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.\" Copyright (c) 1996,1998-2005, 2007-2011 | .\" DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS NOT THE MASTER! |
.\" Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com> | .\" IT IS GENERATED AUTOMATICALLY FROM visudo.mdoc.in |
.\" | .\" |
| .\" Copyright (c) 1996,1998-2005, 2007-2013 |
| .\" Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com> |
| .\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. |
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. |
.\" | .\" |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES |
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR |
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR |
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.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. |
.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. |
.\" | .\" |
.\" Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects |
.\" Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects |
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force |
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force |
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512. |
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512. |
.\" |
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.\" Standard preamble: | .TH "VISUDO" "@mansectsu@" "August 14, 2013" "Sudo @PACKAGE_VERSION@" "System Manager's Manual" |
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.\" ======================================================================== | |
.\" | |
.IX Title "VISUDO @mansectsu@" | |
.TH VISUDO @mansectsu@ "September 16, 2011" "1.8.3" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS" | |
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes | |
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. | |
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.nh |
.nh |
|
.if n .ad l |
.SH "NAME" |
.SH "NAME" |
visudo \- edit the sudoers file | \fBvisudo\fR |
| \- edit the sudoers file |
.SH "SYNOPSIS" |
.SH "SYNOPSIS" |
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" | .HP 7n |
\&\fBvisudo\fR [\fB\-chqsV\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR] | \fBvisudo\fR |
| [\fB\-chqsV\fR] |
| [\fB\-f\fR\ \fIsudoers\fR] |
.SH "DESCRIPTION" |
.SH "DESCRIPTION" |
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" | \fBvisudo\fR |
\&\fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to | edits the |
\&\fIvipw\fR\|(@mansectsu@). \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple | \fIsudoers\fR |
simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks | file in a safe fashion, analogous to |
for parse errors. If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being | vipw(@mansectsu@). |
edited you will receive a message to try again later. | \fBvisudo\fR |
| locks the |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file against multiple simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, |
| and checks for parse errors. |
| If the |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file is currently being edited you will receive a message to try again later. |
.PP |
.PP |
There is a hard-coded list of one or more editors that \fBvisudo\fR will | There is a hard-coded list of one or more editors that |
use set at compile-time that may be overridden via the \fIeditor\fR \fIsudoers\fR | \fBvisudo\fR |
\&\f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable. This list defaults to \f(CW"@editor@"\fR. Normally, | will use set at compile-time that may be overridden via the |
\&\fBvisudo\fR does not honor the \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR environment | \fIeditor\fR |
variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned editors | \fIsudoers\fR |
list. However, if \fBvisudo\fR is configured with the \fI\-\-with\-env\-editor\fR | \fRDefault\fR |
option or the \fIenv_editor\fR \f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable is set in \fIsudoers\fR, | variable. |
\&\fBvisudo\fR will use any the editor defines by \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR. | This list defaults to |
| \fR@editor@\fR. |
| Normally, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| does not honor the |
| \fRVISUAL\fR |
| or |
| \fREDITOR\fR |
| environment variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned |
| editors list. |
| However, if |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| is configured with the |
| \fR--with-env-editor\fR |
| option or the |
| \fIenv_editor\fR |
| \fRDefault\fR |
| variable is set in |
| \fIsudoers\fR, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will use any the editor defines by |
| \fRVISUAL\fR |
| or |
| \fREDITOR\fR. |
Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to |
Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to |
execute any program they wish simply by setting \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR. | execute any program they wish simply by setting |
| \fRVISUAL\fR |
| or |
| \fREDITOR\fR. |
.PP |
.PP |
\&\fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will | \fBvisudo\fR |
not save the changes if there is a syntax error. Upon finding | parses the |
an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line number(s) | \fIsudoers\fR |
| file after the edit and will |
| not save the changes if there is a syntax error. |
| Upon finding an error, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will print a message stating the line number(s) |
where the error occurred and the user will receive the |
where the error occurred and the user will receive the |
\&\*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt. At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R" | ``What now?'' |
to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without | prompt. |
saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes. The | At this point the user may enter |
\&\*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR | `e' |
believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one | to re-edit the |
will be able to \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed. | \fIsudoers\fR |
If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error | file, |
has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the | `x' |
error occurred (if the editor supports this feature). | to exit without saving the changes, or |
.SH "OPTIONS" | `Q' |
.IX Header "OPTIONS" | to quit and save changes. |
\&\fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options: | The |
.IP "\-c" 12 | `Q' |
.IX Item "-c" | option should be used with extreme care because if |
Enable \fBcheck-only\fR mode. The existing \fIsudoers\fR file will be | \fBvisudo\fR |
checked for syntax and a message will be printed to the | believes there to be a parse error, so will |
standard output detailing the status of \fIsudoers\fR. | \fBsudo\fR |
If the syntax check completes successfully, \fBvisudo\fR will | and no one |
exit with a value of 0. If a syntax error is encountered, | will be able to |
\&\fBvisudo\fR will exit with a value of 1. | \fBsudo\fR |
.IP "\-f \fIsudoers\fR" 12 | again until the error is fixed. |
.IX Item "-f sudoers" | If |
Specify and alternate \fIsudoers\fR file location. With this option | `e' |
\&\fBvisudo\fR will edit (or check) the \fIsudoers\fR file of your choice, | is typed to edit the |
instead of the default, \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR. The lock file used | \fIsudoers\fR |
is the specified \fIsudoers\fR file with \*(L".tmp\*(R" appended to it. | file after a parse error has been detected, the cursor will be placed on |
In \fBcheck-only\fR mode only, the argument to \fB\-f\fR may be \*(L"\-\*(R", | the line where the error occurred (if the editor supports this feature). |
indicating that \fIsudoers\fR will be read from the standard input. | .PP |
.IP "\-h" 12 | The options are as follows: |
.IX Item "-h" | .TP 12n |
The \fB\-h\fR (\fIhelp\fR) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print a short help message | \fB\-c\fR, \fB\--check\fR |
to the standard output and exit. | Enable |
.IP "\-q" 12 | \fIcheck-only\fR |
.IX Item "-q" | mode. |
Enable \fBquiet\fR mode. In this mode details about syntax errors | The existing |
are not printed. This option is only useful when combined with | \fIsudoers\fR |
the \fB\-c\fR option. | file will be |
.IP "\-s" 12 | checked for syntax errors, owner and mode. |
.IX Item "-s" | A message will be printed to the standard output describing the status of |
Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file. If an alias is | \fIsudoers\fR |
used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse | unless the |
error. Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an | \fB\-q\fR |
| option was specified. |
| If the check completes successfully, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will exit with a value of 0. |
| If an error is encountered, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will exit with a value of 1. |
| .TP 12n |
| \fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR, \fB\--file\fR=\fIsudoers\fR |
| Specify an alternate |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file location. |
| With this option, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will edit (or check) the |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file of your choice, |
| instead of the default, |
| \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR. |
| The lock file used is the specified |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file with |
| ``\.tmp'' |
| appended to it. |
| In |
| \fIcheck-only\fR |
| mode only, the argument to |
| \fB\-f\fR |
| may be |
| `-', |
| indicating that |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| will be read from the standard input. |
| .TP 12n |
| \fB\-h\fR, \fB\--help\fR |
| Display a short help message to the standard output and exit. |
| .TP 12n |
| \fB\-q\fR, \fB\--quiet\fR |
| Enable |
| \fIquiet\fR |
| mode. |
| In this mode details about syntax errors are not printed. |
| This option is only useful when combined with |
| the |
| \fB\-c\fR |
| option. |
| .TP 12n |
| \fB\-s\fR, \fB\--strict\fR |
| Enable |
| \fIstrict\fR |
| checking of the |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file. |
| If an alias is used before it is defined, |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| will consider this a parse error. |
| Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an |
alias and a host name or user name that consists solely of uppercase |
alias and a host name or user name that consists solely of uppercase |
letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character. | letters, digits, and the underscore |
.IP "\-V" 12 | (`_') |
.IX Item "-V" | character. |
The \fB\-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number | .TP 12n |
and exit. | \fB\-V\fR, \fB\--version\fR |
| Print the |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| and |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| grammar versions and exit. |
.SH "ENVIRONMENT" |
.SH "ENVIRONMENT" |
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT" |
|
The following environment variables may be consulted depending on |
The following environment variables may be consulted depending on |
the value of the \fIeditor\fR and \fIenv_editor\fR \fIsudoers\fR variables: | the value of the |
.ie n .IP "\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'" 16 | \fIeditor\fR |
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR" 16 | and |
.IX Item "VISUAL" | \fIenv_editor\fR |
Invoked by visudo as the editor to use | \fIsudoers\fR |
.ie n .IP "\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'" 16 | settings: |
.el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR" 16 | .TP 17n |
.IX Item "EDITOR" | \fRVISUAL\fR |
Used by visudo if \s-1VISUAL\s0 is not set | Invoked by |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| as the editor to use |
| .TP 17n |
| \fREDITOR\fR |
| Used by |
| \fBvisudo\fR |
| if |
| \fRVISUAL\fR |
| is not set |
.SH "FILES" |
.SH "FILES" |
.IX Header "FILES" | .TP 26n |
.ie n .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR" 24 | \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR |
.el .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR" 24 | |
.IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers" | |
List of who can run what |
List of who can run what |
.ie n .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR" 24 | .TP 26n |
.el .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR" 24 | \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR |
.IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp" | |
Lock file for visudo |
Lock file for visudo |
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" |
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" |
.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" | .TP 6n |
.IP "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4 | \fRsudoers file busy, try again later.\fR |
.IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later." | Someone else is currently editing the |
Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file. | \fIsudoers\fR |
.ie n .IP "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4 | file. |
.el .IP "\f(CW@sysconfdir\fR@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4 | .TP 6n |
.IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" | \fR@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied\fR |
You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root. | You didn't run |
.IP "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4 | \fBvisudo\fR |
.IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database" | as root. |
Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file. | .TP 6n |
.IP "Warning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined" 4 | \fRCan't find you in the passwd database\fR |
.IX Item "Warning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined" | Your user ID does not appear in the system passwd file. |
Either you are trying to use an undeclare {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias | .TP 6n |
| \fRWarning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined\fR |
| Either you are trying to use an undeclared {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias |
or you have a user or host name listed that consists solely of |
or you have a user or host name listed that consists solely of |
uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character. In | uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore |
the latter case, you can ignore the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not | (`_') |
complain). In \fB\-s\fR (strict) mode these are errors, not warnings. | character. |
.IP "Warning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" 4 | In the latter case, you can ignore the warnings |
.IX Item "Warning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" | (\fBsudo\fR |
| will not complain) |
| \&. |
| In |
| \fB\-s\fR |
| (strict) mode these are errors, not warnings. |
| .TP 6n |
| \fRWarning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias\fR |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias was defined but never |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias was defined but never |
used. You may wish to comment out or remove the unused alias. In | used. |
\&\fB\-s\fR (strict) mode this is an error, not a warning. | You may wish to comment out or remove the unused alias. |
.IP "Warning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" 4 | In |
.IX Item "Warning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" | \fB\-s\fR |
| (strict) mode this is an error, not a warning. |
| .TP 6n |
| \fRWarning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias\fR |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias includes a reference to |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias includes a reference to |
itself, either directly or through an alias it includes. This is | itself, either directly or through an alias it includes. |
only a warning by default as \fBsudo\fR will ignore cycles when parsing | This is only a warning by default as |
the \fIsudoers\fR file. | \fBsudo\fR |
| will ignore cycles when parsing |
| the |
| \fIsudoers\fR |
| file. |
.SH "SEE ALSO" |
.SH "SEE ALSO" |
.IX Header "SEE ALSO" | vi(1), |
\&\fIvi\fR\|(1), \fIsudoers\fR\|(@mansectform@), \fIsudo\fR\|(@mansectsu@), \fIvipw\fR\|(@mansectsu@) | sudoers(@mansectform@), |
.SH "AUTHOR" | sudo(@mansectsu@), |
.IX Header "AUTHOR" | vipw(@mansectsu@) |
Many people have worked on \fIsudo\fR over the years; this version of | .SH "AUTHORS" |
\&\fBvisudo\fR was written by: | Many people have worked on |
| \fBsudo\fR |
| over the years; this version consists of code written primarily by: |
| .sp |
| .RS 6n |
| Todd C. Miller |
| .RE |
.PP |
.PP |
.Vb 1 | See the CONTRIBUTORS file in the |
\& Todd Miller | \fBsudo\fR |
.Ve | distribution (http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/contributors.html) for an |
.PP | exhaustive list of people who have contributed to |
See the \s-1HISTORY\s0 file in the sudo distribution or visit | \fBsudo\fR. |
http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html for more details. | |
.SH "CAVEATS" |
.SH "CAVEATS" |
.IX Header "CAVEATS" | There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if |
There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if | the editor used by |
the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes. | \fBvisudo\fR |
| allows shell escapes. |
.SH "BUGS" |
.SH "BUGS" |
.IX Header "BUGS" | If you feel you have found a bug in |
If you feel you have found a bug in \fBvisudo\fR, please submit a bug report | \fBvisudo\fR, |
at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/ | please submit a bug report at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/ |
.SH "SUPPORT" |
.SH "SUPPORT" |
.IX Header "SUPPORT" |
|
Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, |
Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, |
see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo\-users to subscribe or | see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to subscribe or |
search the archives. |
search the archives. |
.SH "DISCLAIMER" |
.SH "DISCLAIMER" |
.IX Header "DISCLAIMER" | \fBvisudo\fR |
\&\fBvisudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties, | is provided |
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability | ``AS IS'' |
and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the \s-1LICENSE\s0 | and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited |
file distributed with \fBsudo\fR or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html | to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a |
for complete details. | particular purpose are disclaimed. |
| See the LICENSE file distributed with |
| \fBsudo\fR |
| or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html for complete details. |