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142: .IX Title "SUDOERS.LDAP @mansectform@"
143: .TH SUDOERS.LDAP @mansectform@ "September 16, 2011" "1.8.3" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"
144: .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
145: .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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147: .nh
148: .SH "NAME"
149: sudoers.ldap \- sudo LDAP configuration
150: .SH "DESCRIPTION"
151: .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
152: In addition to the standard \fIsudoers\fR file, \fBsudo\fR may be configured
153: via \s-1LDAP\s0. This can be especially useful for synchronizing \fIsudoers\fR
154: in a large, distributed environment.
155: .PP
156: Using \s-1LDAP\s0 for \fIsudoers\fR has several benefits:
157: .IP "\(bu" 4
158: \&\fBsudo\fR no longer needs to read \fIsudoers\fR in its entirety. When
159: \&\s-1LDAP\s0 is used, there are only two or three \s-1LDAP\s0 queries per invocation.
160: This makes it especially fast and particularly usable in \s-1LDAP\s0
161: environments.
162: .IP "\(bu" 4
163: \&\fBsudo\fR no longer exits if there is a typo in \fIsudoers\fR.
164: It is not possible to load \s-1LDAP\s0 data into the server that does
165: not conform to the sudoers schema, so proper syntax is guaranteed.
166: It is still possible to have typos in a user or host name, but
167: this will not prevent \fBsudo\fR from running.
168: .IP "\(bu" 4
169: It is possible to specify per-entry options that override the global
170: default options. \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR only supports default options and
171: limited options associated with user/host/commands/aliases. The
172: syntax is complicated and can be difficult for users to understand.
173: Placing the options directly in the entry is more natural.
174: .IP "\(bu" 4
175: The \fBvisudo\fR program is no longer needed. \fBvisudo\fR provides
176: locking and syntax checking of the \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR file.
177: Since \s-1LDAP\s0 updates are atomic, locking is no longer necessary.
178: Because syntax is checked when the data is inserted into \s-1LDAP\s0, there
179: is no need for a specialized tool to check syntax.
180: .PP
181: Another major difference between \s-1LDAP\s0 and file-based \fIsudoers\fR
182: is that in \s-1LDAP\s0, \fBsudo\fR\-specific Aliases are not supported.
183: .PP
184: For the most part, there is really no need for \fBsudo\fR\-specific
185: Aliases. Unix groups or user netgroups can be used in place of
186: User_Aliases and Runas_Aliases. Host netgroups can be used in place
187: of Host_Aliases. Since Unix groups and netgroups can also be stored
188: in \s-1LDAP\s0 there is no real need for \fBsudo\fR\-specific aliases.
189: .PP
190: Cmnd_Aliases are not really required either since it is possible
191: to have multiple users listed in a \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR. Instead of defining
192: a Cmnd_Alias that is referenced by multiple users, one can create
193: a \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR that contains the commands and assign multiple users
194: to it.
195: .SS "SUDOers \s-1LDAP\s0 container"
196: .IX Subsection "SUDOers LDAP container"
197: The \fIsudoers\fR configuration is contained in the \f(CW\*(C`ou=SUDOers\*(C'\fR \s-1LDAP\s0
198: container.
199: .PP
200: Sudo first looks for the \f(CW\*(C`cn=default\*(C'\fR entry in the SUDOers container.
201: If found, the multi-valued \f(CW\*(C`sudoOption\*(C'\fR attribute is parsed in the
202: same manner as a global \f(CW\*(C`Defaults\*(C'\fR line in \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR. In
203: the following example, the \f(CW\*(C`SSH_AUTH_SOCK\*(C'\fR variable will be preserved
204: in the environment for all users.
205: .PP
206: .Vb 6
207: \& dn: cn=defaults,ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com
208: \& objectClass: top
209: \& objectClass: sudoRole
210: \& cn: defaults
211: \& description: Default sudoOption\*(Aqs go here
212: \& sudoOption: env_keep+=SSH_AUTH_SOCK
213: .Ve
214: .PP
215: The equivalent of a sudoer in \s-1LDAP\s0 is a \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR. It consists of
216: the following attributes:
217: .IP "\fBsudoUser\fR" 4
218: .IX Item "sudoUser"
219: A user name, uid (prefixed with \f(CW\*(Aq#\*(Aq\fR), Unix group (prefixed with
220: a \f(CW\*(Aq%\*(Aq\fR) or user netgroup (prefixed with a \f(CW\*(Aq+\*(Aq\fR).
221: .IP "\fBsudoHost\fR" 4
222: .IX Item "sudoHost"
223: A host name, \s-1IP\s0 address, \s-1IP\s0 network, or host netgroup (prefixed
224: with a \f(CW\*(Aq+\*(Aq\fR).
225: The special value \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR will match any host.
226: .IP "\fBsudoCommand\fR" 4
227: .IX Item "sudoCommand"
228: A Unix command with optional command line arguments, potentially
229: including globbing characters (aka wild cards).
230: The special value \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR will match any command.
231: If a command is prefixed with an exclamation point \f(CW\*(Aq!\*(Aq\fR, the
232: user will be prohibited from running that command.
233: .IP "\fBsudoOption\fR" 4
234: .IX Item "sudoOption"
235: Identical in function to the global options described above, but
236: specific to the \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR in which it resides.
237: .IP "\fBsudoRunAsUser\fR" 4
238: .IX Item "sudoRunAsUser"
239: A user name or uid (prefixed with \f(CW\*(Aq#\*(Aq\fR) that commands may be run
240: as or a Unix group (prefixed with a \f(CW\*(Aq%\*(Aq\fR) or user netgroup (prefixed
241: with a \f(CW\*(Aq+\*(Aq\fR) that contains a list of users that commands may be
242: run as.
243: The special value \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR will match any user.
244: .Sp
245: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoRunAsUser\*(C'\fR attribute is only available in \fBsudo\fR versions
246: 1.7.0 and higher. Older versions of \fBsudo\fR use the \f(CW\*(C`sudoRunAs\*(C'\fR
247: attribute instead.
248: .IP "\fBsudoRunAsGroup\fR" 4
249: .IX Item "sudoRunAsGroup"
250: A Unix group or gid (prefixed with \f(CW\*(Aq#\*(Aq\fR) that commands may be run as.
251: The special value \f(CW\*(C`ALL\*(C'\fR will match any group.
252: .Sp
253: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoRunAsGroup\*(C'\fR attribute is only available in \fBsudo\fR versions
254: 1.7.0 and higher.
255: .IP "\fBsudoNotBefore\fR" 4
256: .IX Item "sudoNotBefore"
257: A timestamp in the form \f(CW\*(C`yyyymmddHHMMSSZ\*(C'\fR that can be used to provide
258: a start date/time for when the \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR will be valid. If
259: multiple \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotBefore\*(C'\fR entries are present, the earliest is used.
260: Note that timestamps must be in Coordinated Universal Time (\s-1UTC\s0),
261: not the local timezone. The minute and seconds portions are optional,
262: but some \s-1LDAP\s0 servers require that they be present (contrary to the \s-1RFC\s0).
263: .Sp
264: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotBefore\*(C'\fR attribute is only available in \fBsudo\fR versions
265: 1.7.5 and higher and must be explicitly enabled via the \fB\s-1SUDOERS_TIMED\s0\fR
266: option in \fI@ldap_conf@\fR.
267: .IP "\fBsudoNotAfter\fR" 4
268: .IX Item "sudoNotAfter"
269: A timestamp in the form \f(CW\*(C`yyyymmddHHMMSSZ\*(C'\fR that indicates an expiration
270: date/time, after which the \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR will no longer be valid. If
271: multiple \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotBefore\*(C'\fR entries are present, the last one is used.
272: Note that timestamps must be in Coordinated Universal Time (\s-1UTC\s0),
273: not the local timezone. The minute and seconds portions are optional,
274: but some \s-1LDAP\s0 servers require that they be present (contrary to the \s-1RFC\s0).
275: .Sp
276: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotAfter\*(C'\fR attribute is only available in \fBsudo\fR versions
277: 1.7.5 and higher and must be explicitly enabled via the \fB\s-1SUDOERS_TIMED\s0\fR
278: option in \fI@ldap_conf@\fR.
279: .IP "\fBsudoOrder\fR" 4
280: .IX Item "sudoOrder"
281: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR entries retrieved from the \s-1LDAP\s0 directory have no
282: inherent order. The \f(CW\*(C`sudoOrder\*(C'\fR attribute is an integer (or
283: floating point value for \s-1LDAP\s0 servers that support it) that is used
284: to sort the matching entries. This allows LDAP-based sudoers entries
285: to more closely mimic the behaviour of the sudoers file, where the
286: of the entries influences the result. If multiple entries match,
287: the entry with the highest \f(CW\*(C`sudoOrder\*(C'\fR attribute is chosen. This
288: corresponds to the \*(L"last match\*(R" behavior of the sudoers file. If
289: the \f(CW\*(C`sudoOrder\*(C'\fR attribute is not present, a value of 0 is assumed.
290: .Sp
291: The \f(CW\*(C`sudoOrder\*(C'\fR attribute is only available in \fBsudo\fR versions
292: 1.7.5 and higher.
293: .PP
294: Each attribute listed above should contain a single value, but there
295: may be multiple instances of each attribute type. A \f(CW\*(C`sudoRole\*(C'\fR must
296: contain at least one \f(CW\*(C`sudoUser\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sudoHost\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sudoCommand\*(C'\fR.
297: .PP
298: The following example allows users in group wheel to run any command
299: on any host via \fBsudo\fR:
300: .PP
301: .Vb 7
302: \& dn: cn=%wheel,ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com
303: \& objectClass: top
304: \& objectClass: sudoRole
305: \& cn: %wheel
306: \& sudoUser: %wheel
307: \& sudoHost: ALL
308: \& sudoCommand: ALL
309: .Ve
310: .SS "Anatomy of \s-1LDAP\s0 sudoers lookup"
311: .IX Subsection "Anatomy of LDAP sudoers lookup"
312: When looking up a sudoer using \s-1LDAP\s0 there are only two or three
313: \&\s-1LDAP\s0 queries per invocation. The first query is to parse the global
314: options. The second is to match against the user's name and the
315: groups that the user belongs to. (The special \s-1ALL\s0 tag is matched
316: in this query too.) If no match is returned for the user's name
317: and groups, a third query returns all entries containing user
318: netgroups and checks to see if the user belongs to any of them.
319: .PP
320: If timed entries are enabled with the \fB\s-1SUDOERS_TIMED\s0\fR configuration
321: directive, the \s-1LDAP\s0 queries include a subfilter that limits retrieval
322: to entries that satisfy the time constraints, if any.
323: .SS "Differences between \s-1LDAP\s0 and non-LDAP sudoers"
324: .IX Subsection "Differences between LDAP and non-LDAP sudoers"
325: There are some subtle differences in the way sudoers is handled
326: once in \s-1LDAP\s0. Probably the biggest is that according to the \s-1RFC\s0,
327: \&\s-1LDAP\s0 ordering is arbitrary and you cannot expect that Attributes
328: and Entries are returned in any specific order.
329: .PP
330: The order in which different entries are applied can be controlled
331: using the \f(CW\*(C`sudoOrder\*(C'\fR attribute, but there is no way to guarantee
332: the order of attributes within a specific entry. If there are
333: conflicting command rules in an entry, the negative takes precedence.
334: This is called paranoid behavior (not necessarily the most specific
335: match).
336: .PP
337: Here is an example:
338: .PP
339: .Vb 5
340: \& # /etc/sudoers:
341: \& # Allow all commands except shell
342: \& johnny ALL=(root) ALL,!/bin/sh
343: \& # Always allows all commands because ALL is matched last
344: \& puddles ALL=(root) !/bin/sh,ALL
345: \&
346: \& # LDAP equivalent of johnny
347: \& # Allows all commands except shell
348: \& dn: cn=role1,ou=Sudoers,dc=my\-domain,dc=com
349: \& objectClass: sudoRole
350: \& objectClass: top
351: \& cn: role1
352: \& sudoUser: johnny
353: \& sudoHost: ALL
354: \& sudoCommand: ALL
355: \& sudoCommand: !/bin/sh
356: \&
357: \& # LDAP equivalent of puddles
358: \& # Notice that even though ALL comes last, it still behaves like
359: \& # role1 since the LDAP code assumes the more paranoid configuration
360: \& dn: cn=role2,ou=Sudoers,dc=my\-domain,dc=com
361: \& objectClass: sudoRole
362: \& objectClass: top
363: \& cn: role2
364: \& sudoUser: puddles
365: \& sudoHost: ALL
366: \& sudoCommand: !/bin/sh
367: \& sudoCommand: ALL
368: .Ve
369: .PP
370: Another difference is that negations on the Host, User or Runas are
371: currently ignored. For example, the following attributes do not
372: behave the way one might expect.
373: .PP
374: .Vb 3
375: \& # does not match all but joe
376: \& # rather, does not match anyone
377: \& sudoUser: !joe
378: \&
379: \& # does not match all but joe
380: \& # rather, matches everyone including Joe
381: \& sudoUser: ALL
382: \& sudoUser: !joe
383: \&
384: \& # does not match all but web01
385: \& # rather, matches all hosts including web01
386: \& sudoHost: ALL
387: \& sudoHost: !web01
388: .Ve
389: .SS "Sudoers Schema"
390: .IX Subsection "Sudoers Schema"
391: In order to use \fBsudo\fR's \s-1LDAP\s0 support, the \fBsudo\fR schema must be
392: installed on your \s-1LDAP\s0 server. In addition, be sure to index the
393: \&'sudoUser' attribute.
394: .PP
395: Three versions of the schema: one for OpenLDAP servers (\fIschema.OpenLDAP\fR),
396: one for Netscape-derived servers (\fIschema.iPlanet\fR), and one for
397: Microsoft Active Directory (\fIschema.ActiveDirectory\fR) may
398: be found in the \fBsudo\fR distribution.
399: .PP
400: The schema for \fBsudo\fR in OpenLDAP form is included in the \s-1EXAMPLES\s0
401: section.
402: .SS "Configuring ldap.conf"
403: .IX Subsection "Configuring ldap.conf"
404: Sudo reads the \fI@ldap_conf@\fR file for LDAP-specific configuration.
405: Typically, this file is shared amongst different LDAP-aware clients.
406: As such, most of the settings are not \fBsudo\fR\-specific. Note that
407: \&\fBsudo\fR parses \fI@ldap_conf@\fR itself and may support options
408: that differ from those described in the \fIldap.conf\fR\|(@mansectform@) manual.
409: .PP
410: Also note that on systems using the OpenLDAP libraries, default
411: values specified in \fI/etc/openldap/ldap.conf\fR or the user's
412: \&\fI.ldaprc\fR files are not used.
413: .PP
414: Only those options explicitly listed in \fI@ldap_conf@\fR as being
415: supported by \fBsudo\fR are honored. Configuration options are listed
416: below in upper case but are parsed in a case-independent manner.
417: .IP "\fB\s-1URI\s0\fR ldap[s]://[hostname[:port]] ..." 4
418: .IX Item "URI ldap[s]://[hostname[:port]] ..."
419: Specifies a whitespace-delimited list of one or more URIs describing
420: the \s-1LDAP\s0 server(s) to connect to. The \fIprotocol\fR may be either
421: \&\fBldap\fR or \fBldaps\fR, the latter being for servers that support \s-1TLS\s0
422: (\s-1SSL\s0) encryption. If no \fIport\fR is specified, the default is port
423: 389 for \f(CW\*(C`ldap://\*(C'\fR or port 636 for \f(CW\*(C`ldaps://\*(C'\fR. If no \fIhostname\fR
424: is specified, \fBsudo\fR will connect to \fBlocalhost\fR. Multiple \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR
425: lines are treated identically to a \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR line containing multiple
426: entries. Only systems using the OpenSSL libraries support the
427: mixing of \f(CW\*(C`ldap://\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ldaps://\*(C'\fR URIs. The Netscape-derived
428: libraries used on most commercial versions of Unix are only capable
429: of supporting one or the other.
430: .IP "\fB\s-1HOST\s0\fR name[:port] ..." 4
431: .IX Item "HOST name[:port] ..."
432: If no \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR is specified, the \fB\s-1HOST\s0\fR parameter specifies a
433: whitespace-delimited list of \s-1LDAP\s0 servers to connect to. Each host
434: may include an optional \fIport\fR separated by a colon (':'). The
435: \&\fB\s-1HOST\s0\fR parameter is deprecated in favor of the \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR specification
436: and is included for backwards compatibility.
437: .IP "\fB\s-1PORT\s0\fR port_number" 4
438: .IX Item "PORT port_number"
439: If no \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR is specified, the \fB\s-1PORT\s0\fR parameter specifies the
440: default port to connect to on the \s-1LDAP\s0 server if a \fB\s-1HOST\s0\fR parameter
441: does not specify the port itself. If no \fB\s-1PORT\s0\fR parameter is used,
442: the default is port 389 for \s-1LDAP\s0 and port 636 for \s-1LDAP\s0 over \s-1TLS\s0
443: (\s-1SSL\s0). The \fB\s-1PORT\s0\fR parameter is deprecated in favor of the \fB\s-1URI\s0\fR
444: specification and is included for backwards compatibility.
445: .IP "\fB\s-1BIND_TIMELIMIT\s0\fR seconds" 4
446: .IX Item "BIND_TIMELIMIT seconds"
447: The \fB\s-1BIND_TIMELIMIT\s0\fR parameter specifies the amount of time, in seconds,
448: to wait while trying to connect to an \s-1LDAP\s0 server. If multiple \fB\s-1URI\s0\fRs or
449: \&\fB\s-1HOST\s0\fRs are specified, this is the amount of time to wait before trying
450: the next one in the list.
451: .IP "\fB\s-1NETWORK_TIMEOUT\s0\fR seconds" 4
452: .IX Item "NETWORK_TIMEOUT seconds"
453: An alias for \fB\s-1BIND_TIMELIMIT\s0\fR for OpenLDAP compatibility.
454: .IP "\fB\s-1TIMELIMIT\s0\fR seconds" 4
455: .IX Item "TIMELIMIT seconds"
456: The \fB\s-1TIMELIMIT\s0\fR parameter specifies the amount of time, in seconds,
457: to wait for a response to an \s-1LDAP\s0 query.
458: .IP "\fB\s-1TIMEOUT\s0\fR seconds" 4
459: .IX Item "TIMEOUT seconds"
460: The \fB\s-1TIMEOUT\s0\fR parameter specifies the amount of time, in seconds,
461: to wait for a response from the various \s-1LDAP\s0 APIs.
462: .IP "\fB\s-1SUDOERS_BASE\s0\fR base" 4
463: .IX Item "SUDOERS_BASE base"
464: The base \s-1DN\s0 to use when performing \fBsudo\fR \s-1LDAP\s0 queries. Typically
465: this is of the form \f(CW\*(C`ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com\*(C'\fR for the domain
466: \&\f(CW\*(C`example.com\*(C'\fR. Multiple \fB\s-1SUDOERS_BASE\s0\fR lines may be specified,
467: in which case they are queried in the order specified.
468: .IP "\fB\s-1SUDOERS_SEARCH_FILTER\s0\fR ldap_filter" 4
469: .IX Item "SUDOERS_SEARCH_FILTER ldap_filter"
470: An \s-1LDAP\s0 filter which is used to restrict the set of records returned
471: when performing a \fBsudo\fR \s-1LDAP\s0 query. Typically, this is of the
472: form \f(CW\*(C`attribute=value\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`(&(attribute=value)(attribute2=value2))\*(C'\fR.
473: .IP "\fB\s-1SUDOERS_TIMED\s0\fR on/true/yes/off/false/no" 4
474: .IX Item "SUDOERS_TIMED on/true/yes/off/false/no"
475: Whether or not to evaluate the \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotBefore\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sudoNotAfter\*(C'\fR
476: attributes that implement time-dependent sudoers entries.
477: .IP "\fB\s-1SUDOERS_DEBUG\s0\fR debug_level" 4
478: .IX Item "SUDOERS_DEBUG debug_level"
479: This sets the debug level for \fBsudo\fR \s-1LDAP\s0 queries. Debugging
480: information is printed to the standard error. A value of 1 results
481: in a moderate amount of debugging information. A value of 2 shows
482: the results of the matches themselves. This parameter should not
483: be set in a production environment as the extra information is
484: likely to confuse users.
485: .IP "\fB\s-1BINDDN\s0\fR \s-1DN\s0" 4
486: .IX Item "BINDDN DN"
487: The \fB\s-1BINDDN\s0\fR parameter specifies the identity, in the form of a
488: Distinguished Name (\s-1DN\s0), to use when performing \s-1LDAP\s0 operations.
489: If not specified, \s-1LDAP\s0 operations are performed with an anonymous
490: identity. By default, most \s-1LDAP\s0 servers will allow anonymous access.
491: .IP "\fB\s-1BINDPW\s0\fR secret" 4
492: .IX Item "BINDPW secret"
493: The \fB\s-1BINDPW\s0\fR parameter specifies the password to use when performing
494: \&\s-1LDAP\s0 operations. This is typically used in conjunction with the
495: \&\fB\s-1BINDDN\s0\fR parameter.
496: .IP "\fB\s-1ROOTBINDDN\s0\fR \s-1DN\s0" 4
497: .IX Item "ROOTBINDDN DN"
498: The \fB\s-1ROOTBINDDN\s0\fR parameter specifies the identity, in the form of
499: a Distinguished Name (\s-1DN\s0), to use when performing privileged \s-1LDAP\s0
500: operations, such as \fIsudoers\fR queries. The password corresponding
501: to the identity should be stored in \fI@ldap_secret@\fR.
502: If not specified, the \fB\s-1BINDDN\s0\fR identity is used (if any).
503: .IP "\fB\s-1LDAP_VERSION\s0\fR number" 4
504: .IX Item "LDAP_VERSION number"
505: The version of the \s-1LDAP\s0 protocol to use when connecting to the server.
506: The default value is protocol version 3.
507: .IP "\fB\s-1SSL\s0\fR on/true/yes/off/false/no" 4
508: .IX Item "SSL on/true/yes/off/false/no"
509: If the \fB\s-1SSL\s0\fR parameter is set to \f(CW\*(C`on\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR, \s-1TLS\s0
510: (\s-1SSL\s0) encryption is always used when communicating with the \s-1LDAP\s0
511: server. Typically, this involves connecting to the server on port
512: 636 (ldaps).
513: .IP "\fB\s-1SSL\s0\fR start_tls" 4
514: .IX Item "SSL start_tls"
515: If the \fB\s-1SSL\s0\fR parameter is set to \f(CW\*(C`start_tls\*(C'\fR, the \s-1LDAP\s0 server
516: connection is initiated normally and \s-1TLS\s0 encryption is begun before
517: the bind credentials are sent. This has the advantage of not
518: requiring a dedicated port for encrypted communications. This
519: parameter is only supported by \s-1LDAP\s0 servers that honor the \f(CW\*(C`start_tls\*(C'\fR
520: extension, such as the OpenLDAP server.
521: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CHECKPEER\s0\fR on/true/yes/off/false/no" 4
522: .IX Item "TLS_CHECKPEER on/true/yes/off/false/no"
523: If enabled, \fB\s-1TLS_CHECKPEER\s0\fR will cause the \s-1LDAP\s0 server's \s-1TLS\s0
524: certificated to be verified. If the server's \s-1TLS\s0 certificate cannot
525: be verified (usually because it is signed by an unknown certificate
526: authority), \fBsudo\fR will be unable to connect to it. If \fB\s-1TLS_CHECKPEER\s0\fR
527: is disabled, no check is made. Note that disabling the check creates
528: an opportunity for man-in-the-middle attacks since the server's
529: identity will not be authenticated. If possible, the \s-1CA\s0's certificate
530: should be installed locally so it can be verified.
531: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CACERT\s0\fR file name" 4
532: .IX Item "TLS_CACERT file name"
533: An alias for \fB\s-1TLS_CACERTFILE\s0\fR for OpenLDAP compatibility.
534: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CACERTFILE\s0\fR file name" 4
535: .IX Item "TLS_CACERTFILE file name"
536: The path to a certificate authority bundle which contains the certificates
537: for all the Certificate Authorities the client knows to be valid,
538: e.g. \fI/etc/ssl/ca\-bundle.pem\fR.
539: This option is only supported by the OpenLDAP libraries.
540: Netscape-derived \s-1LDAP\s0 libraries use the same certificate
541: database for \s-1CA\s0 and client certificates (see \fB\s-1TLS_CERT\s0\fR).
542: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CACERTDIR\s0\fR directory" 4
543: .IX Item "TLS_CACERTDIR directory"
544: Similar to \fB\s-1TLS_CACERTFILE\s0\fR but instead of a file, it is a
545: directory containing individual Certificate Authority certificates,
546: e.g. \fI/etc/ssl/certs\fR.
547: The directory specified by \fB\s-1TLS_CACERTDIR\s0\fR is checked after
548: \&\fB\s-1TLS_CACERTFILE\s0\fR.
549: This option is only supported by the OpenLDAP libraries.
550: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CERT\s0\fR file name" 4
551: .IX Item "TLS_CERT file name"
552: The path to a file containing the client certificate which can
553: be used to authenticate the client to the \s-1LDAP\s0 server.
554: The certificate type depends on the \s-1LDAP\s0 libraries used.
555: .Sp
556: OpenLDAP:
557: \f(CW\*(C`tls_cert /etc/ssl/client_cert.pem\*(C'\fR
558: .Sp
559: Netscape-derived:
560: \f(CW\*(C`tls_cert /var/ldap/cert7.db\*(C'\fR
561: .Sp
562: When using Netscape-derived libraries, this file may also contain
563: Certificate Authority certificates.
564: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_KEY\s0\fR file name" 4
565: .IX Item "TLS_KEY file name"
566: The path to a file containing the private key which matches the
567: certificate specified by \fB\s-1TLS_CERT\s0\fR. The private key must not be
568: password-protected. The key type depends on the \s-1LDAP\s0 libraries
569: used.
570: .Sp
571: OpenLDAP:
572: \f(CW\*(C`tls_key /etc/ssl/client_key.pem\*(C'\fR
573: .Sp
574: Netscape-derived:
575: \f(CW\*(C`tls_key /var/ldap/key3.db\*(C'\fR
576: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_RANDFILE\s0\fR file name" 4
577: .IX Item "TLS_RANDFILE file name"
578: The \fB\s-1TLS_RANDFILE\s0\fR parameter specifies the path to an entropy
579: source for systems that lack a random device. It is generally used
580: in conjunction with \fIprngd\fR or \fIegd\fR.
581: This option is only supported by the OpenLDAP libraries.
582: .IP "\fB\s-1TLS_CIPHERS\s0\fR cipher list" 4
583: .IX Item "TLS_CIPHERS cipher list"
584: The \fB\s-1TLS_CIPHERS\s0\fR parameter allows the administer to restrict
585: which encryption algorithms may be used for \s-1TLS\s0 (\s-1SSL\s0) connections.
586: See the OpenSSL manual for a list of valid ciphers.
587: This option is only supported by the OpenLDAP libraries.
588: .IP "\fB\s-1USE_SASL\s0\fR on/true/yes/off/false/no" 4
589: .IX Item "USE_SASL on/true/yes/off/false/no"
590: Enable \fB\s-1USE_SASL\s0\fR for \s-1LDAP\s0 servers that support \s-1SASL\s0 authentication.
591: .IP "\fB\s-1SASL_AUTH_ID\s0\fR identity" 4
592: .IX Item "SASL_AUTH_ID identity"
593: The \s-1SASL\s0 user name to use when connecting to the \s-1LDAP\s0 server.
594: By default, \fBsudo\fR will use an anonymous connection.
595: .IP "\fB\s-1ROOTUSE_SASL\s0\fR on/true/yes/off/false/no" 4
596: .IX Item "ROOTUSE_SASL on/true/yes/off/false/no"
597: Enable \fB\s-1ROOTUSE_SASL\s0\fR to enable \s-1SASL\s0 authentication when connecting
598: to an \s-1LDAP\s0 server from a privileged process, such as \fBsudo\fR.
599: .IP "\fB\s-1ROOTSASL_AUTH_ID\s0\fR identity" 4
600: .IX Item "ROOTSASL_AUTH_ID identity"
601: The \s-1SASL\s0 user name to use when \fB\s-1ROOTUSE_SASL\s0\fR is enabled.
602: .IP "\fB\s-1SASL_SECPROPS\s0\fR none/properties" 4
603: .IX Item "SASL_SECPROPS none/properties"
604: \&\s-1SASL\s0 security properties or \fInone\fR for no properties. See the
605: \&\s-1SASL\s0 programmer's manual for details.
606: .IP "\fB\s-1KRB5_CCNAME\s0\fR file name" 4
607: .IX Item "KRB5_CCNAME file name"
608: The path to the Kerberos 5 credential cache to use when authenticating
609: with the remote server.
610: .IP "\fB\s-1DEREF\s0\fR never/searching/finding/always" 4
611: .IX Item "DEREF never/searching/finding/always"
612: How alias dereferencing is to be performed when searching. See the
613: \&\fIldap.conf\fR\|(@mansectform@) manual for a full description of this option.
614: .PP
615: See the \f(CW\*(C`ldap.conf\*(C'\fR entry in the \s-1EXAMPLES\s0 section.
616: .SS "Configuring nsswitch.conf"
617: .IX Subsection "Configuring nsswitch.conf"
618: Unless it is disabled at build time, \fBsudo\fR consults the Name
619: Service Switch file, \fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR, to specify the \fIsudoers\fR
620: search order. Sudo looks for a line beginning with \f(CW\*(C`sudoers\*(C'\fR: and
621: uses this to determine the search order. Note that \fBsudo\fR does
622: not stop searching after the first match and later matches take
623: precedence over earlier ones.
624: .PP
625: The following sources are recognized:
626: .PP
627: .Vb 2
628: \& files read sudoers from F<@sysconfdir@/sudoers>
629: \& ldap read sudoers from LDAP
630: .Ve
631: .PP
632: In addition, the entry \f(CW\*(C`[NOTFOUND=return]\*(C'\fR will short-circuit the
633: search if the user was not found in the preceding source.
634: .PP
635: To consult \s-1LDAP\s0 first followed by the local sudoers file (if it
636: exists), use:
637: .PP
638: .Vb 1
639: \& sudoers: ldap files
640: .Ve
641: .PP
642: The local \fIsudoers\fR file can be ignored completely by using:
643: .PP
644: .Vb 1
645: \& sudoers: ldap
646: .Ve
647: .PP
648: If the \fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR file is not present or there is no
649: sudoers line, the following default is assumed:
650: .PP
651: .Vb 1
652: \& sudoers: files
653: .Ve
654: .PP
655: Note that \fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR is supported even when the underlying
656: operating system does not use an nsswitch.conf file.
657: .SS "Configuring netsvc.conf"
658: .IX Subsection "Configuring netsvc.conf"
659: On \s-1AIX\s0 systems, the \fI@netsvc_conf@\fR file is consulted instead of
660: \&\fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR. \fBsudo\fR simply treats \fInetsvc.conf\fR as a
661: variant of \fInsswitch.conf\fR; information in the previous section
662: unrelated to the file format itself still applies.
663: .PP
664: To consult \s-1LDAP\s0 first followed by the local sudoers file (if it
665: exists), use:
666: .PP
667: .Vb 1
668: \& sudoers = ldap, files
669: .Ve
670: .PP
671: The local \fIsudoers\fR file can be ignored completely by using:
672: .PP
673: .Vb 1
674: \& sudoers = ldap
675: .Ve
676: .PP
677: To treat \s-1LDAP\s0 as authoratative and only use the local sudoers file
678: if the user is not present in \s-1LDAP\s0, use:
679: .PP
680: .Vb 1
681: \& sudoers = ldap = auth, files
682: .Ve
683: .PP
684: Note that in the above example, the \f(CW\*(C`auth\*(C'\fR qualfier only affects
685: user lookups; both \s-1LDAP\s0 and \fIsudoers\fR will be queried for \f(CW\*(C`Defaults\*(C'\fR
686: entries.
687: .PP
688: If the \fI@netsvc_conf@\fR file is not present or there is no
689: sudoers line, the following default is assumed:
690: .PP
691: .Vb 1
692: \& sudoers = files
693: .Ve
694: .SH "FILES"
695: .IX Header "FILES"
696: .ie n .IP "\fI@ldap_conf@\fR" 24
697: .el .IP "\fI@ldap_conf@\fR" 24
698: .IX Item "@ldap_conf@"
699: \&\s-1LDAP\s0 configuration file
700: .ie n .IP "\fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR" 24
701: .el .IP "\fI@nsswitch_conf@\fR" 24
702: .IX Item "@nsswitch_conf@"
703: determines sudoers source order
704: .ie n .IP "\fI@netsvc_conf@\fR" 24
705: .el .IP "\fI@netsvc_conf@\fR" 24
706: .IX Item "@netsvc_conf@"
707: determines sudoers source order on \s-1AIX\s0
708: .SH "EXAMPLES"
709: .IX Header "EXAMPLES"
710: .SS "Example ldap.conf"
711: .IX Subsection "Example ldap.conf"
712: .Vb 10
713: \& # Either specify one or more URIs or one or more host:port pairs.
714: \& # If neither is specified sudo will default to localhost, port 389.
715: \& #
716: \& #host ldapserver
717: \& #host ldapserver1 ldapserver2:390
718: \& #
719: \& # Default port if host is specified without one, defaults to 389.
720: \& #port 389
721: \& #
722: \& # URI will override the host and port settings.
723: \& uri ldap://ldapserver
724: \& #uri ldaps://secureldapserver
725: \& #uri ldaps://secureldapserver ldap://ldapserver
726: \& #
727: \& # The amount of time, in seconds, to wait while trying to connect to
728: \& # an LDAP server.
729: \& bind_timelimit 30
730: \& #
731: \& # The amount of time, in seconds, to wait while performing an LDAP query.
732: \& timelimit 30
733: \& #
734: \& # Must be set or sudo will ignore LDAP; may be specified multiple times.
735: \& sudoers_base ou=SUDOers,dc=example,dc=com
736: \& #
737: \& # verbose sudoers matching from ldap
738: \& #sudoers_debug 2
739: \& #
740: \& # Enable support for time\-based entries in sudoers.
741: \& #sudoers_timed yes
742: \& #
743: \& # optional proxy credentials
744: \& #binddn <who to search as>
745: \& #bindpw <password>
746: \& #rootbinddn <who to search as, uses /etc/ldap.secret for bindpw>
747: \& #
748: \& # LDAP protocol version, defaults to 3
749: \& #ldap_version 3
750: \& #
751: \& # Define if you want to use an encrypted LDAP connection.
752: \& # Typically, you must also set the port to 636 (ldaps).
753: \& #ssl on
754: \& #
755: \& # Define if you want to use port 389 and switch to
756: \& # encryption before the bind credentials are sent.
757: \& # Only supported by LDAP servers that support the start_tls
758: \& # extension such as OpenLDAP.
759: \& #ssl start_tls
760: \& #
761: \& # Additional TLS options follow that allow tweaking of the
762: \& # SSL/TLS connection.
763: \& #
764: \& #tls_checkpeer yes # verify server SSL certificate
765: \& #tls_checkpeer no # ignore server SSL certificate
766: \& #
767: \& # If you enable tls_checkpeer, specify either tls_cacertfile
768: \& # or tls_cacertdir. Only supported when using OpenLDAP.
769: \& #
770: \& #tls_cacertfile /etc/certs/trusted_signers.pem
771: \& #tls_cacertdir /etc/certs
772: \& #
773: \& # For systems that don\*(Aqt have /dev/random
774: \& # use this along with PRNGD or EGD.pl to seed the
775: \& # random number pool to generate cryptographic session keys.
776: \& # Only supported when using OpenLDAP.
777: \& #
778: \& #tls_randfile /etc/egd\-pool
779: \& #
780: \& # You may restrict which ciphers are used. Consult your SSL
781: \& # documentation for which options go here.
782: \& # Only supported when using OpenLDAP.
783: \& #
784: \& #tls_ciphers <cipher\-list>
785: \& #
786: \& # Sudo can provide a client certificate when communicating to
787: \& # the LDAP server.
788: \& # Tips:
789: \& # * Enable both lines at the same time.
790: \& # * Do not password protect the key file.
791: \& # * Ensure the keyfile is only readable by root.
792: \& #
793: \& # For OpenLDAP:
794: \& #tls_cert /etc/certs/client_cert.pem
795: \& #tls_key /etc/certs/client_key.pem
796: \& #
797: \& # For SunONE or iPlanet LDAP, tls_cert and tls_key may specify either
798: \& # a directory, in which case the files in the directory must have the
799: \& # default names (e.g. cert8.db and key4.db), or the path to the cert
800: \& # and key files themselves. However, a bug in version 5.0 of the LDAP
801: \& # SDK will prevent specific file names from working. For this reason
802: \& # it is suggested that tls_cert and tls_key be set to a directory,
803: \& # not a file name.
804: \& #
805: \& # The certificate database specified by tls_cert may contain CA certs
806: \& # and/or the client\*(Aqs cert. If the client\*(Aqs cert is included, tls_key
807: \& # should be specified as well.
808: \& # For backward compatibility, "sslpath" may be used in place of tls_cert.
809: \& #tls_cert /var/ldap
810: \& #tls_key /var/ldap
811: \& #
812: \& # If using SASL authentication for LDAP (OpenSSL)
813: \& # use_sasl yes
814: \& # sasl_auth_id <SASL user name>
815: \& # rootuse_sasl yes
816: \& # rootsasl_auth_id <SASL user name for root access>
817: \& # sasl_secprops none
818: \& # krb5_ccname /etc/.ldapcache
819: .Ve
820: .SS "Sudo schema for OpenLDAP"
821: .IX Subsection "Sudo schema for OpenLDAP"
822: The following schema, in OpenLDAP format, is included with \fBsudo\fR
823: source and binary distributions as \fIschema.OpenLDAP\fR. Simply copy
824: it to the schema directory (e.g. \fI/etc/openldap/schema\fR), add the
825: proper \f(CW\*(C`include\*(C'\fR line in \f(CW\*(C`slapd.conf\*(C'\fR and restart \fBslapd\fR.
826: .PP
827: .Vb 6
828: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.1
829: \& NAME \*(AqsudoUser\*(Aq
830: \& DESC \*(AqUser(s) who may run sudo\*(Aq
831: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
832: \& SUBSTR caseExactIA5SubstringsMatch
833: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
834: \&
835: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.2
836: \& NAME \*(AqsudoHost\*(Aq
837: \& DESC \*(AqHost(s) who may run sudo\*(Aq
838: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
839: \& SUBSTR caseExactIA5SubstringsMatch
840: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
841: \&
842: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.3
843: \& NAME \*(AqsudoCommand\*(Aq
844: \& DESC \*(AqCommand(s) to be executed by sudo\*(Aq
845: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
846: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
847: \&
848: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.4
849: \& NAME \*(AqsudoRunAs\*(Aq
850: \& DESC \*(AqUser(s) impersonated by sudo\*(Aq
851: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
852: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
853: \&
854: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.5
855: \& NAME \*(AqsudoOption\*(Aq
856: \& DESC \*(AqOptions(s) followed by sudo\*(Aq
857: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
858: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
859: \&
860: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.6
861: \& NAME \*(AqsudoRunAsUser\*(Aq
862: \& DESC \*(AqUser(s) impersonated by sudo\*(Aq
863: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
864: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
865: \&
866: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.7
867: \& NAME \*(AqsudoRunAsGroup\*(Aq
868: \& DESC \*(AqGroup(s) impersonated by sudo\*(Aq
869: \& EQUALITY caseExactIA5Match
870: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.26 )
871: \&
872: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.8
873: \& NAME \*(AqsudoNotBefore\*(Aq
874: \& DESC \*(AqStart of time interval for which the entry is valid\*(Aq
875: \& EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
876: \& ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
877: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24 )
878: \&
879: \& attributetype ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.9
880: \& NAME \*(AqsudoNotAfter\*(Aq
881: \& DESC \*(AqEnd of time interval for which the entry is valid\*(Aq
882: \& EQUALITY generalizedTimeMatch
883: \& ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
884: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.24 )
885: \&
886: \& attributeTypes ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.1.10
887: \& NAME \*(AqsudoOrder\*(Aq
888: \& DESC \*(Aqan integer to order the sudoRole entries\*(Aq
889: \& EQUALITY integerMatch
890: \& ORDERING integerOrderingMatch
891: \& SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 )
892: \&
893: \& objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.15953.9.2.1 NAME \*(AqsudoRole\*(Aq SUP top STRUCTURAL
894: \& DESC \*(AqSudoer Entries\*(Aq
895: \& MUST ( cn )
896: \& MAY ( sudoUser $ sudoHost $ sudoCommand $ sudoRunAs $ sudoRunAsUser $
897: \& sudoRunAsGroup $ sudoOption $ sudoNotBefore $ sudoNotAfter $
898: \& sudoOrder $ description )
899: \& )
900: .Ve
901: .SH "SEE ALSO"
902: .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
903: \&\fIldap.conf\fR\|(@mansectform@), \fIsudoers\fR\|(@mansectform@)
904: .SH "CAVEATS"
905: .IX Header "CAVEATS"
906: Note that there are differences in the way that LDAP-based \fIsudoers\fR
907: is parsed compared to file-based \fIsudoers\fR. See the \*(L"Differences
908: between \s-1LDAP\s0 and non-LDAP sudoers\*(R" section for more information.
909: .SH "BUGS"
910: .IX Header "BUGS"
911: If you feel you have found a bug in \fBsudo\fR, please submit a bug report
912: at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
913: .SH "SUPPORT"
914: .IX Header "SUPPORT"
915: Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list,
916: see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo\-users to subscribe or
917: search the archives.
918: .SH "DISCLAIMER"
919: .IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
920: \&\fBsudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties,
921: including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
922: and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the \s-1LICENSE\s0
923: file distributed with \fBsudo\fR or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html
924: for complete details.
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