl g flag. .It prompt=string The prompt to use when requesting a password, if specified via the .Fl p flag. .It set_home=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl H flag. If true, set the .Li HOME environment variable to the target user's home directory. .It preserve_environment=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl E flag, indicating that the user wishes to preserve the environment. .It run_shell=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl s flag, indicating that the user wishes to run a shell. .It login_shell=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl i flag, indicating that the user wishes to run a login shell. .It implied_shell=bool If the user does not specify a program on the command line, .Nm sudo will pass the plugin the path to the user's shell and set .Em implied_shell to true. This allows .Nm sudo with no arguments to be used similarly to .Xr su 1 . If the plugin does not to support this usage, it may return a value of \-2 from the .Fn check_policy function, which will cause .Nm sudo to print a usage message and exit. .It preserve_groups=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl P flag, indicating that the user wishes to preserve the group vector instead of setting it based on the runas user. .It ignore_ticket=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl k flag along with a command, indicating that the user wishes to ignore any cached authentication credentials. .It noninteractive=bool Set to true if the user specified the .Fl n flag, indicating that .Nm sudo should operate in non-interactive mode. The plugin may reject a command run in non-interactive mode if user interaction is required. .It login_class=string BSD login class to use when setting resource limits and nice value, if specified by the .Fl c flag. .It selinux_role=string SELinux role to use when executing the command, if specified by the .Fl r flag. .It selinux_type=string SELinux type to use when executing the command, if specified by the .Fl t flag. .It bsdauth_type=string Authentication type, if specified by the .Fl a flag, to use on systems where BSD authentication is supported. .It network_addrs=list A space-separated list of IP network addresses and netmasks in the form .Dq addr/netmask , e.g.\& .Dq 192.168.1.2/255.255.255.0 . The address and netmask pairs may be either IPv4 or IPv6, depending on what the operating system supports. If the address contains a colon .Pq Ql :\& , it is an IPv6 address, else it is IPv4. .It progname=string The command name that sudo was run as, typically .Dq sudo or .Dq sudoedit . .It sudoedit=bool Set to true when the .Fl e flag is is specified or if invoked as .Nm sudoedit . The plugin shall substitute an editor into .Em argv in the .Fn check_policy function or return \-2 with a usage error if the plugin does not support .Em sudoedit . For more information, see the .Em check_policy section. .It closefrom=number If specified, the user has requested via the .Fl C flag that .Nm sudo close all files descriptors with a value of .Em number or higher. The plugin may optionally pass this, or another value, back in the .Em command_info list. .El .Pp Additional settings may be added in the future so the plugin should silently ignore settings that it does not recognize. .It user_info A vector of information about the user running the command in the form of .Dq name=value strings. The vector is terminated by a .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp When parsing .Em user_info , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .Bl -tag -width 4n .It pid=int The process ID of the running .Nm sudo process. Only available starting with API version 1.2 .It ppid=int The parent process ID of the running .Nm sudo process. Only available starting with API version 1.2 .It sid=int The session ID of the running .Nm sudo process or 0 if .Nm sudo is not part of a POSIX job control session. Only available starting with API version 1.2 .It pgid=int The ID of the process group that the running .Nm sudo process belongs to. Only available starting with API version 1.2 .It tcpgid=int The ID of the forground process group associated with the terminal device associcated with the .Nm sudo process or \-1 if there is no terminal present. Only available starting with API version 1.2 .It user=string The name of the user invoking .Nm sudo . .It euid=uid_t The effective user ID of the user invoking .Nm sudo . .It uid=uid_t The real user ID of the user invoking .Nm sudo . .It egid=gid_t The effective group ID of the user invoking .Nm sudo . .It gid=gid_t The real group ID of the user invoking .Nm sudo . .It groups=list The user's supplementary group list formatted as a string of comma-separated group IDs. .It cwd=string The user's current working directory. .It tty=string The path to the user's terminal device. If the user has no terminal device associated with the session, the value will be empty, as in .Dq Li tty= . .It host=string The local machine's hostname as returned by the .Xr gethostname 2 system call. .It lines=int The number of lines the user's terminal supports. If there is no terminal device available, a default value of 24 is used. .It cols=int The number of columns the user's terminal supports. If there is no terminal device available, a default value of 80 is used. .El .It user_env The user's environment in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated vector of .Dq name=value strings. .Pp When parsing .Em user_env , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .It plugin_options Any (non-comment) strings immediately after the plugin path are treated as arguments to the plugin. These arguments are split on a white space boundary and are passed to the plugin in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated array of strings. If no arguments were specified, .Em plugin_options will be the .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp NOTE: the .Em plugin_options parameter is only available starting with API version 1.2. A plugin .Sy must check the API version specified by the .Nm sudo front end before using .Em plugin_options . Failure to do so may result in a crash. .El .It close .Bd -literal -compact void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); .Ed .Pp The .Fn close function is called when the command being run by .Nm sudo finishes. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It exit_status The command's exit status, as returned by the .Xr wait 2 system call. The value of .Li exit_status is undefined if .Li error is non-zero. .It error If the command could not be executed, this is set to the value of .Li errno set by the .Xr execve 2 system call. The plugin is responsible for displaying error information via the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function. If the command was successfully executed, the value of .Li error is 0. .El .It show_version .Bd -literal -compact int (*show_version)(int verbose); .Ed .Pp The .Fn show_version function is called by .Nm sudo when the user specifies the .Fl V option. The plugin may display its version information to the user via the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function using .Dv SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG . If the user requests detailed version information, the verbose flag will be set. .It check_policy .Bd -literal -compact int (*check_policy)(int argc, char * const argv[] char *env_add[], char **command_info[], char **argv_out[], char **user_env_out[]); .Ed .Pp The .Fn check_policy function is called by .Nm sudo to determine whether the user is allowed to run the specified commands. .Pp If the .Em sudoedit option was enabled in the .Em settings array passed to the .Fn open function, the user has requested .Em sudoedit mode. .Em sudoedit is a mechanism for editing one or more files where an editor is run with the user's credentials instead of with elevated privileges. .Nm sudo achieves this by creating user-writable temporary copies of the files to be edited and then overwriting the originals with the temporary copies after editing is complete. If the plugin supports .Em sudoedit , it should choose the editor to be used, potentially from a variable in the user's environment, such as .Li EDITOR , and include it in .Em argv_out (note that environment variables may include command line flags). The files to be edited should be copied from .Em argv into .Em argv_out , separated from the editor and its arguments by a .Dq Li -- element. The .Dq Li -- will be removed by .Nm sudo before the editor is executed. The plugin should also set .Em sudoedit=true in the .Em command_info list. .Pp The .Fn check_policy function returns 1 if the command is allowed, 0 if not allowed, \-1 for a general error, or \-2 for a usage error or if .Em sudoedit was specified but is unsupported by the plugin. In the latter case, .Nm sudo will print a usage message before it exits. If an error occurs, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It argc The number of elements in .Em argv , not counting the final .Dv NULL pointer. .It argv The argument vector describing the command the user wishes to run, in the same form as what would be passed to the .Xr execve 2 system call. The vector is terminated by a .Dv NULL pointer. .It env_add Additional environment variables specified by the user on the command line in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated vector of .Dq name=value strings. The plugin may reject the command if one or more variables are not allowed to be set, or it may silently ignore such variables. .Pp When parsing .Em env_add , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .It command_info Information about the command being run in the form of .Dq name=value strings. These values are used by .Nm sudo to set the execution environment when running a command. The plugin is responsible for creating and populating the vector, which must be terminated with a .Dv NULL pointer. The following values are recognized by .Nm sudo : .Bl -tag -width 4n .It command=string Fully qualified path to the command to be executed. .It runas_uid=uid User ID to run the command as. .It runas_euid=uid Effective user ID to run the command as. If not specified, the value of .Em runas_uid is used. .It runas_gid=gid Group ID to run the command as. .It runas_egid=gid Effective group ID to run the command as. If not specified, the value of .Em runas_gid is used. .It runas_groups=list The supplementary group vector to use for the command in the form of a comma-separated list of group IDs. If .Em preserve_groups is set, this option is ignored. .It login_class=string BSD login class to use when setting resource limits and nice value (optional). This option is only set on systems that support login classes. .It preserve_groups=bool If set, .Nm sudo will preserve the user's group vector instead of initializing the group vector based on .Li runas_user . .It cwd=string The current working directory to change to when executing the command. .It noexec=bool If set, prevent the command from executing other programs. .It chroot=string The root directory to use when running the command. .It nice=int Nice value (priority) to use when executing the command. The nice value, if specified, overrides the priority associated with the .Em login_class on BSD systems. .It umask=octal The file creation mask to use when executing the command. .It selinux_role=string SELinux role to use when executing the command. .It selinux_type=string SELinux type to use when executing the command. .It timeout=int Command timeout. If non-zero then when the timeout expires the command will be killed. .It sudoedit=bool Set to true when in .Em sudoedit mode. The plugin may enable .Em sudoedit mode even if .Nm sudo was not invoked as .Nm sudoedit . This allows the plugin to perform command substitution and transparently enable .Em sudoedit when the user attempts to run an editor. .It closefrom=number If specified, .Nm sudo will close all files descriptors with a value of .Em number or higher. .It iolog_compress=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should compress the log data. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It iolog_path=string Fully qualified path to the file or directory in which I/O log is to be stored. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. If no I/O logging plugin is loaded, this setting has no effect. .It iolog_stdin=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should log the standard input if it is not connected to a terminal device. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It iolog_stdout=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should log the standard output if it is not connected to a terminal device. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It iolog_stderr=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should log the standard error if it is not connected to a terminal device. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It iolog_ttyin=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should log all terminal input. This only includes input typed by the user and not from a pipe or redirected from a file. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It iolog_ttyout=bool Set to true if the I/O logging plugins, if any, should log all terminal output. This only includes output to the screen, not output to a pipe or file. This is a hint to the I/O logging plugin which may choose to ignore it. .It use_pty=bool Allocate a pseudo-tty to run the command in, regardless of whether or not I/O logging is in use. By default, .Nm sudo will only run the command in a pty when an I/O log plugin is loaded. .It set_utmp=bool Create a utmp (or utmpx) entry when a pseudo-tty is allocated. By default, the new entry will be a copy of the user's existing utmp entry (if any), with the tty, time, type and pid fields updated. .It utmp_user=string User name to use when constructing a new utmp (or utmpx) entry when .Em set_utmp is enabled. This option can be used to set the user field in the utmp entry to the user the command runs as rather than the invoking user. If not set, .Nm sudo will base the new entry on the invoking user's existing entry. .El .Pp Unsupported values will be ignored. .It argv_out The .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated argument vector to pass to the .Xr execve 2 system call when executing the command. The plugin is responsible for allocating and populating the vector. .It user_env_out The .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated environment vector to use when executing the command. The plugin is responsible for allocating and populating the vector. .El .It list .Bd -literal -compact int (*list)(int verbose, const char *list_user, int argc, char * const argv[]); .Ed .Pp List available privileges for the invoking user. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure and \-1 on error. On error, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .Pp Privileges should be output via the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function using .Dv SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG , .Bl -tag -width 4n .It verbose Flag indicating whether to list in verbose mode or not. .It list_user The name of a different user to list privileges for if the policy allows it. If .Dv NULL , the plugin should list the privileges of the invoking user. .It argc The number of elements in .Em argv , not counting the final .Dv NULL pointer. .It argv If .No non- Ns Dv NULL , an argument vector describing a command the user wishes to check against the policy in the same form as what would be passed to the .Xr execve 2 system call. If the command is permitted by the policy, the fully-qualified path to the command should be displayed along with any command line arguments. .El .It validate .Bd -literal -compact int (*validate)(void); .Ed .Pp The .Fn validate function is called when .Nm sudo is run with the .Fl v flag. For policy plugins such as .Em sudoers that cache authentication credentials, this function will validate and cache the credentials. .Pp The .Fn validate function should be .Dv NULL if the plugin does not support credential caching. .Pp Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure and \-1 on error. On error, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .It invalidate .Bd -literal -compact void (*invalidate)(int remove); .Ed .Pp The .Fn invalidate function is called when .Nm sudo is called with the .Fl k or .Fl K flag. For policy plugins such as .Em sudoers that cache authentication credentials, this function will invalidate the credentials. If the .Em remove flag is set, the plugin may remove the credentials instead of simply invalidating them. .Pp The .Fn invalidate function should be .Dv NULL if the plugin does not support credential caching. .It init_session .Bd -literal -compact int (*init_session)(struct passwd *pwd, char **user_envp[); .Ed .Pp The .Fn init_session function is called before .Nm sudo sets up the execution environment for the command. It is run in the parent .Nm sudo process and before any uid or gid changes. This can be used to perform session setup that is not supported by .Em command_info , such as opening the PAM session. The .Fn close function can be used to tear down the session that was opened by .Li init_session . .Pp The .Em pwd argument points to a passwd struct for the user the command will be run as if the uid the command will run as was found in the password database, otherwise it will be .Dv NULL . .Pp The .Em user_env argument points to the environment the command will run in, in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated vector of .Dq name=value strings. This is the same string passed back to the front end via the Policy Plugin's .Em user_env_out parameter. If the .Fn init_session function needs to modify the user environment, it should update the pointer stored in .Em user_env . The expected use case is to merge the contents of the PAM environment (if any) with the contents of .Em user_env . NOTE: the .Em user_env parameter is only available starting with API version 1.2. A plugin .Sy must check the API version specified by the .Nm sudo front end before using .Em user_env . Failure to do so may result in a crash. .Pp Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure and \-1 on error. On error, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .It register_hooks .Bd -literal -compact void (*register_hooks)(int version, int (*register_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); .Ed .Pp The .Fn register_hooks function is called by the sudo front end to register any hooks the plugin needs. If the plugin does not support hooks, .Li register_hooks should be set to the .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp The .Em version argument describes the version of the hooks API supported by the .Nm sudo front end. .Pp The .Fn register_hook function should be used to register any supported hooks the plugin needs. It returns 0 on success, 1 if the hook type is not supported and \-1 if the major version in .Li struct hook does not match the front end's major hook API version. .Pp See the .Sx Hook function API section below for more information about hooks. .Pp NOTE: the .Fn register_hooks function is only available starting with API version 1.2. If the .Nm sudo front end doesn't support API version 1.2 or higher, .Li register_hooks will not be called. .It deregister_hooks .Bd -literal -compact void (*deregister_hooks)(int version, int (*deregister_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); .Ed .Pp The .Fn deregister_hooks function is called by the sudo front end to deregister any hooks the plugin has registered. If the plugin does not support hooks, .Li deregister_hooks should be set to the .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp The .Em version argument describes the version of the hooks API supported by the .Nm sudo front end. .Pp The .Fn deregister_hook function should be used to deregister any hooks that were put in place by the .Fn register_hook function. If the plugin tries to deregister a hook that the front end does not support, .Li deregister_hook will return an error. .Pp See the .Sx Hook function API section below for more information about hooks. .Pp NOTE: the .Fn deregister_hooks function is only available starting with API version 1.2. If the .Nm sudo front end doesn't support API version 1.2 or higher, .Li deregister_hooks will not be called. .El .Pp .Em Policy Plugin Version Macros .Bd -literal /* Plugin API version major/minor. */ #define SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR 1 #define SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR 2 #define SUDO_API_MKVERSION(x, y) ((x << 16) | y) #define SUDO_API_VERSION SUDO_API_MKVERSION(SUDO_API_VERSION_MAJOR,\e SUDO_API_VERSION_MINOR) /* Getters and setters for API version */ #define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MAJOR(v) ((v) >> 16) #define SUDO_API_VERSION_GET_MINOR(v) ((v) & 0xffff) #define SUDO_API_VERSION_SET_MAJOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0x0000ffff) | ((n) << 16); \e } while(0) #define SUDO_VERSION_SET_MINOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0xffff0000) | (n); \e } while(0) .Ed .Ss I/O plugin API .Bd -literal struct io_plugin { #define SUDO_IO_PLUGIN 2 unsigned int type; /* always SUDO_IO_PLUGIN */ unsigned int version; /* always SUDO_API_VERSION */ int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation sudo_printf_t plugin_printf, char * const settings[], char * const user_info[], int argc, char * const argv[], char * const user_env[], char * const plugin_options[]); void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); /* wait status or error */ int (*show_version)(int verbose); int (*log_ttyin)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); int (*log_ttyout)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); int (*log_stdin)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); int (*log_stdout)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); int (*log_stderr)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); void (*register_hooks)(int version, int (*register_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); void (*deregister_hooks)(int version, int (*deregister_hook)(struct sudo_hook *hook)); }; .Ed .Pp When an I/O plugin is loaded, .Nm sudo runs the command in a pseudo-tty. This makes it possible to log the input and output from the user's session. If any of the standard input, standard output or standard error do not correspond to a tty, .Nm sudo will open a pipe to capture the I/O for logging before passing it on. .Pp The log_ttyin function receives the raw user input from the terminal device (note that this will include input even when echo is disabled, such as when a password is read). The log_ttyout function receives output from the pseudo-tty that is suitable for replaying the user's session at a later time. The .Fn log_stdin , .Fn log_stdout and .Fn log_stderr functions are only called if the standard input, standard output or standard error respectively correspond to something other than a tty. .Pp Any of the logging functions may be set to the .Dv NULL pointer if no logging is to be performed. If the open function returns 0, no I/O will be sent to the plugin. .Pp The io_plugin struct has the following fields: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It type The .Li type field should always be set to .Dv SUDO_IO_PLUGIN . .It version The .Li version field should be set to .Dv SUDO_API_VERSION . .Pp This allows .Nm sudo to determine the API version the plugin was built against. .It open .Bd -literal -compact int (*open)(unsigned int version, sudo_conv_t conversation sudo_printf_t plugin_printf, char * const settings[], char * const user_info[], int argc, char * const argv[], char * const user_env[], char * const plugin_options[]); .Ed .Pp The .Fn open function is run before the .Fn log_input , .Fn log_output or .Fn show_version functions are called. It is only called if the version is being requested or the .Fn check_policy function has returned successfully. It returns 1 on success, 0 on failure, \-1 if a general error occurred, or \-2 if there was a usage error. In the latter case, .Nm sudo will print a usage message before it exits. If an error occurs, the plugin may optionally call the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It version The version passed in by .Nm sudo allows the plugin to determine the major and minor version number of the plugin API supported by .Nm sudo . .It conversation A pointer to the .Fn conversation function that may be used by the .Fn show_version function to display version information (see .Fn show_version below). The .Fn conversation function may also be used to display additional error message to the user. The .Fn conversation function returns 0 on success and \-1 on failure. .It plugin_printf A pointer to a .Fn printf Ns No -style function that may be used by the .Fn show_version function to display version information (see show_version below). The .Fn plugin_printf function may also be used to display additional error message to the user. The .Fn plugin_printf function returns number of characters printed on success and \-1 on failure. .It settings A vector of user-supplied .Nm sudo settings in the form of .Dq name=value strings. The vector is terminated by a .Dv NULL pointer. These settings correspond to flags the user specified when running .Nm sudo . As such, they will only be present when the corresponding flag has been specified on the command line. .Pp When parsing .Em settings , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .Pp See the .Sx Policy plugin API section for a list of all possible settings. .It user_info A vector of information about the user running the command in the form of .Dq name=value strings. The vector is terminated by a .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp When parsing .Em user_info , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .Pp See the .Sx Policy plugin API section for a list of all possible strings. .It argc The number of elements in .Em argv , not counting the final .Dv NULL pointer. .It argv If .No non- Ns Dv NULL , an argument vector describing a command the user wishes to run in the same form as what would be passed to the .Xr execve 2 system call. .It user_env The user's environment in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated vector of .Dq name=value strings. .Pp When parsing .Em user_env , the plugin should split on the .Sy first equal sign .Pq Ql = since the .Em name field will never include one itself but the .Em value might. .It plugin_options Any (non-comment) strings immediately after the plugin path are treated as arguments to the plugin. These arguments are split on a white space boundary and are passed to the plugin in the form of a .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated array of strings. If no arguments were specified, .Em plugin_options will be the .Dv NULL pointer. .Pp NOTE: the .Em plugin_options parameter is only available starting with API version 1.2. A plugin .Sy must check the API version specified by the .Nm sudo front end before using .Em plugin_options . Failure to do so may result in a crash. .El .It close .Bd -literal -compact void (*close)(int exit_status, int error); .Ed .Pp The .Fn close function is called when the command being run by .Nm sudo finishes. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It exit_status The command's exit status, as returned by the .Xr wait 2 system call. The value of .Li exit_status is undefined if .Li error is non-zero. .It error If the command could not be executed, this is set to the value of .Li errno set by the .Xr execve 2 system call. If the command was successfully executed, the value of .Li error is 0. .El .It show_version .Bd -literal -compact int (*show_version)(int verbose); .Ed .Pp The .Fn show_version function is called by .Nm sudo when the user specifies the .Fl V option. The plugin may display its version information to the user via the .Fn conversation or .Fn plugin_printf function using .Dv SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG . If the user requests detailed version information, the verbose flag will be set. .It log_ttyin .Bd -literal -compact int (*log_ttyin)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); .Ed .Pp The .Fn log_ttyin function is called whenever data can be read from the user but before it is passed to the running command. This allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance if the input contains banned content). Returns 1 if the data should be passed to the command, 0 if the data is rejected (which will terminate the command) or \-1 if an error occurred. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It buf The buffer containing user input. .It len The length of .Em buf in bytes. .El .It log_ttyout .Bd -literal -compact int (*log_ttyout)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); .Ed .Pp The .Fn log_ttyout function is called whenever data can be read from the command but before it is written to the user's terminal. This allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance if the output contains banned content). Returns 1 if the data should be passed to the user, 0 if the data is rejected (which will terminate the command) or \-1 if an error occurred. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It buf The buffer containing command output. .It len The length of .Em buf in bytes. .El .It log_stdin .Bd -literal -compact int (*log_stdin)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); .Ed .Pp The .Fn log_stdin function is only used if the standard input does not correspond to a tty device. It is called whenever data can be read from the standard input but before it is passed to the running command. This allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance if the input contains banned content). Returns 1 if the data should be passed to the command, 0 if the data is rejected (which will terminate the command) or \-1 if an error occurred. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It buf The buffer containing user input. .It len The length of .Em buf in bytes. .El .It log_stdout .Bd -literal -compact int (*log_stdout)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); .Ed .Pp The .Fn log_stdout function is only used if the standard output does not correspond to a tty device. It is called whenever data can be read from the command but before it is written to the standard output. This allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance if the output contains banned content). Returns 1 if the data should be passed to the user, 0 if the data is rejected (which will terminate the command) or \-1 if an error occurred. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It buf The buffer containing command output. .It len The length of .Em buf in bytes. .El .It log_stderr .Bd -literal -compact int (*log_stderr)(const char *buf, unsigned int len); .Ed .Pp The .Fn log_stderr function is only used if the standard error does not correspond to a tty device. It is called whenever data can be read from the command but before it is written to the standard error. This allows the plugin to reject data if it chooses to (for instance if the output contains banned content). Returns 1 if the data should be passed to the user, 0 if the data is rejected (which will terminate the command) or \-1 if an error occurred. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It buf The buffer containing command output. .It len The length of .Em buf in bytes. .El .It register_hooks See the .Sx Policy plugin API section for a description of .Li register_hooks . .It deregister_hooks See the .Sx Policy plugin API section for a description of .Li deregister_hooks. .El .Pp .Em I/O Plugin Version Macros .Pp Same as for the .Sx Policy plugin API . .Ss Hook function API Beginning with plugin API version 1.2, it is possible to install hooks for certain functions called by the .Nm sudo front end. .Pp Currently, the only supported hooks relate to the handling of environment variables. Hooks can be used to intercept attempts to get, set, or remove environment variables so that these changes can be reflected in the version of the environment that is used to execute a command. A future version of the API will support hooking internal .Nm sudo front end functions as well. .Pp .Em Hook structure .Pp Hooks in .Nm sudo are described by the following structure: .Bd -literal typedef int (*sudo_hook_fn_t)(); struct sudo_hook { int hook_version; int hook_type; sudo_hook_fn_t hook_fn; void *closure; }; .Ed .Pp The .Li sudo_hook structure has the following fields: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It hook_version The .Li hook_version field should be set to .Dv SUDO_HOOK_VERSION . .It hook_type The .Li hook_type field may be one of the following supported hook types: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_SETENV The C library .Xr setenv 3 function. Any registered hooks will run before the C library implementation. The .Li hook_fn field should be a function that matches the following typedef: .Bd -literal typedef int (*sudo_hook_fn_setenv_t)(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite, void *closure); .Ed .Pp If the registered hook does not match the typedef the results are unspecified. .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_UNSETENV The C library .Xr unsetenv 3 function. Any registered hooks will run before the C library implementation. The .Li hook_fn field should be a function that matches the following typedef: .Bd -literal typedef int (*sudo_hook_fn_unsetenv_t)(const char *name, void *closure); .Ed .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_GETENV The C library .Xr getenv 3 function. Any registered hooks will run before the C library implementation. The .Li hook_fn field should be a function that matches the following typedef: .Bd -literal typedef int (*sudo_hook_fn_getenv_t)(const char *name, char **value, void *closure); .Ed .Pp If the registered hook does not match the typedef the results are unspecified. .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_PUTENV The C library .Xr putenv 3 function. Any registered hooks will run before the C library implementation. The .Li hook_fn field should be a function that matches the following typedef: .Bd -literal typedef int (*sudo_hook_fn_putenv_t)(char *string, void *closure); .Ed .Pp If the registered hook does not match the typedef the results are unspecified. .El .It hook_fn sudo_hook_fn_t hook_fn; .Pp The .Li hook_fn field should be set to the plugin's hook implementation. The actual function arguments will vary depending on the .Li hook_type (see .Li hook_type above). In all cases, the .Li closure field of .Li struct sudo_hook is passed as the last function parameter. This can be used to pass arbitrary data to the plugin's hook implementation. .Pp The function return value may be one of the following: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_RET_ERROR The hook function encountered an error. .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_RET_NEXT The hook completed without error, go on to the next hook (including the native implementation if applicable). For example, a .Xr getenv 3 hook might return .Dv SUDO_HOOK_RET_NEXT if the specified variable was not found in the private copy of the environment. .It Dv SUDO_HOOK_RET_STOP The hook completed without error, stop processing hooks for this invocation. This can be used to replace the native implementation. For example, a .Li setenv hook that operates on a private copy of the environment but leaves .Li environ unchanged. .El .El .Pp Note that it is very easy to create an infinite loop when hooking C library functions. For example, a .Xr getenv 3 hook that calls the .Xr snprintf 3 function may create a loop if the .Xr snprintf 3 implementation calls .Xr getenv 3 to check the locale. To prevent this, you may wish to use a static variable in the hook function to guard against nested calls. For example: .Bd -literal static int in_progress = 0; /* avoid recursion */ if (in_progress) return SUDO_HOOK_RET_NEXT; in_progress = 1; \&... in_progress = 0; return SUDO_HOOK_RET_STOP; .Ed .Pp .Em Hook API Version Macros .Bd -literal /* Hook API version major/minor */ #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_MAJOR 1 #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_MINOR 0 #define SUDO_HOOK_MKVERSION(x, y) ((x << 16) | y) #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION SUDO_HOOK_MKVERSION(SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_MAJOR,\e SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_MINOR) /* Getters and setters for hook API version */ #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_GET_MAJOR(v) ((v) >> 16) #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_GET_MINOR(v) ((v) & 0xffff) #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_SET_MAJOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0x0000ffff) | ((n) << 16); \e } while(0) #define SUDO_HOOK_VERSION_SET_MINOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0xffff0000) | (n); \e } while(0) .Ed .Ss Conversation API If the plugin needs to interact with the user, it may do so via the .Fn conversation function. A plugin should not attempt to read directly from the standard input or the user's tty (neither of which are guaranteed to exist). The caller must include a trailing newline in .Li msg if one is to be printed. .Pp A .Fn printf Ns No -style function is also available that can be used to display informational or error messages to the user, which is usually more convenient for simple messages where no use input is required. .Bd -literal struct sudo_conv_message { #define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF 0x0001 /* do not echo user input */ #define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_ON 0x0002 /* echo user input */ #define SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG 0x0003 /* error message */ #define SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG 0x0004 /* informational message */ #define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_MASK 0x0005 /* mask user input */ #define SUDO_CONV_DEBUG_MSG 0x0006 /* debugging message */ #define SUDO_CONV_PROMPT_ECHO_OK 0x1000 /* flag: allow echo if no tty */ int msg_type; int timeout; const char *msg; }; struct sudo_conv_reply { char *reply; }; typedef int (*sudo_conv_t)(int num_msgs, const struct sudo_conv_message msgs[], struct sudo_conv_reply replies[]); typedef int (*sudo_printf_t)(int msg_type, const char *fmt, ...); .Ed .Pp Pointers to the .Fn conversation and .Fn printf Ns No -style functions are passed in to the plugin's .Fn open function when the plugin is initialized. .Pp To use the .Fn conversation function, the plugin must pass an array of .Li sudo_conv_message and .Li sudo_conv_reply structures. There must be a .Li struct sudo_conv_message and .Li struct sudo_conv_reply for each message in the conversation. The plugin is responsible for freeing the reply buffer filled in to the .Li struct sudo_conv_reply , if any. .Pp The .Fn printf Ns No -style function uses the same underlying mechanism as the .Fn conversation function but only supports .Dv SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG , .Dv SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG and .Dv SUDO_CONV_DEBUG_MSG for the .Em msg_type parameter. It can be more convenient than using the .Fn conversation function if no user reply is needed and supports standard .Fn printf escape sequences. .Pp Unlike, .Dv SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG and Dv SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG , messages sent with the .Dv SUDO_CONV_DEBUG_MSG .Em msg_type are not directly user-visible. Instead, they are logged to the file specified in the .Li Debug statement (if any) in the .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf .Pp file. This allows a plugin to log debugging information and is intended to be used in conjunction with the .Em debug_flags setting. .Pp See the sample plugin for an example of the .Fn conversation function usage. .Ss Sudoers group plugin API The .Em sudoers module supports a plugin interface to allow non-Unix group lookups. This can be used to query a group source other than the standard Unix group database. A sample group plugin is bundled with .Nm sudo that implements file-based lookups. Third party group plugins include a QAS AD plugin available from Quest Software. .Pp A group plugin must declare and populate a .Li sudoers_group_plugin struct in the global scope. This structure contains pointers to the functions that implement plugin initialization, cleanup and group lookup. .Bd -literal struct sudoers_group_plugin { unsigned int version; int (*init)(int version, sudo_printf_t sudo_printf, char *const argv[]); void (*cleanup)(void); int (*query)(const char *user, const char *group, const struct passwd *pwd); }; .Ed .Pp The .Li sudoers_group_plugin struct has the following fields: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It version The .Li version field should be set to GROUP_API_VERSION. .Pp This allows .Em sudoers to determine the API version the group plugin was built against. .It init .Bd -literal -compact int (*init)(int version, sudo_printf_t plugin_printf, char *const argv[]); .Ed .Pp The .Fn init function is called after .Em sudoers has been parsed but before any policy checks. It returns 1 on success, 0 on failure (or if the plugin is not configured), and \-1 if a error occurred. If an error occurs, the plugin may call the .Fn plugin_printf function with .Dv SUDO_CONF_ERROR_MSG to present additional error information to the user. .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It version The version passed in by .Em sudoers allows the plugin to determine the major and minor version number of the group plugin API supported by .Em sudoers . .It plugin_printf A pointer to a .Fn printf Ns No -style function that may be used to display informational or error message to the user. Returns the number of characters printed on success and \-1 on failure. .It argv A .Dv NULL Ns No -terminated array of arguments generated from the .Em group_plugin option in .Em sudoers . If no arguments were given, .Em argv will be .Dv NULL . .El .It cleanup .Bd -literal -compact void (*cleanup)(); .Ed .Pp The .Fn cleanup function is called when .Em sudoers has finished its group checks. The plugin should free any memory it has allocated and close open file handles. .It query .Bd -literal -compact int (*query)(const char *user, const char *group, const struct passwd *pwd); .Ed .Pp The .Fn query function is used to ask the group plugin whether .Em user is a member of .Em group . .Pp The function arguments are as follows: .Bl -tag -width 4n .It user The name of the user being looked up in the external group database. .It group The name of the group being queried. .It pwd The password database entry for .Em user , if any. If .Em user is not present in the password database, .Em pwd will be .Dv NULL . .El .El .Pp .Em Group API Version Macros .Bd -literal /* Sudoers group plugin version major/minor */ #define GROUP_API_VERSION_MAJOR 1 #define GROUP_API_VERSION_MINOR 0 #define GROUP_API_VERSION ((GROUP_API_VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | \e GROUP_API_VERSION_MINOR) /* Getters and setters for group version */ #define GROUP_API_VERSION_GET_MAJOR(v) ((v) >> 16) #define GROUP_API_VERSION_GET_MINOR(v) ((v) & 0xffff) #define GROUP_API_VERSION_SET_MAJOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0x0000ffff) | ((n) << 16); \e } while(0) #define GROUP_API_VERSION_SET_MINOR(vp, n) do { \e *(vp) = (*(vp) & 0xffff0000) | (n); \e } while(0) .Ed .Sh PLUGIN API CHANGELOG The following revisions have been made to the Sudo Plugin API. .Bl -tag -width 4n .It Version 1.0 Initial API version. .It Version 1.1 The I/O logging plugin's .Fn open function was modified to take the .Li command_info list as an argument. .It Version 1.2 The Policy and I/O logging plugins' .Fn open functions are now passed a list of plugin options if any are specified in .Pa @sysconfdir@/sudo.conf . .Pp A simple hooks API has been introduced to allow plugins to hook in to the system's environment handling functions. .Pp The .Li init_session Policy plugin function is now passed a pointer to the user environment which can be updated as needed. This can be used to merge in environment variables stored in the PAM handle before a command is run. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr sudoers @mansectform@ , .Xr sudo @mansectsu@ .Sh BUGS If you feel you have found a bug in .Nm sudo , please submit a bug report at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/ .Sh SUPPORT Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to subscribe or search the archives. .Sh DISCLAIMER .Nm sudo is provided .Dq AS IS and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the LICENSE file distributed with .Nm sudo or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html for complete details.