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| .\" Copyright (c) 1996,1998-2005, 2007-2012 | .\" DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS NOT THE MASTER! |
| .\" Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com> | .\" IT IS GENERATED AUTOMATICALLY FROM visudo.mdoc.in |
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| | .\" Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com> |
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| .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14) |
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| .\" Standard preamble: | .TH "VISUDO" "@mansectsu@" "August 14, 2013" "Sudo @PACKAGE_VERSION@" "System Manager's Manual" |
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| .\" ======================================================================== | |
| .\" | |
| .IX Title "VISUDO @mansectsu@" | |
| .TH VISUDO @mansectsu@ "March 14, 2012" "1.8.5" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS" | |
| .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes | |
| .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. | |
| .if n .ad l | |
| .nh |
.nh |
| |
.if n .ad l |
| .SH "NAME" |
.SH "NAME" |
| visudo \- edit the sudoers file | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | \- edit the sudoers file |
| .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
.SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" | .HP 7n |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR [\fB\-chqsV\fR] [\fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR] | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | [\fB\-chqsV\fR] |
| | [\fB\-f\fR\ \fIsudoers\fR] |
| .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
.SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" | \fBvisudo\fR |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR edits the \fIsudoers\fR file in a safe fashion, analogous to | edits the |
| \&\fIvipw\fR\|(@mansectsu@). \fBvisudo\fR locks the \fIsudoers\fR file against multiple | \fIsudoers\fR |
| simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and checks | file in a safe fashion, analogous to |
| for parse errors. If the \fIsudoers\fR file is currently being | vipw(@mansectsu@). |
| edited you will receive a message to try again later. | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | locks the |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file against multiple simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, |
| | and checks for parse errors. |
| | If the |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file is currently being edited you will receive a message to try again later. |
| .PP |
.PP |
| There is a hard-coded list of one or more editors that \fBvisudo\fR will | There is a hard-coded list of one or more editors that |
| use set at compile-time that may be overridden via the \fIeditor\fR \fIsudoers\fR | \fBvisudo\fR |
| \&\f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable. This list defaults to \f(CW"@editor@"\fR. Normally, | will use set at compile-time that may be overridden via the |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR does not honor the \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR environment | \fIeditor\fR |
| variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned editors | \fIsudoers\fR |
| list. However, if \fBvisudo\fR is configured with the \fI\-\-with\-env\-editor\fR | \fRDefault\fR |
| option or the \fIenv_editor\fR \f(CW\*(C`Default\*(C'\fR variable is set in \fIsudoers\fR, | variable. |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR will use any the editor defines by \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR. | This list defaults to |
| | \fR@editor@\fR. |
| | Normally, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | does not honor the |
| | \fRVISUAL\fR |
| | or |
| | \fREDITOR\fR |
| | environment variables unless they contain an editor in the aforementioned |
| | editors list. |
| | However, if |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | is configured with the |
| | \fR--with-env-editor\fR |
| | option or the |
| | \fIenv_editor\fR |
| | \fRDefault\fR |
| | variable is set in |
| | \fIsudoers\fR, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will use any the editor defines by |
| | \fRVISUAL\fR |
| | or |
| | \fREDITOR\fR. |
| Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to |
Note that this can be a security hole since it allows the user to |
| execute any program they wish simply by setting \f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR. | execute any program they wish simply by setting |
| | \fRVISUAL\fR |
| | or |
| | \fREDITOR\fR. |
| .PP |
.PP |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR parses the \fIsudoers\fR file after the edit and will | \fBvisudo\fR |
| not save the changes if there is a syntax error. Upon finding | parses the |
| an error, \fBvisudo\fR will print a message stating the line number(s) | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file after the edit and will |
| | not save the changes if there is a syntax error. |
| | Upon finding an error, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will print a message stating the line number(s) |
| where the error occurred and the user will receive the |
where the error occurred and the user will receive the |
| \&\*(L"What now?\*(R" prompt. At this point the user may enter \*(L"e\*(R" | ``What now?'' |
| to re-edit the \fIsudoers\fR file, \*(L"x\*(R" to exit without | prompt. |
| saving the changes, or \*(L"Q\*(R" to quit and save changes. The | At this point the user may enter |
| \&\*(L"Q\*(R" option should be used with extreme care because if \fBvisudo\fR | `e' |
| believes there to be a parse error, so will \fBsudo\fR and no one | to re-edit the |
| will be able to \fBsudo\fR again until the error is fixed. | \fIsudoers\fR |
| If \*(L"e\*(R" is typed to edit the \fIsudoers\fR file after a parse error | file, |
| has been detected, the cursor will be placed on the line where the | `x' |
| error occurred (if the editor supports this feature). | to exit without saving the changes, or |
| .SH "OPTIONS" | `Q' |
| .IX Header "OPTIONS" | to quit and save changes. |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR accepts the following command line options: | The |
| .IP "\-c" 12 | `Q' |
| .IX Item "-c" | option should be used with extreme care because if |
| Enable \fBcheck-only\fR mode. The existing \fIsudoers\fR file will be | \fBvisudo\fR |
| checked for syntax errors, owner and mode. A message will be printed | believes there to be a parse error, so will |
| to the standard output describing the status of \fIsudoers\fR unless | \fBsudo\fR |
| the \fB\-q\fR option was specified. If the check completes successfully, | and no one |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR will exit with a value of 0. If an error is encountered, | will be able to |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR will exit with a value of 1. | \fBsudo\fR |
| .IP "\-f \fIsudoers\fR" 12 | again until the error is fixed. |
| .IX Item "-f sudoers" | If |
| Specify and alternate \fIsudoers\fR file location. With this option | `e' |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR will edit (or check) the \fIsudoers\fR file of your choice, | is typed to edit the |
| instead of the default, \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR. The lock file used | \fIsudoers\fR |
| is the specified \fIsudoers\fR file with \*(L".tmp\*(R" appended to it. | file after a parse error has been detected, the cursor will be placed on |
| In \fBcheck-only\fR mode only, the argument to \fB\-f\fR may be \*(L"\-\*(R", | the line where the error occurred (if the editor supports this feature). |
| indicating that \fIsudoers\fR will be read from the standard input. | .PP |
| .IP "\-h" 12 | The options are as follows: |
| .IX Item "-h" | .TP 12n |
| The \fB\-h\fR (\fIhelp\fR) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print a short help message | \fB\-c\fR, \fB\--check\fR |
| to the standard output and exit. | Enable |
| .IP "\-q" 12 | \fIcheck-only\fR |
| .IX Item "-q" | mode. |
| Enable \fBquiet\fR mode. In this mode details about syntax errors | The existing |
| are not printed. This option is only useful when combined with | \fIsudoers\fR |
| the \fB\-c\fR option. | file will be |
| .IP "\-s" 12 | checked for syntax errors, owner and mode. |
| .IX Item "-s" | A message will be printed to the standard output describing the status of |
| Enable \fBstrict\fR checking of the \fIsudoers\fR file. If an alias is | \fIsudoers\fR |
| used before it is defined, \fBvisudo\fR will consider this a parse | unless the |
| error. Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an | \fB\-q\fR |
| | option was specified. |
| | If the check completes successfully, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will exit with a value of 0. |
| | If an error is encountered, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will exit with a value of 1. |
| | .TP 12n |
| | \fB\-f\fR \fIsudoers\fR, \fB\--file\fR=\fIsudoers\fR |
| | Specify an alternate |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file location. |
| | With this option, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will edit (or check) the |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file of your choice, |
| | instead of the default, |
| | \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR. |
| | The lock file used is the specified |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file with |
| | ``\.tmp'' |
| | appended to it. |
| | In |
| | \fIcheck-only\fR |
| | mode only, the argument to |
| | \fB\-f\fR |
| | may be |
| | `-', |
| | indicating that |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | will be read from the standard input. |
| | .TP 12n |
| | \fB\-h\fR, \fB\--help\fR |
| | Display a short help message to the standard output and exit. |
| | .TP 12n |
| | \fB\-q\fR, \fB\--quiet\fR |
| | Enable |
| | \fIquiet\fR |
| | mode. |
| | In this mode details about syntax errors are not printed. |
| | This option is only useful when combined with |
| | the |
| | \fB\-c\fR |
| | option. |
| | .TP 12n |
| | \fB\-s\fR, \fB\--strict\fR |
| | Enable |
| | \fIstrict\fR |
| | checking of the |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file. |
| | If an alias is used before it is defined, |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | will consider this a parse error. |
| | Note that it is not possible to differentiate between an |
| alias and a host name or user name that consists solely of uppercase |
alias and a host name or user name that consists solely of uppercase |
| letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character. | letters, digits, and the underscore |
| .IP "\-V" 12 | (`_') |
| .IX Item "-V" | character. |
| The \fB\-V\fR (version) option causes \fBvisudo\fR to print its version number | .TP 12n |
| and exit. | \fB\-V\fR, \fB\--version\fR |
| | Print the |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | and |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | grammar versions and exit. |
| .SH "ENVIRONMENT" |
.SH "ENVIRONMENT" |
| .IX Header "ENVIRONMENT" |
|
| The following environment variables may be consulted depending on |
The following environment variables may be consulted depending on |
| the value of the \fIeditor\fR and \fIenv_editor\fR \fIsudoers\fR variables: | the value of the |
| .ie n .IP "\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'" 16 | \fIeditor\fR |
| .el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`VISUAL\*(C'\fR" 16 | and |
| .IX Item "VISUAL" | \fIenv_editor\fR |
| Invoked by visudo as the editor to use | \fIsudoers\fR |
| .ie n .IP "\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'" 16 | settings: |
| .el .IP "\f(CW\*(C`EDITOR\*(C'\fR" 16 | .TP 17n |
| .IX Item "EDITOR" | \fRVISUAL\fR |
| Used by visudo if \s-1VISUAL\s0 is not set | Invoked by |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | as the editor to use |
| | .TP 17n |
| | \fREDITOR\fR |
| | Used by |
| | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | if |
| | \fRVISUAL\fR |
| | is not set |
| .SH "FILES" |
.SH "FILES" |
| .IX Header "FILES" | .TP 26n |
| .ie n .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR" 24 | \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR |
| .el .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers\fR" 24 | |
| .IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers" | |
| List of who can run what |
List of who can run what |
| .ie n .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR" 24 | .TP 26n |
| .el .IP "\fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR" 24 | \fI@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp\fR |
| .IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp" | |
| Lock file for visudo |
Lock file for visudo |
| .SH "DIAGNOSTICS" |
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS" |
| .IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" | .TP 6n |
| .IP "sudoers file busy, try again later." 4 | \fRsudoers file busy, try again later.\fR |
| .IX Item "sudoers file busy, try again later." | Someone else is currently editing the |
| Someone else is currently editing the \fIsudoers\fR file. | \fIsudoers\fR |
| .ie n .IP "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4 | file. |
| .el .IP "\f(CW@sysconfdir\fR@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" 4 | .TP 6n |
| .IX Item "@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied" | \fR@sysconfdir@/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied\fR |
| You didn't run \fBvisudo\fR as root. | You didn't run |
| .IP "Can't find you in the passwd database" 4 | \fBvisudo\fR |
| .IX Item "Can't find you in the passwd database" | as root. |
| Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file. | .TP 6n |
| .IP "Warning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined" 4 | \fRCan't find you in the passwd database\fR |
| .IX Item "Warning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined" | Your user ID does not appear in the system passwd file. |
| Either you are trying to use an undeclare {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias | .TP 6n |
| | \fRWarning: {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias referenced but not defined\fR |
| | Either you are trying to use an undeclared {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias |
| or you have a user or host name listed that consists solely of |
or you have a user or host name listed that consists solely of |
| uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore ('_') character. In | uppercase letters, digits, and the underscore |
| the latter case, you can ignore the warnings (\fBsudo\fR will not | (`_') |
| complain). In \fB\-s\fR (strict) mode these are errors, not warnings. | character. |
| .IP "Warning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" 4 | In the latter case, you can ignore the warnings |
| .IX Item "Warning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" | (\fBsudo\fR |
| | will not complain) |
| | \&. |
| | In |
| | \fB\-s\fR |
| | (strict) mode these are errors, not warnings. |
| | .TP 6n |
| | \fRWarning: unused {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias\fR |
| The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias was defined but never |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias was defined but never |
| used. You may wish to comment out or remove the unused alias. In | used. |
| \&\fB\-s\fR (strict) mode this is an error, not a warning. | You may wish to comment out or remove the unused alias. |
| .IP "Warning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" 4 | In |
| .IX Item "Warning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias" | \fB\-s\fR |
| | (strict) mode this is an error, not a warning. |
| | .TP 6n |
| | \fRWarning: cycle in {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias\fR |
| The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias includes a reference to |
The specified {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias includes a reference to |
| itself, either directly or through an alias it includes. This is | itself, either directly or through an alias it includes. |
| only a warning by default as \fBsudo\fR will ignore cycles when parsing | This is only a warning by default as |
| the \fIsudoers\fR file. | \fBsudo\fR |
| | will ignore cycles when parsing |
| | the |
| | \fIsudoers\fR |
| | file. |
| .SH "SEE ALSO" |
.SH "SEE ALSO" |
| .IX Header "SEE ALSO" | vi(1), |
| \&\fIvi\fR\|(1), \fIsudoers\fR\|(@mansectform@), \fIsudo\fR\|(@mansectsu@), \fIvipw\fR\|(@mansectsu@) | sudoers(@mansectform@), |
| .SH "AUTHOR" | sudo(@mansectsu@), |
| .IX Header "AUTHOR" | vipw(@mansectsu@) |
| Many people have worked on \fBsudo\fR over the years; this version of | .SH "AUTHORS" |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR was written by: | Many people have worked on |
| | \fBsudo\fR |
| | over the years; this version consists of code written primarily by: |
| | .sp |
| | .RS 6n |
| | Todd C. Miller |
| | .RE |
| .PP |
.PP |
| .Vb 1 | See the CONTRIBUTORS file in the |
| \& Todd Miller | \fBsudo\fR |
| .Ve | distribution (http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/contributors.html) for an |
| .PP | exhaustive list of people who have contributed to |
| See the \s-1CONTRIBUTORS\s0 file in the \fBsudo\fR distribution | \fBsudo\fR. |
| (http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/contributors.html) for a list of people | |
| who have contributed to \fBsudo\fR. | |
| .SH "CAVEATS" |
.SH "CAVEATS" |
| .IX Header "CAVEATS" | There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if |
| There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if | the editor used by |
| the editor used by \fBvisudo\fR allows shell escapes. | \fBvisudo\fR |
| | allows shell escapes. |
| .SH "BUGS" |
.SH "BUGS" |
| .IX Header "BUGS" | If you feel you have found a bug in |
| If you feel you have found a bug in \fBvisudo\fR, please submit a bug report | \fBvisudo\fR, |
| at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/ | please submit a bug report at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/ |
| .SH "SUPPORT" |
.SH "SUPPORT" |
| .IX Header "SUPPORT" |
|
| Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, |
Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, |
| see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo\-users to subscribe or | see http://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to subscribe or |
| search the archives. |
search the archives. |
| .SH "DISCLAIMER" |
.SH "DISCLAIMER" |
| .IX Header "DISCLAIMER" | \fBvisudo\fR |
| \&\fBvisudo\fR is provided ``\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0'' and any express or implied warranties, | is provided |
| including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability | ``AS IS'' |
| and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the \s-1LICENSE\s0 | and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited |
| file distributed with \fBsudo\fR or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html | to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a |
| for complete details. | particular purpose are disclaimed. |
| | See the LICENSE file distributed with |
| | \fBsudo\fR |
| | or http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/license.html for complete details. |
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