Annotation of embedaddon/tmux/tmux.1, revision 1.1.1.1
1.1 misho 1: .\" $OpenBSD$
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3: .\" Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
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17: .Dd $Mdocdate: March 25 2013 $
18: .Dt TMUX 1
19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
21: .Nm tmux
22: .Nd terminal multiplexer
23: .Sh SYNOPSIS
24: .Nm tmux
25: .Bk -words
26: .Op Fl 2CluvV
27: .Op Fl c Ar shell-command
28: .Op Fl f Ar file
29: .Op Fl L Ar socket-name
30: .Op Fl S Ar socket-path
31: .Op Ar command Op Ar flags
32: .Ek
33: .Sh DESCRIPTION
34: .Nm
35: is a terminal multiplexer:
36: it enables a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and
37: controlled from a single screen.
38: .Nm
39: may be detached from a screen
40: and continue running in the background,
41: then later reattached.
42: .Pp
43: When
44: .Nm
45: is started it creates a new
46: .Em session
47: with a single
48: .Em window
49: and displays it on screen.
50: A status line at the bottom of the screen
51: shows information on the current session
52: and is used to enter interactive commands.
53: .Pp
54: A session is a single collection of
55: .Em pseudo terminals
56: under the management of
57: .Nm .
58: Each session has one or more
59: windows linked to it.
60: A window occupies the entire screen
61: and may be split into rectangular panes,
62: each of which is a separate pseudo terminal
63: (the
64: .Xr pty 4
65: manual page documents the technical details of pseudo terminals).
66: Any number of
67: .Nm
68: instances may connect to the same session,
69: and any number of windows may be present in the same session.
70: Once all sessions are killed,
71: .Nm
72: exits.
73: .Pp
74: Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection
75: (such as
76: .Xr ssh 1
77: connection timeout) or intentional detaching (with the
78: .Ql C-b d
79: key strokes).
80: .Nm
81: may be reattached using:
82: .Pp
83: .Dl $ tmux attach
84: .Pp
85: In
86: .Nm ,
87: a session is displayed on screen by a
88: .Em client
89: and all sessions are managed by a single
90: .Em server .
91: The server and each client are separate processes which communicate through a
92: socket in
93: .Pa /tmp .
94: .Pp
95: The options are as follows:
96: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXX"
97: .It Fl 2
98: Force
99: .Nm
100: to assume the terminal supports 256 colours.
101: .It Fl C
102: Start in control mode (see the
103: .Sx CONTROL MODE
104: section).
105: Given twice
106: .Xo ( Fl CC ) Xc
107: disables echo.
108: .It Fl c Ar shell-command
109: Execute
110: .Ar shell-command
111: using the default shell.
112: If necessary, the
113: .Nm
114: server will be started to retrieve the
115: .Ic default-shell
116: option.
117: This option is for compatibility with
118: .Xr sh 1
119: when
120: .Nm
121: is used as a login shell.
122: .It Fl f Ar file
123: Specify an alternative configuration file.
124: By default,
125: .Nm
126: loads the system configuration file from
127: .Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.conf ,
128: if present, then looks for a user configuration file at
129: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf .
130: .Pp
131: The configuration file is a set of
132: .Nm
133: commands which are executed in sequence when the server is first started.
134: .Nm
135: loads configuration files once when the server process has started.
136: The
137: .Ic source-file
138: command may be used to load a file later.
139: .Pp
140: .Nm
141: shows any error messages from commands in configuration files in the first
142: session created, and continues to process the rest of the configuration file.
143: .It Fl L Ar socket-name
144: .Nm
145: stores the server socket in a directory under
146: .Ev TMUX_TMPDIR
147: or
148: .Pa /tmp
149: if it is unset.
150: The default socket is named
151: .Em default .
152: This option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several
153: independent
154: .Nm
155: servers to be run.
156: Unlike
157: .Fl S
158: a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in the same
159: directory.
160: .Pp
161: If the socket is accidentally removed, the
162: .Dv SIGUSR1
163: signal may be sent to the
164: .Nm
165: server process to recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent
166: directories are missing).
167: .It Fl l
168: Behave as a login shell.
169: This flag currently has no effect and is for compatibility with other shells
170: when using tmux as a login shell.
171: .It Fl S Ar socket-path
172: Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
173: If
174: .Fl S
175: is specified, the default socket directory is not used and any
176: .Fl L
177: flag is ignored.
178: .It Fl u
179: When starting,
180: .Nm
181: looks for the
182: .Ev LC_ALL ,
183: .Ev LC_CTYPE
184: and
185: .Ev LANG
186: environment variables: if the first found contains
187: .Ql UTF-8 ,
188: then the terminal is assumed to support UTF-8.
189: This is not always correct: the
190: .Fl u
191: flag explicitly informs
192: .Nm
193: that UTF-8 is supported.
194: .Pp
195: Note that
196: .Nm
197: itself always accepts UTF-8; this controls whether it will send UTF-8
198: characters to the terminal it is running (if not, they are replaced by
199: .Ql _ ) .
200: .It Fl v
201: Request verbose logging.
202: This option may be specified multiple times for increasing verbosity.
203: Log messages will be saved into
204: .Pa tmux-client-PID.log
205: and
206: .Pa tmux-server-PID.log
207: files in the current directory, where
208: .Em PID
209: is the PID of the server or client process.
210: .It Fl V
211: Report the
212: .Nm
213: version.
214: .It Ar command Op Ar flags
215: This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
216: .Nm ,
217: as described in the following sections.
218: If no commands are specified, the
219: .Ic new-session
220: command is assumed.
221: .El
222: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
223: .Nm
224: may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combination of a
225: prefix key,
226: .Ql C-b
227: (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a command key.
228: .Pp
229: The default command key bindings are:
230: .Pp
231: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent -compact
232: .It C-b
233: Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
234: .It C-o
235: Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
236: .It C-z
237: Suspend the
238: .Nm
239: client.
240: .It !
241: Break the current pane out of the window.
242: .It \&"
243: Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
244: .It #
245: List all paste buffers.
246: .It $
247: Rename the current session.
248: .It %
249: Split the current pane into two, left and right.
250: .It &
251: Kill the current window.
252: .It '
253: Prompt for a window index to select.
254: .It \&(
255: Switch the attached client to the previous session.
256: .It \&)
257: Switch the attached client to the next session.
258: .It ,
259: Rename the current window.
260: .It -
261: Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
262: .It .
263: Prompt for an index to move the current window.
264: .It 0 to 9
265: Select windows 0 to 9.
266: .It :
267: Enter the
268: .Nm
269: command prompt.
270: .It ;
271: Move to the previously active pane.
272: .It =
273: Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
274: .It \&?
275: List all key bindings.
276: .It D
277: Choose a client to detach.
278: .It L
279: Switch the attached client back to the last session.
280: .It \&[
281: Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
282: .It \&]
283: Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
284: .It c
285: Create a new window.
286: .It d
287: Detach the current client.
288: .It f
289: Prompt to search for text in open windows.
290: .It i
291: Display some information about the current window.
292: .It l
293: Move to the previously selected window.
294: .It n
295: Change to the next window.
296: .It o
297: Select the next pane in the current window.
298: .It p
299: Change to the previous window.
300: .It q
301: Briefly display pane indexes.
302: .It r
303: Force redraw of the attached client.
304: .It m
305: Mark the current pane (see
306: .Ic select-pane
307: .Fl m ) .
308: .It M
309: Clear the marked pane.
310: .It s
311: Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
312: .It t
313: Show the time.
314: .It w
315: Choose the current window interactively.
316: .It x
317: Kill the current pane.
318: .It z
319: Toggle zoom state of the current pane.
320: .It {
321: Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
322: .It }
323: Swap the current pane with the next pane.
324: .It ~
325: Show previous messages from
326: .Nm ,
327: if any.
328: .It Page Up
329: Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
330: .It Up, Down
331: .It Left, Right
332: Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current
333: pane.
334: .It M-1 to M-5
335: Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal,
336: even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
337: .It Space
338: Arrange the current window in the next preset layout.
339: .It M-n
340: Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
341: .It M-o
342: Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
343: .It M-p
344: Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
345: .It C-Up, C-Down
346: .It C-Left, C-Right
347: Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
348: .It M-Up, M-Down
349: .It M-Left, M-Right
350: Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.
351: .El
352: .Pp
353: Key bindings may be changed with the
354: .Ic bind-key
355: and
356: .Ic unbind-key
357: commands.
358: .Sh COMMANDS
359: This section contains a list of the commands supported by
360: .Nm .
361: Most commands accept the optional
362: .Fl t
363: (and sometimes
364: .Fl s )
365: argument with one of
366: .Ar target-client ,
367: .Ar target-session
368: .Ar target-window ,
369: or
370: .Ar target-pane .
371: These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should affect.
372: .Pp
373: .Ar target-client
374: should be the name of the client,
375: typically the
376: .Xr pty 4
377: file to which the client is connected, for example either of
378: .Pa /dev/ttyp1
379: or
380: .Pa ttyp1
381: for the client attached to
382: .Pa /dev/ttyp1 .
383: If no client is specified,
384: .Nm
385: attempts to work out the client currently in use; if that fails, an error is
386: reported.
387: Clients may be listed with the
388: .Ic list-clients
389: command.
390: .Pp
391: .Ar target-session
392: is tried as, in order:
393: .Bl -enum -offset Ds
394: .It
395: A session ID prefixed with a $.
396: .It
397: An exact name of a session (as listed by the
398: .Ic list-sessions
399: command).
400: .It
401: The start of a session name, for example
402: .Ql mysess
403: would match a session named
404: .Ql mysession .
405: .It
406: An
407: .Xr fnmatch 3
408: pattern which is matched against the session name.
409: .El
410: .Pp
411: If the session name is prefixed with an
412: .Ql = ,
413: only an exact match is accepted (so
414: .Ql =mysess
415: will only match exactly
416: .Ql mysess ,
417: not
418: .Ql mysession ) .
419: .Pp
420: If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches
421: produce an error.
422: If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no
423: current session is available, the most recently used is chosen.
424: .Pp
425: .Ar target-window
426: (or
427: .Ar src-window
428: or
429: .Ar dst-window )
430: specifies a window in the form
431: .Em session Ns \&: Ns Em window .
432: .Em session
433: follows the same rules as for
434: .Ar target-session ,
435: and
436: .Em window
437: is looked for in order as:
438: .Bl -enum -offset Ds
439: .It
440: A special token, listed below.
441: .It
442: A window index, for example
443: .Ql mysession:1
444: is window 1 in session
445: .Ql mysession .
446: .It
447: A window ID, such as @1.
448: .It
449: An exact window name, such as
450: .Ql mysession:mywindow .
451: .It
452: The start of a window name, such as
453: .Ql mysession:mywin .
454: .It
455: As an
456: .Xr fnmatch 3
457: pattern matched against the window name.
458: .El
459: .Pp
460: Like sessions, a
461: .Ql =
462: prefix will do an exact match only.
463: An empty window name specifies the next unused index if appropriate (for
464: example the
465: .Ic new-window
466: and
467: .Ic link-window
468: commands)
469: otherwise the current window in
470: .Em session
471: is chosen.
472: .Pp
473: The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows.
474: Each has a single-character alternative form.
475: .Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXX" "X"
476: .It Sy "Token" Ta Sy "" Ta Sy "Meaning"
477: .It Li "{start}" Ta "^" Ta "The lowest-numbered window"
478: .It Li "{end}" Ta "$" Ta "The highest-numbered window"
479: .It Li "{last}" Ta "!" Ta "The last (previously current) window"
480: .It Li "{next}" Ta "+" Ta "The next window by number"
481: .It Li "{previous}" Ta "-" Ta "The previous window by number"
482: .El
483: .Pp
484: .Ar target-pane
485: (or
486: .Ar src-pane
487: or
488: .Ar dst-pane )
489: may be a pane ID or takes a similar form to
490: .Ar target-window
491: but with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID,
492: for example:
493: .Ql mysession:mywindow.1 .
494: If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified
495: window is used.
496: The following special tokens are available for the pane index:
497: .Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "X"
498: .It Sy "Token" Ta Sy "" Ta Sy "Meaning"
499: .It Li "{last}" Ta "!" Ta "The last (previously active) pane"
500: .It Li "{next}" Ta "+" Ta "The next pane by number"
501: .It Li "{previous}" Ta "-" Ta "The previous pane by number"
502: .It Li "{top}" Ta "" Ta "The top pane"
503: .It Li "{bottom}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom pane"
504: .It Li "{left}" Ta "" Ta "The leftmost pane"
505: .It Li "{right}" Ta "" Ta "The rightmost pane"
506: .It Li "{top-left}" Ta "" Ta "The top-left pane"
507: .It Li "{top-right}" Ta "" Ta "The top-right pane"
508: .It Li "{bottom-left}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom-left pane"
509: .It Li "{bottom-right}" Ta "" Ta "The bottom-right pane"
510: .It Li "{up-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane above the active pane"
511: .It Li "{down-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane below the active pane"
512: .It Li "{left-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane to the left of the active pane"
513: .It Li "{right-of}" Ta "" Ta "The pane to the right of the active pane"
514: .El
515: .Pp
516: The tokens
517: .Ql +
518: and
519: .Ql -
520: may be followed by an offset, for example:
521: .Bd -literal -offset indent
522: select-window -t:+2
523: .Ed
524: .Pp
525: In addition,
526: .Em target-session ,
527: .Em target-window
528: or
529: .Em target-pane
530: may consist entirely of the token
531: .Ql {mouse}
532: (alternative form
533: .Ql = )
534: to specify the most recent mouse event
535: (see the
536: .Sx MOUSE SUPPORT
537: section)
538: or
539: .Ql {marked}
540: (alternative form
541: .Ql ~ )
542: to specify the marked pane (see
543: .Ic select-pane
544: .Fl m ) .
545: .Pp
546: Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID; session IDs are
547: prefixed with a
548: .Ql $ ,
549: windows with a
550: .Ql @ ,
551: and panes with a
552: .Ql % .
553: These are unique and are unchanged for the life of the session, window or pane
554: in the
555: .Nm
556: server.
557: The pane ID is passed to the child process of the pane in the
558: .Ev TMUX_PANE
559: environment variable.
560: IDs may be displayed using the
561: .Ql session_id ,
562: .Ql window_id ,
563: or
564: .Ql pane_id
565: formats (see the
566: .Sx FORMATS
567: section) and the
568: .Ic display-message ,
569: .Ic list-sessions ,
570: .Ic list-windows
571: or
572: .Ic list-panes
573: commands.
574: .Pp
575: .Ar shell-command
576: arguments are
577: .Xr sh 1
578: commands.
579: This may be a single argument passed to the shell, for example:
580: .Bd -literal -offset indent
581: new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'
582: .Ed
583: .Pp
584: Will run:
585: .Bd -literal -offset indent
586: /bin/sh -c 'vi /etc/passwd'
587: .Ed
588: .Pp
589: Additionally, the
590: .Ic new-window ,
591: .Ic new-session ,
592: .Ic split-window ,
593: .Ic respawn-window
594: and
595: .Ic respawn-pane
596: commands allow
597: .Ar shell-command
598: to be given as multiple arguments and executed directly (without
599: .Ql sh -c ) .
600: This can avoid issues with shell quoting.
601: For example:
602: .Bd -literal -offset indent
603: $ tmux new-window vi /etc/passwd
604: .Ed
605: .Pp
606: Will run
607: .Xr vi 1
608: directly without invoking the shell.
609: .Pp
610: .Ar command
611: .Op Ar arguments
612: refers to a
613: .Nm
614: command, passed with the command and arguments separately, for example:
615: .Bd -literal -offset indent
616: bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
617: .Ed
618: .Pp
619: Or if using
620: .Xr sh 1 :
621: .Bd -literal -offset indent
622: $ tmux bind-key F1 set-window-option force-width 81
623: .Ed
624: .Pp
625: Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a
626: .Em command sequence .
627: Each command should be separated by spaces and a semicolon;
628: commands are executed sequentially from left to right and
629: lines ending with a backslash continue on to the next line,
630: except when escaped by another backslash.
631: A literal semicolon may be included by escaping it with a backslash (for
632: example, when specifying a command sequence to
633: .Ic bind-key ) .
634: .Pp
635: Example
636: .Nm
637: commands include:
638: .Bd -literal -offset indent
639: refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2
640:
641: rename-session -tfirst newname
642:
643: set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on
644:
645: new-window ; split-window -d
646:
647: bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \e; \e
648: display-message "source-file done"
649: .Ed
650: .Pp
651: Or from
652: .Xr sh 1 :
653: .Bd -literal -offset indent
654: $ tmux kill-window -t :1
655:
656: $ tmux new-window \e; split-window -d
657:
658: $ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \e; split-window -d \e; attach
659: .Ed
660: .Sh CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
661: The
662: .Nm
663: server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.
664: Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them, either
665: when they are created with the
666: .Ic new-session
667: command, or later with the
668: .Ic attach-session
669: command.
670: Each session has one or more windows
671: .Em linked
672: into it.
673: Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one or
674: more panes,
675: each of which contains a pseudo terminal.
676: Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows
677: are covered
678: in the
679: .Sx WINDOWS AND PANES
680: section.
681: .Pp
682: The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:
683: .Bl -tag -width Ds
684: .It Xo Ic attach-session
685: .Op Fl dEr
686: .Op Fl c Ar working-directory
687: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
688: .Xc
689: .D1 (alias: Ic attach )
690: If run from outside
691: .Nm ,
692: create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to
693: .Ar target-session .
694: If used from inside, switch the current client.
695: If
696: .Fl d
697: is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.
698: .Fl r
699: signifies the client is read-only (only keys bound to the
700: .Ic detach-client
701: or
702: .Ic switch-client
703: commands have any effect)
704: .Pp
705: If no server is started,
706: .Ic attach-session
707: will attempt to start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the
708: configuration file.
709: .Pp
710: The
711: .Ar target-session
712: rules for
713: .Ic attach-session
714: are slightly adjusted: if
715: .Nm
716: needs to select the most recently used session, it will prefer the most
717: recently used
718: .Em unattached
719: session.
720: .Pp
721: .Fl c
722: will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to
723: .Ar working-directory .
724: .Pp
725: If
726: .Fl E
727: is used, the
728: .Ic update-environment
729: option will not be applied.
730: .It Xo Ic detach-client
731: .Op Fl aP
732: .Op Fl E Ar shell-command
733: .Op Fl s Ar target-session
734: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
735: .Xc
736: .D1 (alias: Ic detach )
737: Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with
738: .Fl t ,
739: or all clients currently attached to the session specified by
740: .Fl s .
741: The
742: .Fl a
743: option kills all but the client given with
744: .Fl t .
745: If
746: .Fl P
747: is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of the client, typically causing it
748: to exit.
749: With
750: .Fl E ,
751: run
752: .Ar shell-command
753: to replace the client.
754: .It Ic has-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
755: .D1 (alias: Ic has )
756: Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist.
757: If it does exist, exit with 0.
758: .It Ic kill-server
759: Kill the
760: .Nm
761: server and clients and destroy all sessions.
762: .It Xo Ic kill-session
763: .Op Fl aC
764: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
765: .Xc
766: Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other
767: sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.
768: If
769: .Fl a
770: is given, all sessions but the specified one is killed.
771: The
772: .Fl C
773: flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in all windows linked to the
774: session.
775: .It Xo Ic list-clients
776: .Op Fl F Ar format
777: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
778: .Xc
779: .D1 (alias: Ic lsc )
780: List all clients attached to the server.
781: For the meaning of the
782: .Fl F
783: flag, see the
784: .Sx FORMATS
785: section.
786: If
787: .Ar target-session
788: is specified, list only clients connected to that session.
789: .It Xo Ic list-commands
790: .Op Fl F Ar format
791: .Xc
792: .D1 (alias: Ic lscm )
793: List the syntax of all commands supported by
794: .Nm .
795: .It Ic list-sessions Op Fl F Ar format
796: .D1 (alias: Ic ls )
797: List all sessions managed by the server.
798: For the meaning of the
799: .Fl F
800: flag, see the
801: .Sx FORMATS
802: section.
803: .It Ic lock-client Op Fl t Ar target-client
804: .D1 (alias: Ic lockc )
805: Lock
806: .Ar target-client ,
807: see the
808: .Ic lock-server
809: command.
810: .It Ic lock-session Op Fl t Ar target-session
811: .D1 (alias: Ic locks )
812: Lock all clients attached to
813: .Ar target-session .
814: .It Xo Ic new-session
815: .Op Fl AdDEP
816: .Op Fl c Ar start-directory
817: .Op Fl F Ar format
818: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
819: .Op Fl s Ar session-name
820: .Op Fl t Ar group-name
821: .Op Fl x Ar width
822: .Op Fl y Ar height
823: .Op Ar shell-command
824: .Xc
825: .D1 (alias: Ic new )
826: Create a new session with name
827: .Ar session-name .
828: .Pp
829: The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
830: .Fl d
831: is given.
832: .Ar window-name
833: and
834: .Ar shell-command
835: are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window.
836: If
837: .Fl d
838: is used,
839: .Fl x
840: and
841: .Fl y
842: specify the size of the initial window.
843: .Pp
844: If run from a terminal, any
845: .Xr termios 4
846: special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
847: .Pp
848: The
849: .Fl A
850: flag makes
851: .Ic new-session
852: behave like
853: .Ic attach-session
854: if
855: .Ar session-name
856: already exists; in this case,
857: .Fl D
858: behaves like
859: .Fl d
860: to
861: .Ic attach-session .
862: .Pp
863: If
864: .Fl t
865: is given, it specifies a
866: .Ic session group .
867: Sessions in the same group share the same set of windows - new windows are
868: linked to all sessions in the group and any windows closed removed from all
869: sessions.
870: The current and previous window and any session options remain independent and
871: any session in a group may be killed without affecting the others.
872: The
873: .Ar group-name
874: argument may be:
875: .Bl -enum -width Ds
876: .It
877: the name of an existing group, in which case the new session is added to that
878: group;
879: .It
880: the name of an existing session - the new session is added to the same group
881: as that session, creating a new group if necessary;
882: .It
883: the name for a new group containing only the new session.
884: .El
885: .Pp
886: .Fl n
887: and
888: .Ar shell-command
889: are invalid if
890: .Fl t
891: is used.
892: .Pp
893: The
894: .Fl P
895: option prints information about the new session after it has been created.
896: By default, it uses the format
897: .Ql #{session_name}:
898: but a different format may be specified with
899: .Fl F .
900: .Pp
901: If
902: .Fl E
903: is used, the
904: .Ic update-environment
905: option will not be applied.
906: .It Xo Ic refresh-client
907: .Op Fl C Ar width,height
908: .Op Fl S
909: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
910: .Xc
911: .D1 (alias: Ic refresh )
912: Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given
913: with
914: .Fl t .
915: If
916: .Fl S
917: is specified, only update the client's status line.
918: .Pp
919: .Fl C
920: sets the width and height of a control client.
921: .It Xo Ic rename-session
922: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
923: .Ar new-name
924: .Xc
925: .D1 (alias: Ic rename )
926: Rename the session to
927: .Ar new-name .
928: .It Xo Ic show-messages
929: .Op Fl JT
930: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
931: .Xc
932: .D1 (alias: Ic showmsgs )
933: Show client messages or server information.
934: Any messages displayed on the status line are saved in a per-client message
935: log, up to a maximum of the limit set by the
936: .Ar message-limit
937: server option.
938: With
939: .Fl t ,
940: display the log for
941: .Ar target-client .
942: .Fl J
943: and
944: .Fl T
945: show debugging information about jobs and terminals.
946: .It Xo Ic source-file
947: .Op Fl q
948: .Ar path
949: .Xc
950: .D1 (alias: Ic source )
951: Execute commands from
952: .Ar path
953: (which may be a
954: .Xr glob 3
955: pattern).
956: If
957: .Fl q
958: is given, no error will be returned if
959: .Ar path
960: does not exist.
961: .Pp
962: Within a configuration file, commands may be made conditional by surrounding
963: them with
964: .Em %if
965: and
966: .Em %endif
967: lines.
968: The argument to
969: .Em %if
970: is expanded as a format and if it evaluates to false
971: (zero or empty), subsequent lines are ignored until
972: .Em %endif .
973: For example:
974: .Bd -literal -offset indent
975: %if #{==:#{host},myhost}
976: set -g status-style bg=red
977: %endif
978: .Ed
979: .Pp
980: Will change the status line to red if running on
981: .Ql myhost .
982: .Em %if
983: may not be nested.
984: .It Ic start-server
985: .D1 (alias: Ic start )
986: Start the
987: .Nm
988: server, if not already running, without creating any sessions.
989: .It Xo Ic suspend-client
990: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
991: .Xc
992: .D1 (alias: Ic suspendc )
993: Suspend a client by sending
994: .Dv SIGTSTP
995: (tty stop).
996: .It Xo Ic switch-client
997: .Op Fl Elnpr
998: .Op Fl c Ar target-client
999: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1000: .Op Fl T Ar key-table
1001: .Xc
1002: .D1 (alias: Ic switchc )
1003: Switch the current session for client
1004: .Ar target-client
1005: to
1006: .Ar target-session .
1007: If
1008: .Fl l ,
1009: .Fl n
1010: or
1011: .Fl p
1012: is used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous session
1013: respectively.
1014: .Fl r
1015: toggles whether a client is read-only (see the
1016: .Ic attach-session
1017: command).
1018: .Pp
1019: If
1020: .Fl E
1021: is used,
1022: .Ic update-environment
1023: option will not be applied.
1024: .Pp
1025: .Fl T
1026: sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted from
1027: .Ar key-table .
1028: This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to
1029: sequences of keys.
1030: For example, to make typing
1031: .Ql abc
1032: run the
1033: .Ic list-keys
1034: command:
1035: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1036: bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
1037: bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
1038: bind-key -Troot a switch-client -Ttable1
1039: .Ed
1040: .El
1041: .Sh WINDOWS AND PANES
1042: A
1043: .Nm
1044: window may be in one of two modes.
1045: The default permits direct access to the terminal attached to the window.
1046: The other is copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its
1047: history to be copied to a
1048: .Em paste buffer
1049: for later insertion into another window.
1050: This mode is entered with the
1051: .Ic copy-mode
1052: command, bound to
1053: .Ql \&[
1054: by default.
1055: It is also entered when a command that produces output, such as
1056: .Ic list-keys ,
1057: is executed from a key binding.
1058: .Pp
1059: Commands are sent to copy mode using the
1060: .Fl X
1061: flag to the
1062: .Ic send-keys
1063: command.
1064: When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of two key tables,
1065: depending on the
1066: .Ic mode-keys
1067: option:
1068: .Ic copy-mode
1069: for emacs, or
1070: .Ic copy-mode-vi
1071: for vi.
1072: Key tables may be viewed with the
1073: .Ic list-keys
1074: command.
1075: .Pp
1076: The following commands are supported in copy mode:
1077: .Bl -column "CommandXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXXXXXXXX" "emacs" -offset indent
1078: .It Sy "Command" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
1079: .It Li "append-selection" Ta "" Ta ""
1080: .It Li "append-selection-and-cancel" Ta "A" Ta ""
1081: .It Li "back-to-indentation" Ta "^" Ta "M-m"
1082: .It Li "begin-selection" Ta "Space" Ta "C-Space"
1083: .It Li "bottom-line" Ta "L" Ta ""
1084: .It Li "cancel" Ta "q" Ta "Escape"
1085: .It Li "clear-selection" Ta "Escape" Ta "C-g"
1086: .It Li "copy-end-of-line" Ta "D" Ta "C-k"
1087: .It Li "copy-line" Ta "" Ta ""
1088: .It Li "copy-pipe <command>" Ta "" Ta ""
1089: .It Li "copy-pipe-and-cancel <command>" Ta "" Ta ""
1090: .It Li "copy-selection" Ta "" Ta ""
1091: .It Li "copy-selection-and-cancel" Ta "Enter" Ta "M-w"
1092: .It Li "cursor-down" Ta "j" Ta "Down"
1093: .It Li "cursor-left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
1094: .It Li "cursor-right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
1095: .It Li "cursor-up" Ta "k" Ta "Up"
1096: .It Li "end-of-line" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
1097: .It Li "goto-line <line>" Ta ":" Ta "g"
1098: .It Li "halfpage-down" Ta "C-d" Ta "M-Down"
1099: .It Li "halfpage-up" Ta "C-u" Ta "M-Up"
1100: .It Li "history-bottom" Ta "G" Ta "M-<"
1101: .It Li "history-top" Ta "g" Ta "M->"
1102: .It Li "jump-again" Ta ";" Ta ";"
1103: .It Li "jump-backward <to>" Ta "F" Ta "F"
1104: .It Li "jump-forward <to>" Ta "f" Ta "f"
1105: .It Li "jump-reverse" Ta "," Ta ","
1106: .It Li "jump-to-backward <to>" Ta "T" Ta ""
1107: .It Li "jump-to-forward <to>" Ta "t" Ta ""
1108: .It Li "middle-line" Ta "M" Ta "M-r"
1109: .It Li "next-paragraph" Ta "}" Ta "M-}"
1110: .It Li "next-space" Ta "W" Ta ""
1111: .It Li "next-space-end" Ta "E" Ta ""
1112: .It Li "next-word" Ta "w" Ta ""
1113: .It Li "next-word-end" Ta "e" Ta "M-f"
1114: .It Li "other-end" Ta "o" Ta ""
1115: .It Li "page-down" Ta "C-f" Ta "PageDown"
1116: .It Li "page-up" Ta "C-b" Ta "PageUp"
1117: .It Li "previous-paragraph" Ta "{" Ta "M-{"
1118: .It Li "previous-space" Ta "B" Ta ""
1119: .It Li "previous-word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
1120: .It Li "rectangle-toggle" Ta "v" Ta "R"
1121: .It Li "scroll-down" Ta "C-e" Ta "C-Down"
1122: .It Li "scroll-up" Ta "C-y" Ta "C-Up"
1123: .It Li "search-again" Ta "n" Ta "n"
1124: .It Li "search-backward <for>" Ta "?" Ta ""
1125: .It Li "search-forward <for>" Ta "/" Ta ""
1126: .It Li "search-backward-incremental <for>" Ta "" Ta "C-r"
1127: .It Li "search-forward-incremental <for>" Ta "" Ta "C-s"
1128: .It Li "search-reverse" Ta "N" Ta "N"
1129: .It Li "select-line" Ta "V" Ta ""
1130: .It Li "start-of-line" Ta "0" Ta "C-a"
1131: .It Li "stop-selection" Ta "" Ta ""
1132: .It Li "top-line" Ta "H" Ta "M-R"
1133: .El
1134: .Pp
1135: The next and previous word keys use space and the
1136: .Ql - ,
1137: .Ql _
1138: and
1139: .Ql @
1140: characters as word delimiters by default, but this can be adjusted by
1141: setting the
1142: .Em word-separators
1143: session option.
1144: Next word moves to the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the
1145: next word and previous word to the start of the previous word.
1146: The three next and previous space keys work similarly but use a space alone as
1147: the word separator.
1148: .Pp
1149: The jump commands enable quick movement within a line.
1150: For instance, typing
1151: .Ql f
1152: followed by
1153: .Ql /
1154: will move the cursor to the next
1155: .Ql /
1156: character on the current line.
1157: A
1158: .Ql \&;
1159: will then jump to the next occurrence.
1160: .Pp
1161: Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.
1162: With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with
1163: emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.
1164: .Pp
1165: The synopsis for the
1166: .Ic copy-mode
1167: command is:
1168: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1169: .It Xo Ic copy-mode
1170: .Op Fl Meu
1171: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1172: .Xc
1173: Enter copy mode.
1174: The
1175: .Fl u
1176: option scrolls one page up.
1177: .Fl M
1178: begins a mouse drag (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
1179: .Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
1180: .Fl e
1181: specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible screen)
1182: should exit copy mode.
1183: While in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling will
1184: disable this behaviour.
1185: This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a pane's history, for
1186: example with:
1187: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1188: bind PageUp copy-mode -eu
1189: .Ed
1190: .El
1191: .Pp
1192: Each window displayed by
1193: .Nm
1194: may be split into one or more
1195: .Em panes ;
1196: each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal.
1197: A window may be split into panes using the
1198: .Ic split-window
1199: command.
1200: Windows may be split horizontally (with the
1201: .Fl h
1202: flag) or vertically.
1203: Panes may be resized with the
1204: .Ic resize-pane
1205: command (bound to
1206: .Ql C-Up ,
1207: .Ql C-Down
1208: .Ql C-Left
1209: and
1210: .Ql C-Right
1211: by default), the current pane may be changed with the
1212: .Ic select-pane
1213: command and the
1214: .Ic rotate-window
1215: and
1216: .Ic swap-pane
1217: commands may be used to swap panes without changing their position.
1218: Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are created.
1219: .Pp
1220: A number of preset
1221: .Em layouts
1222: are available.
1223: These may be selected with the
1224: .Ic select-layout
1225: command or cycled with
1226: .Ic next-layout
1227: (bound to
1228: .Ql Space
1229: by default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized
1230: as normal.
1231: .Pp
1232: The following layouts are supported:
1233: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1234: .It Ic even-horizontal
1235: Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
1236: .It Ic even-vertical
1237: Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
1238: .It Ic main-horizontal
1239: A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes
1240: are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom.
1241: Use the
1242: .Em main-pane-height
1243: window option to specify the height of the top pane.
1244: .It Ic main-vertical
1245: Similar to
1246: .Ic main-horizontal
1247: but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to
1248: bottom along the right.
1249: See the
1250: .Em main-pane-width
1251: window option.
1252: .It Ic tiled
1253: Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and
1254: columns.
1255: .El
1256: .Pp
1257: In addition,
1258: .Ic select-layout
1259: may be used to apply a previously used layout - the
1260: .Ic list-windows
1261: command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with
1262: .Ic select-layout .
1263: For example:
1264: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1265: $ tmux list-windows
1266: 0: ksh [159x48]
1267: layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
1268: $ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
1269: .Ed
1270: .Pp
1271: .Nm
1272: automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current window size.
1273: Note that a layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes than that
1274: from which the layout was originally defined.
1275: .Pp
1276: Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
1277: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1278: .It Xo Ic break-pane
1279: .Op Fl dP
1280: .Op Fl F Ar format
1281: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
1282: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
1283: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1284: .Xc
1285: .D1 (alias: Ic breakp )
1286: Break
1287: .Ar src-pane
1288: off from its containing window to make it the only pane in
1289: .Ar dst-window .
1290: If
1291: .Fl d
1292: is given, the new window does not become the current window.
1293: The
1294: .Fl P
1295: option prints information about the new window after it has been created.
1296: By default, it uses the format
1297: .Ql #{session_name}:#{window_index}
1298: but a different format may be specified with
1299: .Fl F .
1300: .It Xo Ic capture-pane
1301: .Op Fl aepPqCJ
1302: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
1303: .Op Fl E Ar end-line
1304: .Op Fl S Ar start-line
1305: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1306: .Xc
1307: .D1 (alias: Ic capturep )
1308: Capture the contents of a pane.
1309: If
1310: .Fl p
1311: is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with
1312: .Fl b
1313: or a new buffer if omitted.
1314: If
1315: .Fl a
1316: is given, the alternate screen is used, and the history is not accessible.
1317: If no alternate screen exists, an error will be returned unless
1318: .Fl q
1319: is given.
1320: If
1321: .Fl e
1322: is given, the output includes escape sequences for text and background
1323: attributes.
1324: .Fl C
1325: also escapes non-printable characters as octal \exxx.
1326: .Fl J
1327: joins wrapped lines and preserves trailing spaces at each line's end.
1328: .Fl P
1329: captures only any output that the pane has received that is the beginning of an
1330: as-yet incomplete escape sequence.
1331: .Pp
1332: .Fl S
1333: and
1334: .Fl E
1335: specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the
1336: visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history.
1337: .Ql -
1338: to
1339: .Fl S
1340: is the start of the history and to
1341: .Fl E
1342: the end of the visible pane.
1343: The default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane.
1344: .It Xo
1345: .Ic choose-client
1346: .Op Fl F Ar format
1347: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1348: .Op Ar template
1349: .Xc
1350: Put a window into client choice mode, allowing a client to be selected
1351: interactively from a list.
1352: After a client is chosen,
1353: .Ql %%
1354: is replaced by the client
1355: .Xr pty 4
1356: path in
1357: .Ar template
1358: and the result executed as a command.
1359: If
1360: .Ar template
1361: is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used.
1362: For the meaning of the
1363: .Fl F
1364: flag, see the
1365: .Sx FORMATS
1366: section.
1367: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
1368: .It Xo
1369: .Ic choose-session
1370: .Op Fl F Ar format
1371: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1372: .Op Ar template
1373: .Xc
1374: Put a window into session choice mode, where a session may be selected
1375: interactively from a list.
1376: When one is chosen,
1377: .Ql %%
1378: is replaced by the session name in
1379: .Ar template
1380: and the result executed as a command.
1381: If
1382: .Ar template
1383: is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used.
1384: For the meaning of the
1385: .Fl F
1386: flag, see the
1387: .Sx FORMATS
1388: section.
1389: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
1390: .It Xo
1391: .Ic choose-tree
1392: .Op Fl suw
1393: .Op Fl b Ar session-template
1394: .Op Fl c Ar window-template
1395: .Op Fl S Ar format
1396: .Op Fl W Ar format
1397: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1398: .Xc
1399: Put a window into tree choice mode, where either sessions or windows may be
1400: selected interactively from a list.
1401: By default, windows belonging to a session are indented to show their
1402: relationship to a session.
1403: .Pp
1404: Note that the
1405: .Ic choose-window
1406: and
1407: .Ic choose-session
1408: commands are wrappers around
1409: .Ic choose-tree .
1410: .Pp
1411: If
1412: .Fl s
1413: is given, will show sessions.
1414: If
1415: .Fl w
1416: is given, will show windows.
1417: .Pp
1418: By default, the tree is collapsed and sessions must be expanded to windows
1419: with the right arrow key.
1420: The
1421: .Fl u
1422: option will start with all sessions expanded instead.
1423: .Pp
1424: If
1425: .Fl b
1426: is given, will override the default session command.
1427: Note that
1428: .Ql %%
1429: can be used and will be replaced with the session name.
1430: The default option if not specified is "switch-client -t '%%'".
1431: If
1432: .Fl c
1433: is given, will override the default window command.
1434: Like
1435: .Fl b ,
1436: .Ql %%
1437: can be used and will be replaced with the session name and window index.
1438: When a window is chosen from the list, the session command is run before the
1439: window command.
1440: .Pp
1441: .Fl S
1442: uses
1443: .Ar format
1444: instead of the default session
1445: format and
1446: .Fl W
1447: instead of the default window format.
1448: For the meaning of
1449: .Ar format ,
1450: see the
1451: .Sx FORMATS
1452: section.
1453: .Pp
1454: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
1455: .It Xo
1456: .Ic choose-window
1457: .Op Fl F Ar format
1458: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1459: .Op Ar template
1460: .Xc
1461: Put a window into window choice mode, where a window may be chosen
1462: interactively from a list.
1463: After a window is selected,
1464: .Ql %%
1465: is replaced by the session name and window index in
1466: .Ar template
1467: and the result executed as a command.
1468: If
1469: .Ar template
1470: is not given, "select-window -t '%%'" is used.
1471: For the meaning of the
1472: .Fl F
1473: flag, see the
1474: .Sx FORMATS
1475: section.
1476: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
1477: .It Xo
1478: .Ic display-panes
1479: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
1480: .Op Ar template
1481: .Xc
1482: .D1 (alias: Ic displayp )
1483: Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by
1484: .Ar target-client .
1485: See the
1486: .Ic display-panes-time ,
1487: .Ic display-panes-colour ,
1488: and
1489: .Ic display-panes-active-colour
1490: session options.
1491: While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be chosen with the
1492: .Ql 0
1493: to
1494: .Ql 9
1495: keys, which will cause
1496: .Ar template
1497: to be executed as a command with
1498: .Ql %%
1499: substituted by the pane ID.
1500: The default
1501: .Ar template
1502: is "select-pane -t '%%'".
1503: .It Xo Ic find-window
1504: .Op Fl CNT
1505: .Op Fl F Ar format
1506: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1507: .Ar match-string
1508: .Xc
1509: .D1 (alias: Ic findw )
1510: Search for the
1511: .Xr fnmatch 3
1512: pattern
1513: .Ar match-string
1514: in window names, titles, and visible content (but not history).
1515: The flags control matching behavior:
1516: .Fl C
1517: matches only visible window contents,
1518: .Fl N
1519: matches only the window name and
1520: .Fl T
1521: matches only the window title.
1522: The default is
1523: .Fl CNT .
1524: If only one window is matched, it'll be automatically selected,
1525: otherwise a choice list is shown.
1526: For the meaning of the
1527: .Fl F
1528: flag, see the
1529: .Sx FORMATS
1530: section.
1531: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
1532: .It Xo Ic join-pane
1533: .Op Fl bdhv
1534: .Oo Fl l
1535: .Ar size |
1536: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
1537: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
1538: .Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
1539: .Xc
1540: .D1 (alias: Ic joinp )
1541: Like
1542: .Ic split-window ,
1543: but instead of splitting
1544: .Ar dst-pane
1545: and creating a new pane, split it and move
1546: .Ar src-pane
1547: into the space.
1548: This can be used to reverse
1549: .Ic break-pane .
1550: The
1551: .Fl b
1552: option causes
1553: .Ar src-pane
1554: to be joined to left of or above
1555: .Ar dst-pane .
1556: .Pp
1557: If
1558: .Fl s
1559: is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
1560: .Ic select-pane
1561: .Fl m ) ,
1562: the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
1563: .It Xo Ic kill-pane
1564: .Op Fl a
1565: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1566: .Xc
1567: .D1 (alias: Ic killp )
1568: Destroy the given pane.
1569: If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also destroyed.
1570: The
1571: .Fl a
1572: option kills all but the pane given with
1573: .Fl t .
1574: .It Xo Ic kill-window
1575: .Op Fl a
1576: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1577: .Xc
1578: .D1 (alias: Ic killw )
1579: Kill the current window or the window at
1580: .Ar target-window ,
1581: removing it from any sessions to which it is linked.
1582: The
1583: .Fl a
1584: option kills all but the window given with
1585: .Fl t .
1586: .It Xo Ic last-pane
1587: .Op Fl de
1588: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1589: .Xc
1590: .D1 (alias: Ic lastp )
1591: Select the last (previously selected) pane.
1592: .Fl e
1593: enables or
1594: .Fl d
1595: disables input to the pane.
1596: .It Ic last-window Op Fl t Ar target-session
1597: .D1 (alias: Ic last )
1598: Select the last (previously selected) window.
1599: If no
1600: .Ar target-session
1601: is specified, select the last window of the current session.
1602: .It Xo Ic link-window
1603: .Op Fl adk
1604: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1605: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1606: .Xc
1607: .D1 (alias: Ic linkw )
1608: Link the window at
1609: .Ar src-window
1610: to the specified
1611: .Ar dst-window .
1612: If
1613: .Ar dst-window
1614: is specified and no such window exists, the
1615: .Ar src-window
1616: is linked there.
1617: With
1618: .Fl a ,
1619: the window is moved to the next index up (following windows
1620: are moved if necessary).
1621: If
1622: .Fl k
1623: is given and
1624: .Ar dst-window
1625: exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated.
1626: If
1627: .Fl d
1628: is given, the newly linked window is not selected.
1629: .It Xo Ic list-panes
1630: .Op Fl as
1631: .Op Fl F Ar format
1632: .Op Fl t Ar target
1633: .Xc
1634: .D1 (alias: Ic lsp )
1635: If
1636: .Fl a
1637: is given,
1638: .Ar target
1639: is ignored and all panes on the server are listed.
1640: If
1641: .Fl s
1642: is given,
1643: .Ar target
1644: is a session (or the current session).
1645: If neither is given,
1646: .Ar target
1647: is a window (or the current window).
1648: For the meaning of the
1649: .Fl F
1650: flag, see the
1651: .Sx FORMATS
1652: section.
1653: .It Xo Ic list-windows
1654: .Op Fl a
1655: .Op Fl F Ar format
1656: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1657: .Xc
1658: .D1 (alias: Ic lsw )
1659: If
1660: .Fl a
1661: is given, list all windows on the server.
1662: Otherwise, list windows in the current session or in
1663: .Ar target-session .
1664: For the meaning of the
1665: .Fl F
1666: flag, see the
1667: .Sx FORMATS
1668: section.
1669: .It Xo Ic move-pane
1670: .Op Fl bdhv
1671: .Oo Fl l
1672: .Ar size |
1673: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
1674: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
1675: .Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
1676: .Xc
1677: .D1 (alias: Ic movep )
1678: Like
1679: .Ic join-pane ,
1680: but
1681: .Ar src-pane
1682: and
1683: .Ar dst-pane
1684: may belong to the same window.
1685: .It Xo Ic move-window
1686: .Op Fl ardk
1687: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
1688: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
1689: .Xc
1690: .D1 (alias: Ic movew )
1691: This is similar to
1692: .Ic link-window ,
1693: except the window at
1694: .Ar src-window
1695: is moved to
1696: .Ar dst-window .
1697: With
1698: .Fl r ,
1699: all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting
1700: the
1701: .Ic base-index
1702: option.
1703: .It Xo Ic new-window
1704: .Op Fl adkP
1705: .Op Fl c Ar start-directory
1706: .Op Fl F Ar format
1707: .Op Fl n Ar window-name
1708: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1709: .Op Ar shell-command
1710: .Xc
1711: .D1 (alias: Ic neww )
1712: Create a new window.
1713: With
1714: .Fl a ,
1715: the new window is inserted at the next index up from the specified
1716: .Ar target-window ,
1717: moving windows up if necessary,
1718: otherwise
1719: .Ar target-window
1720: is the new window location.
1721: .Pp
1722: If
1723: .Fl d
1724: is given, the session does not make the new window the current window.
1725: .Ar target-window
1726: represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an error is
1727: shown, unless the
1728: .Fl k
1729: flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.
1730: .Ar shell-command
1731: is the command to execute.
1732: If
1733: .Ar shell-command
1734: is not specified, the value of the
1735: .Ic default-command
1736: option is used.
1737: .Fl c
1738: specifies the working directory in which the new window is created.
1739: .Pp
1740: When the shell command completes, the window closes.
1741: See the
1742: .Ic remain-on-exit
1743: option to change this behaviour.
1744: .Pp
1745: The
1746: .Ev TERM
1747: environment variable must be set to
1748: .Ql screen
1749: or
1750: .Ql tmux
1751: for all programs running
1752: .Em inside
1753: .Nm .
1754: New windows will automatically have
1755: .Ql TERM=screen
1756: added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell
1757: start-up files.
1758: .Pp
1759: The
1760: .Fl P
1761: option prints information about the new window after it has been created.
1762: By default, it uses the format
1763: .Ql #{session_name}:#{window_index}
1764: but a different format may be specified with
1765: .Fl F .
1766: .It Ic next-layout Op Fl t Ar target-window
1767: .D1 (alias: Ic nextl )
1768: Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
1769: .It Xo Ic next-window
1770: .Op Fl a
1771: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1772: .Xc
1773: .D1 (alias: Ic next )
1774: Move to the next window in the session.
1775: If
1776: .Fl a
1777: is used, move to the next window with an alert.
1778: .It Xo Ic pipe-pane
1779: .Op Fl o
1780: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1781: .Op Ar shell-command
1782: .Xc
1783: .D1 (alias: Ic pipep )
1784: Pipe any output sent by the program in
1785: .Ar target-pane
1786: to a shell command.
1787: A pane may only be piped to one command at a time, any existing pipe is
1788: closed before
1789: .Ar shell-command
1790: is executed.
1791: The
1792: .Ar shell-command
1793: string may contain the special character sequences supported by the
1794: .Ic status-left
1795: option.
1796: If no
1797: .Ar shell-command
1798: is given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.
1799: .Pp
1800: The
1801: .Fl o
1802: option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to
1803: be toggled with a single key, for example:
1804: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1805: bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
1806: .Ed
1807: .It Xo Ic previous-layout
1808: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1809: .Xc
1810: .D1 (alias: Ic prevl )
1811: Move to the previous layout in the session.
1812: .It Xo Ic previous-window
1813: .Op Fl a
1814: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
1815: .Xc
1816: .D1 (alias: Ic prev )
1817: Move to the previous window in the session.
1818: With
1819: .Fl a ,
1820: move to the previous window with an alert.
1821: .It Xo Ic rename-window
1822: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1823: .Ar new-name
1824: .Xc
1825: .D1 (alias: Ic renamew )
1826: Rename the current window, or the window at
1827: .Ar target-window
1828: if specified, to
1829: .Ar new-name .
1830: .It Xo Ic resize-pane
1831: .Op Fl DLMRUZ
1832: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1833: .Op Fl x Ar width
1834: .Op Fl y Ar height
1835: .Op Ar adjustment
1836: .Xc
1837: .D1 (alias: Ic resizep )
1838: Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by
1839: .Ar adjustment
1840: with
1841: .Fl U ,
1842: .Fl D ,
1843: .Fl L
1844: or
1845: .Fl R ,
1846: or
1847: to an absolute size
1848: with
1849: .Fl x
1850: or
1851: .Fl y .
1852: The
1853: .Ar adjustment
1854: is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).
1855: .Pp
1856: With
1857: .Fl Z ,
1858: the active pane is toggled between zoomed (occupying the whole of the window)
1859: and unzoomed (its normal position in the layout).
1860: .Pp
1861: .Fl M
1862: begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
1863: .Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
1864: .It Xo Ic respawn-pane
1865: .Op Fl k
1866: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1867: .Op Ar shell-command
1868: .Xc
1869: .D1 (alias: Ic respawnp )
1870: Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
1871: .Ic remain-on-exit
1872: window option).
1873: If
1874: .Ar shell-command
1875: is not given, the command used when the pane was created is executed.
1876: The pane must be already inactive, unless
1877: .Fl k
1878: is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
1879: .It Xo Ic respawn-window
1880: .Op Fl k
1881: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1882: .Op Ar shell-command
1883: .Xc
1884: .D1 (alias: Ic respawnw )
1885: Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
1886: .Ic remain-on-exit
1887: window option).
1888: If
1889: .Ar shell-command
1890: is not given, the command used when the window was created is executed.
1891: The window must be already inactive, unless
1892: .Fl k
1893: is given, in which case any existing command is killed.
1894: .It Xo Ic rotate-window
1895: .Op Fl DU
1896: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1897: .Xc
1898: .D1 (alias: Ic rotatew )
1899: Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically
1900: lower) with
1901: .Fl U
1902: or downward (numerically higher).
1903: .It Xo Ic select-layout
1904: .Op Fl nop
1905: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1906: .Op Ar layout-name
1907: .Xc
1908: .D1 (alias: Ic selectl )
1909: Choose a specific layout for a window.
1910: If
1911: .Ar layout-name
1912: is not given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reapplied.
1913: .Fl n
1914: and
1915: .Fl p
1916: are equivalent to the
1917: .Ic next-layout
1918: and
1919: .Ic previous-layout
1920: commands.
1921: .Fl o
1922: applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the most recent layout change).
1923: .It Xo Ic select-pane
1924: .Op Fl DdegLlMmRU
1925: .Op Fl P Ar style
1926: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
1927: .Xc
1928: .D1 (alias: Ic selectp )
1929: Make pane
1930: .Ar target-pane
1931: the active pane in window
1932: .Ar target-window ,
1933: or set its style (with
1934: .Fl P ) .
1935: If one of
1936: .Fl D ,
1937: .Fl L ,
1938: .Fl R ,
1939: or
1940: .Fl U
1941: is used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the
1942: target pane is used.
1943: .Fl l
1944: is the same as using the
1945: .Ic last-pane
1946: command.
1947: .Fl e
1948: enables or
1949: .Fl d
1950: disables input to the pane.
1951: .Pp
1952: .Fl m
1953: and
1954: .Fl M
1955: are used to set and clear the
1956: .Em marked pane .
1957: There is one marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the last.
1958: The marked pane is the default target for
1959: .Fl s
1960: to
1961: .Ic join-pane ,
1962: .Ic swap-pane
1963: and
1964: .Ic swap-window .
1965: .Pp
1966: Each pane has a style: by default the
1967: .Ic window-style
1968: and
1969: .Ic window-active-style
1970: options are used,
1971: .Ic select-pane
1972: .Fl P
1973: sets the style for a single pane.
1974: For example, to set the pane 1 background to red:
1975: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1976: select-pane -t:.1 -P 'bg=red'
1977: .Ed
1978: .Pp
1979: .Fl g
1980: shows the current pane style.
1981: .It Xo Ic select-window
1982: .Op Fl lnpT
1983: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
1984: .Xc
1985: .D1 (alias: Ic selectw )
1986: Select the window at
1987: .Ar target-window .
1988: .Fl l ,
1989: .Fl n
1990: and
1991: .Fl p
1992: are equivalent to the
1993: .Ic last-window ,
1994: .Ic next-window
1995: and
1996: .Ic previous-window
1997: commands.
1998: If
1999: .Fl T
2000: is given and the selected window is already the current window,
2001: the command behaves like
2002: .Ic last-window .
2003: .It Xo Ic split-window
2004: .Op Fl bdfhvP
2005: .Op Fl c Ar start-directory
2006: .Oo Fl l
2007: .Ar size |
2008: .Fl p Ar percentage Oc
2009: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
2010: .Op Ar shell-command
2011: .Op Fl F Ar format
2012: .Xc
2013: .D1 (alias: Ic splitw )
2014: Create a new pane by splitting
2015: .Ar target-pane :
2016: .Fl h
2017: does a horizontal split and
2018: .Fl v
2019: a vertical split; if neither is specified,
2020: .Fl v
2021: is assumed.
2022: The
2023: .Fl l
2024: and
2025: .Fl p
2026: options specify the size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in
2027: cells (for horizontal split), or as a percentage, respectively.
2028: The
2029: .Fl b
2030: option causes the new pane to be created to the left of or above
2031: .Ar target-pane .
2032: The
2033: .Fl f
2034: option creates a new pane spanning the full window height (with
2035: .Fl h )
2036: or full window width (with
2037: .Fl v ) ,
2038: instead of splitting the active pane.
2039: All other options have the same meaning as for the
2040: .Ic new-window
2041: command.
2042: .It Xo Ic swap-pane
2043: .Op Fl dDU
2044: .Op Fl s Ar src-pane
2045: .Op Fl t Ar dst-pane
2046: .Xc
2047: .D1 (alias: Ic swapp )
2048: Swap two panes.
2049: If
2050: .Fl U
2051: is used and no source pane is specified with
2052: .Fl s ,
2053: .Ar dst-pane
2054: is swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically);
2055: .Fl D
2056: swaps with the next pane (after it numerically).
2057: .Fl d
2058: instructs
2059: .Nm
2060: not to change the active pane.
2061: .Pp
2062: If
2063: .Fl s
2064: is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
2065: .Ic select-pane
2066: .Fl m ) ,
2067: the marked pane is used rather than the current pane.
2068: .It Xo Ic swap-window
2069: .Op Fl d
2070: .Op Fl s Ar src-window
2071: .Op Fl t Ar dst-window
2072: .Xc
2073: .D1 (alias: Ic swapw )
2074: This is similar to
2075: .Ic link-window ,
2076: except the source and destination windows are swapped.
2077: It is an error if no window exists at
2078: .Ar src-window .
2079: .Pp
2080: Like
2081: .Ic swap-pane ,
2082: if
2083: .Fl s
2084: is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
2085: .Ic select-pane
2086: .Fl m ) ,
2087: the window containing the marked pane is used rather than the current window.
2088: .It Xo Ic unlink-window
2089: .Op Fl k
2090: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
2091: .Xc
2092: .D1 (alias: Ic unlinkw )
2093: Unlink
2094: .Ar target-window .
2095: Unless
2096: .Fl k
2097: is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions -
2098: windows may not be linked to no sessions;
2099: if
2100: .Fl k
2101: is specified and the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and
2102: destroyed.
2103: .El
2104: .Sh KEY BINDINGS
2105: .Nm
2106: allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a prefix key.
2107: When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for example
2108: .Ql A
2109: to
2110: .Ql Z ) .
2111: Ctrl keys may be prefixed with
2112: .Ql C-
2113: or
2114: .Ql ^ ,
2115: and Alt (meta) with
2116: .Ql M- .
2117: In addition, the following special key names are accepted:
2118: .Em Up ,
2119: .Em Down ,
2120: .Em Left ,
2121: .Em Right ,
2122: .Em BSpace ,
2123: .Em BTab ,
2124: .Em DC
2125: (Delete),
2126: .Em End ,
2127: .Em Enter ,
2128: .Em Escape ,
2129: .Em F1
2130: to
2131: .Em F12 ,
2132: .Em Home ,
2133: .Em IC
2134: (Insert),
2135: .Em NPage/PageDown/PgDn ,
2136: .Em PPage/PageUp/PgUp ,
2137: .Em Space ,
2138: and
2139: .Em Tab .
2140: Note that to bind the
2141: .Ql \&"
2142: or
2143: .Ql '
2144: keys, quotation marks are necessary, for example:
2145: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2146: bind-key '"' split-window
2147: bind-key "'" new-window
2148: .Ed
2149: .Pp
2150: Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
2151: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2152: .It Xo Ic bind-key
2153: .Op Fl nr
2154: .Op Fl T Ar key-table
2155: .Ar key Ar command Op Ar arguments
2156: .Xc
2157: .D1 (alias: Ic bind )
2158: Bind key
2159: .Ar key
2160: to
2161: .Ar command .
2162: Keys are bound in a key table.
2163: By default (without -T), the key is bound in
2164: the
2165: .Em prefix
2166: key table.
2167: This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix key (for example,
2168: by default
2169: .Ql c
2170: is bound to
2171: .Ic new-window
2172: in the
2173: .Em prefix
2174: table, so
2175: .Ql C-b c
2176: creates a new window).
2177: The
2178: .Em root
2179: table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key: binding
2180: .Ql c
2181: to
2182: .Ic new-window
2183: in the
2184: .Em root
2185: table (not recommended) means a plain
2186: .Ql c
2187: will create a new window.
2188: .Fl n
2189: is an alias
2190: for
2191: .Fl T Ar root .
2192: Keys may also be bound in custom key tables and the
2193: .Ic switch-client
2194: .Fl T
2195: command used to switch to them from a key binding.
2196: The
2197: .Fl r
2198: flag indicates this key may repeat, see the
2199: .Ic repeat-time
2200: option.
2201: .Pp
2202: To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
2203: .Ic list-keys
2204: command.
2205: .It Xo Ic list-keys
2206: .Op Fl T Ar key-table
2207: .Xc
2208: .D1 (alias: Ic lsk )
2209: List all key bindings.
2210: Without
2211: .Fl T
2212: all key tables are printed.
2213: With
2214: .Fl T
2215: only
2216: .Ar key-table .
2217: .It Xo Ic send-keys
2218: .Op Fl lMRX
2219: .Op Fl N Ar repeat-count
2220: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
2221: .Ar key Ar ...
2222: .Xc
2223: .D1 (alias: Ic send )
2224: Send a key or keys to a window.
2225: Each argument
2226: .Ar key
2227: is the name of the key (such as
2228: .Ql C-a
2229: or
2230: .Ql NPage )
2231: to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of
2232: characters.
2233: The
2234: .Fl l
2235: flag disables key name lookup and sends the keys literally.
2236: All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last.
2237: The
2238: .Fl R
2239: flag causes the terminal state to be reset.
2240: .Pp
2241: .Fl M
2242: passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see
2243: .Sx MOUSE SUPPORT ) .
2244: .Pp
2245: .Fl X
2246: is used to send a command into copy mode - see
2247: the
2248: .Sx WINDOWS AND PANES
2249: section.
2250: .Fl N
2251: specifies a repeat count.
2252: .It Xo Ic send-prefix
2253: .Op Fl 2
2254: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
2255: .Xc
2256: Send the prefix key, or with
2257: .Fl 2
2258: the secondary prefix key, to a window as if it was pressed.
2259: .It Xo Ic unbind-key
2260: .Op Fl an
2261: .Op Fl T Ar key-table
2262: .Ar key
2263: .Xc
2264: .D1 (alias: Ic unbind )
2265: Unbind the command bound to
2266: .Ar key .
2267: .Fl n
2268: and
2269: .Fl T
2270: are the same as for
2271: .Ic bind-key .
2272: If
2273: .Fl a
2274: is present, all key bindings are removed.
2275: .El
2276: .Sh OPTIONS
2277: The appearance and behaviour of
2278: .Nm
2279: may be modified by changing the value of various options.
2280: There are three types of option:
2281: .Em server options ,
2282: .Em session options
2283: and
2284: .Em window options .
2285: .Pp
2286: The
2287: .Nm
2288: server has a set of global options which do not apply to any particular
2289: window or session.
2290: These are altered with the
2291: .Ic set-option
2292: .Fl s
2293: command, or displayed with the
2294: .Ic show-options
2295: .Fl s
2296: command.
2297: .Pp
2298: In addition, each individual session may have a set of session options, and
2299: there is a separate set of global session options.
2300: Sessions which do not have a particular option configured inherit the value
2301: from the global session options.
2302: Session options are set or unset with the
2303: .Ic set-option
2304: command and may be listed with the
2305: .Ic show-options
2306: command.
2307: The available server and session options are listed under the
2308: .Ic set-option
2309: command.
2310: .Pp
2311: Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and there is
2312: a set of global window options from which any unset options are inherited.
2313: Window options are altered with the
2314: .Ic set-window-option
2315: command and can be listed with the
2316: .Ic show-window-options
2317: command.
2318: All window options are documented with the
2319: .Ic set-window-option
2320: command.
2321: .Pp
2322: .Nm
2323: also supports user options which are prefixed with a
2324: .Ql \&@ .
2325: User options may have any name, so long as they are prefixed with
2326: .Ql \&@ ,
2327: and be set to any string.
2328: For example:
2329: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2330: $ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123"
2331: $ tmux showw -v @foo
2332: abc123
2333: .Ed
2334: .Pp
2335: Commands which set options are as follows:
2336: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2337: .It Xo Ic set-option
2338: .Op Fl agoqsuw
2339: .Op Fl t Ar target-session | Ar target-window
2340: .Ar option Ar value
2341: .Xc
2342: .D1 (alias: Ic set )
2343: Set a window option with
2344: .Fl w
2345: (equivalent to the
2346: .Ic set-window-option
2347: command),
2348: a server option with
2349: .Fl s ,
2350: otherwise a session option.
2351: If
2352: .Fl g
2353: is given, the global session or window option is set.
2354: The
2355: .Fl u
2356: flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the global
2357: options (or with
2358: .Fl g ,
2359: restores a global option to the default).
2360: .Pp
2361: The
2362: .Fl o
2363: flag prevents setting an option that is already set and the
2364: .Fl q
2365: flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambiguous options.
2366: .Pp
2367: With
2368: .Fl a ,
2369: and if the option expects a string or a style,
2370: .Ar value
2371: is appended to the existing setting.
2372: For example:
2373: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2374: set -g status-left "foo"
2375: set -ag status-left "bar"
2376: .Ed
2377: .Pp
2378: Will result in
2379: .Ql foobar .
2380: And:
2381: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2382: set -g status-style "bg=red"
2383: set -ag status-style "fg=blue"
2384: .Ed
2385: .Pp
2386: Will result in a red background
2387: .Em and
2388: blue foreground.
2389: Without
2390: .Fl a ,
2391: the result would be the default background and a blue foreground.
2392: .Pp
2393: Available window options are listed under
2394: .Ic set-window-option .
2395: .Pp
2396: .Ar value
2397: depends on the option and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or
2398: omitted to toggle).
2399: .Pp
2400: Available server options are:
2401: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2402: .It Ic buffer-limit Ar number
2403: Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the top of the stack,
2404: old ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this maximum
2405: length.
2406: .It Xo Ic command-alias[]
2407: .Ar name=value
2408: .Xc
2409: This is an array of custom aliases for commands.
2410: If an unknown command matches
2411: .Ar name ,
2412: it is replaced with
2413: .Ar value .
2414: For example, after:
2415: .Pp
2416: .Dl set -s command-alias[2] zoom='resize-pane -Z'
2417: .Pp
2418: Using:
2419: .Pp
2420: .Dl zoom -t:.1
2421: .Pp
2422: Is equivalent to:
2423: .Pp
2424: .Dl resize-pane -Z -t:.1
2425: .Pp
2426: Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed rather than when it is
2427: executed, so binding an alias with
2428: .Ic bind-key
2429: will bind the expanded form.
2430: .It Ic default-terminal Ar terminal
2431: Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the
2432: default value of the
2433: .Ev TERM
2434: environment variable.
2435: For
2436: .Nm
2437: to work correctly, this
2438: .Em must
2439: be set to
2440: .Ql screen ,
2441: .Ql tmux
2442: or a derivative of them.
2443: .It Ic escape-time Ar time
2444: Set the time in milliseconds for which
2445: .Nm
2446: waits after an escape is input to determine if it is part of a function or meta
2447: key sequences.
2448: The default is 500 milliseconds.
2449: .It Xo Ic exit-unattached
2450: .Op Ic on | off
2451: .Xc
2452: If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached clients.
2453: .It Xo Ic focus-events
2454: .Op Ic on | off
2455: .Xc
2456: When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal if supported and
2457: passed through to applications running in
2458: .Nm .
2459: Attached clients should be detached and attached again after changing this
2460: option.
2461: .It Ic history-file Ar path
2462: If not empty, a file to which
2463: .Nm
2464: will write command prompt history on exit and load it from on start.
2465: .It Ic message-limit Ar number
2466: Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for
2467: each client.
2468: The default is 100.
2469: .It Xo Ic set-clipboard
2470: .Op Ic on | off
2471: .Xc
2472: Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the
2473: \ee]52;...\e007
2474: .Xr xterm 1
2475: escape sequences.
2476: This option is on by default if there is an
2477: .Em \&Ms
2478: entry in the
2479: .Xr terminfo 5
2480: description for the client terminal.
2481: Note that this feature needs to be enabled in
2482: .Xr xterm 1
2483: by setting the resource:
2484: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2485: disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop
2486: .Ed
2487: .Pp
2488: Or changing this property from the
2489: .Xr xterm 1
2490: interactive menu when required.
2491: .It Ic terminal-overrides[] Ar string
2492: Allow terminal descriptions read using
2493: .Xr terminfo 5
2494: to be overridden.
2495: Each entry is a colon-separated string made up of a terminal type pattern
2496: (matched using
2497: .Xr fnmatch 3 )
2498: and a set of
2499: .Em name=value
2500: entries.
2501: .Pp
2502: For example, to set the
2503: .Ql clear
2504: .Xr terminfo 5
2505: entry to
2506: .Ql \ee[H\ee[2J
2507: for all terminal types matching
2508: .Ql rxvt* :
2509: .Pp
2510: .Dl "rxvt*:clear=\ee[H\ee[2J"
2511: .Pp
2512: The terminal entry value is passed through
2513: .Xr strunvis 3
2514: before interpretation.
2515: .El
2516: .Pp
2517: Available session options are:
2518: .Bl -tag -width Ds
2519: .It Ic assume-paste-time Ar milliseconds
2520: If keys are entered faster than one in
2521: .Ar milliseconds ,
2522: they are assumed to have been pasted rather than typed and
2523: .Nm
2524: key bindings are not processed.
2525: The default is one millisecond and zero disables.
2526: .It Ic base-index Ar index
2527: Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new
2528: window is created.
2529: The default is zero.
2530: .It Xo Ic bell-action
2531: .Op Ic any | none | current | other
2532: .Xc
2533: Set action on window bell.
2534: .Ic any
2535: means a bell in any window linked to a session causes a bell in the current
2536: window of that session,
2537: .Ic none
2538: means all bells are ignored,
2539: .Ic current
2540: means only bells in windows other than the current window are ignored and
2541: .Ic other
2542: means bells in the current window are ignored but not those in other windows.
2543: .It Xo Ic bell-on-alert
2544: .Op Ic on | off
2545: .Xc
2546: If on, ring the terminal bell when an alert
2547: occurs.
2548: .It Ic default-command Ar shell-command
2549: Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is
2550: created) to
2551: .Ar shell-command ,
2552: which may be any
2553: .Xr sh 1
2554: command.
2555: The default is an empty string, which instructs
2556: .Nm
2557: to create a login shell using the value of the
2558: .Ic default-shell
2559: option.
2560: .It Ic default-shell Ar path
2561: Specify the default shell.
2562: This is used as the login shell for new windows when the
2563: .Ic default-command
2564: option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable.
2565: When started
2566: .Nm
2567: tries to set a default value from the first suitable of the
2568: .Ev SHELL
2569: environment variable, the shell returned by
2570: .Xr getpwuid 3 ,
2571: or
2572: .Pa /bin/sh .
2573: This option should be configured when
2574: .Nm
2575: is used as a login shell.
2576: .It Xo Ic destroy-unattached
2577: .Op Ic on | off
2578: .Xc
2579: If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any clients, it is
2580: destroyed.
2581: .It Xo Ic detach-on-destroy
2582: .Op Ic on | off
2583: .Xc
2584: If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to
2585: is destroyed.
2586: If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the remaining
2587: sessions.
2588: .It Ic display-panes-active-colour Ar colour
2589: Set the colour used by the
2590: .Ic display-panes
2591: command to show the indicator for the active pane.
2592: .It Ic display-panes-colour Ar colour
2593: Set the colour used by the
2594: .Ic display-panes
2595: command to show the indicators for inactive panes.
2596: .It Ic display-panes-time Ar time
2597: Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the
2598: .Ic display-panes
2599: command appear.
2600: .It Ic display-time Ar time
2601: Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen
2602: indicators are displayed.
2603: If set to 0, messages and indicators are displayed until a key is pressed.
2604: .Ar time
2605: is in milliseconds.
2606: .It Ic history-limit Ar lines
2607: Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
2608: This setting applies only to new windows - existing window histories are not
2609: resized and retain the limit at the point they were created.
2610: .It Ic key-table Ar key-table
2611: Set the default key table to
2612: .Ar key-table
2613: instead of
2614: .Em root .
2615: .It Ic lock-after-time Ar number
2616: Lock the session (like the
2617: .Ic lock-session
2618: command) after
2619: .Ar number
2620: seconds of inactivity.
2621: The default is not to lock (set to 0).
2622: .It Ic lock-command Ar shell-command
2623: Command to run when locking each client.
2624: The default is to run
2625: .Xr lock 1
2626: with
2627: .Fl np .
2628: .It Ic message-command-style Ar style
2629: Set status line message command style, where
2630: .Ar style
2631: is a comma-separated list of characteristics to be specified.
2632: .Pp
2633: These may be
2634: .Ql bg=colour
2635: to set the background colour,
2636: .Ql fg=colour
2637: to set the foreground colour, and a list of attributes as specified below.
2638: .Pp
2639: The colour is one of:
2640: .Ic black ,
2641: .Ic red ,
2642: .Ic green ,
2643: .Ic yellow ,
2644: .Ic blue ,
2645: .Ic magenta ,
2646: .Ic cyan ,
2647: .Ic white ,
2648: aixterm bright variants (if supported:
2649: .Ic brightred ,
2650: .Ic brightgreen ,
2651: and so on),
2652: .Ic colour0
2653: to
2654: .Ic colour255
2655: from the 256-colour set,
2656: .Ic default ,
2657: or a hexadecimal RGB string such as
2658: .Ql #ffffff ,
2659: which chooses the closest match from the default 256-colour set.
2660: .Pp
2661: The attributes is either
2662: .Ic none
2663: or a comma-delimited list of one or more of:
2664: .Ic bright
2665: (or
2666: .Ic bold ) ,
2667: .Ic dim ,
2668: .Ic underscore ,
2669: .Ic blink ,
2670: .Ic reverse ,
2671: .Ic hidden ,
2672: .Ic italics ,
2673: or
2674: .Ic strikethrough
2675: to turn an attribute on, or an attribute prefixed with
2676: .Ql no
2677: to turn one off.
2678: .Pp
2679: Examples are:
2680: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2681: fg=yellow,bold,underscore,blink
2682: bg=black,fg=default,noreverse
2683: .Ed
2684: .Pp
2685: With the
2686: .Fl a
2687: flag to the
2688: .Ic set-option
2689: command the new style is added otherwise the existing style is replaced.
2690: .It Ic message-style Ar style
2691: Set status line message style.
2692: For how to specify
2693: .Ar style ,
2694: see the
2695: .Ic message-command-style
2696: option.
2697: .It Xo Ic mouse
2698: .Op Ic on | off
2699: .Xc
2700: If on,
2701: .Nm
2702: captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be bound as key bindings.
2703: See the
2704: .Sx MOUSE SUPPORT
2705: section for details.
2706: .It Ic prefix Ar key
2707: Set the key accepted as a prefix key.
2708: In addition to the standard keys described under
2709: .Sx KEY BINDINGS ,
2710: .Ic prefix
2711: can be set to the special key
2712: .Ql None
2713: to set no prefix.
2714: .It Ic prefix2 Ar key
2715: Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.
2716: Like
2717: .Ic prefix ,
2718: .Ic prefix2
2719: can be set to
2720: .Ql None .
2721: .It Xo Ic renumber-windows
2722: .Op Ic on | off
2723: .Xc
2724: If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically renumber the other
2725: windows in numerical order.
2726: This respects the
2727: .Ic base-index
2728: option if it has been set.
2729: If off, do not renumber the windows.
2730: .It Ic repeat-time Ar time
2731: Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key again
2732: in the specified
2733: .Ar time
2734: milliseconds (the default is 500).
2735: Whether a key repeats may be set when it is bound using the
2736: .Fl r
2737: flag to
2738: .Ic bind-key .
2739: Repeat is enabled for the default keys bound to the
2740: .Ic resize-pane
2741: command.
2742: .It Xo Ic set-titles
2743: .Op Ic on | off
2744: .Xc
2745: Attempt to set the client terminal title using the
2746: .Em tsl
2747: and
2748: .Em fsl
2749: .Xr terminfo 5
2750: entries if they exist.
2751: .Nm
2752: automatically sets these to the \ee]0;...\e007 sequence if
2753: the terminal appears to be
2754: .Xr xterm 1 .
2755: This option is off by default.
2756: .It Ic set-titles-string Ar string
2757: String used to set the window title if
2758: .Ic set-titles
2759: is on.
2760: Formats are expanded, see the
2761: .Sx FORMATS
2762: section.
2763: .It Xo Ic status
2764: .Op Ic on | off
2765: .Xc
2766: Show or hide the status line.
2767: .It Ic status-interval Ar interval
2768: Update the status line every
2769: .Ar interval
2770: seconds.
2771: By default, updates will occur every 15 seconds.
2772: A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.
2773: .It Xo Ic status-justify
2774: .Op Ic left | centre | right
2775: .Xc
2776: Set the position of the window list component of the status line: left, centre
2777: or right justified.
2778: .It Xo Ic status-keys
2779: .Op Ic vi | emacs
2780: .Xc
2781: Use vi or emacs-style
2782: key bindings in the status line, for example at the command prompt.
2783: The default is emacs, unless the
2784: .Ev VISUAL
2785: or
2786: .Ev EDITOR
2787: environment variables are set and contain the string
2788: .Ql vi .
2789: .It Ic status-left Ar string
2790: Display
2791: .Ar string
2792: (by default the session name) to the left of the status line.
2793: .Ar string
2794: will be passed through
2795: .Xr strftime 3
2796: and formats (see
2797: .Sx FORMATS )
2798: will be expanded.
2799: It may also contain the special character sequence #[] to change the colour
2800: or attributes, for example
2801: .Ql #[fg=red,bright]
2802: to set a bright red foreground.
2803: See the
2804: .Ic message-command-style
2805: option for a description of colours and attributes.
2806: .Pp
2807: For details on how the names and titles can be set see the
2808: .Sx "NAMES AND TITLES"
2809: section.
2810: .Pp
2811: Examples are:
2812: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2813: #(sysctl vm.loadavg)
2814: #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
2815: .Ed
2816: .Pp
2817: The default is
2818: .Ql "[#S] " .
2819: .It Ic status-left-length Ar length
2820: Set the maximum
2821: .Ar length
2822: of the left component of the status line.
2823: The default is 10.
2824: .It Ic status-left-style Ar style
2825: Set the style of the left part of the status line.
2826: For how to specify
2827: .Ar style ,
2828: see the
2829: .Ic message-command-style
2830: option.
2831: .It Xo Ic status-position
2832: .Op Ic top | bottom
2833: .Xc
2834: Set the position of the status line.
2835: .It Ic status-right Ar string
2836: Display
2837: .Ar string
2838: to the right of the status line.
2839: By default, the current window title in double quotes, the date and the time
2840: are shown.
2841: As with
2842: .Ic status-left ,
2843: .Ar string
2844: will be passed to
2845: .Xr strftime 3
2846: and character pairs are replaced.
2847: .It Ic status-right-length Ar length
2848: Set the maximum
2849: .Ar length
2850: of the right component of the status line.
2851: The default is 40.
2852: .It Ic status-right-style Ar style
2853: Set the style of the right part of the status line.
2854: For how to specify
2855: .Ar style ,
2856: see the
2857: .Ic message-command-style
2858: option.
2859: .It Ic status-style Ar style
2860: Set status line style.
2861: For how to specify
2862: .Ar style ,
2863: see the
2864: .Ic message-command-style
2865: option.
2866: .It Ic update-environment[] Ar variable
2867: Set list of environment variables to be copied into the session environment
2868: when a new session is created or an existing session is attached.
2869: Any variables that do not exist in the source environment are set to be
2870: removed from the session environment (as if
2871: .Fl r
2872: was given to the
2873: .Ic set-environment
2874: command).
2875: .It Xo Ic visual-activity
2876: .Op Ic on | off
2877: .Xc
2878: If on, display a status line message when activity occurs in a window
2879: for which the
2880: .Ic monitor-activity
2881: window option is enabled.
2882: .It Xo Ic visual-bell
2883: .Op Ic on | off
2884: .Xc
2885: If this option is on, a message is shown on a bell instead of it being passed
2886: through to the terminal (which normally makes a sound).
2887: Also see the
2888: .Ic bell-action
2889: option.
2890: .It Xo Ic visual-silence
2891: .Op Ic on | off
2892: .Xc
2893: If
2894: .Ic monitor-silence
2895: is enabled, prints a message after the interval has expired on a given window.
2896: .It Ic word-separators Ar string
2897: Sets the session's conception of what characters are considered word
2898: separators, for the purposes of the next and previous word commands in
2899: copy mode.
2900: The default is
2901: .Ql \ -_@ .
2902: .El
2903: .It Xo Ic set-window-option
2904: .Op Fl agoqu
2905: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
2906: .Ar option Ar value
2907: .Xc
2908: .D1 (alias: Ic setw )
2909: Set a window option.
2910: The
2911: .Fl a ,
2912: .Fl g ,
2913: .Fl o ,
2914: .Fl q
2915: and
2916: .Fl u
2917: flags work similarly to the
2918: .Ic set-option
2919: command.
2920: .Pp
2921: Supported window options are:
2922: .Pp
2923: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
2924: .It Xo Ic aggressive-resize
2925: .Op Ic on | off
2926: .Xc
2927: Aggressively resize the chosen window.
2928: This means that
2929: .Nm
2930: will resize the window to the size of the smallest session for which it is the
2931: current window, rather than the smallest session to which it is attached.
2932: The window may resize when the current window is changed on another sessions;
2933: this option is good for full-screen programs which support
2934: .Dv SIGWINCH
2935: and poor for interactive programs such as shells.
2936: .Pp
2937: .It Xo Ic allow-rename
2938: .Op Ic on | off
2939: .Xc
2940: Allow programs to change the window name using a terminal escape
2941: sequence (\eek...\ee\e\e).
2942: The default is on.
2943: .Pp
2944: .It Xo Ic alternate-screen
2945: .Op Ic on | off
2946: .Xc
2947: This option configures whether programs running inside
2948: .Nm
2949: may use the terminal alternate screen feature, which allows the
2950: .Em smcup
2951: and
2952: .Em rmcup
2953: .Xr terminfo 5
2954: capabilities.
2955: The alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when an
2956: interactive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any output
2957: visible before the application starts reappears unchanged after it exits.
2958: The default is on.
2959: .Pp
2960: .It Xo Ic automatic-rename
2961: .Op Ic on | off
2962: .Xc
2963: Control automatic window renaming.
2964: When this setting is enabled,
2965: .Nm
2966: will rename the window automatically using the format specified by
2967: .Ic automatic-rename-format .
2968: This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name
2969: is specified at creation with
2970: .Ic new-window
2971: or
2972: .Ic new-session ,
2973: or later with
2974: .Ic rename-window ,
2975: or with a terminal escape sequence.
2976: It may be switched off globally with:
2977: .Bd -literal -offset indent
2978: set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
2979: .Ed
2980: .Pp
2981: .It Ic automatic-rename-format Ar format
2982: The format (see
2983: .Sx FORMATS )
2984: used when the
2985: .Ic automatic-rename
2986: option is enabled.
2987: .Pp
2988: .It Ic clock-mode-colour Ar colour
2989: Set clock colour.
2990: .Pp
2991: .It Xo Ic clock-mode-style
2992: .Op Ic 12 | 24
2993: .Xc
2994: Set clock hour format.
2995: .Pp
2996: .It Ic force-height Ar height
2997: .It Ic force-width Ar width
2998: Prevent
2999: .Nm
3000: from resizing a window to greater than
3001: .Ar width
3002: or
3003: .Ar height .
3004: A value of zero restores the default unlimited setting.
3005: .Pp
3006: .It Ic main-pane-height Ar height
3007: .It Ic main-pane-width Ar width
3008: Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the
3009: .Ic main-horizontal
3010: or
3011: .Ic main-vertical
3012: layouts.
3013: .Pp
3014: .It Xo Ic mode-keys
3015: .Op Ic vi | emacs
3016: .Xc
3017: Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode.
3018: The default is emacs, unless
3019: .Ev VISUAL
3020: or
3021: .Ev EDITOR
3022: contains
3023: .Ql vi .
3024: .Pp
3025: .It Ic mode-style Ar style
3026: Set window modes style.
3027: For how to specify
3028: .Ar style ,
3029: see the
3030: .Ic message-command-style
3031: option.
3032: .Pp
3033: .It Xo Ic monitor-activity
3034: .Op Ic on | off
3035: .Xc
3036: Monitor for activity in the window.
3037: Windows with activity are highlighted in the status line.
3038: .Pp
3039: .It Xo Ic monitor-silence
3040: .Op Ic interval
3041: .Xc
3042: Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within
3043: .Ic interval
3044: seconds.
3045: Windows that have been silent for the interval are highlighted in the
3046: status line.
3047: An interval of zero disables the monitoring.
3048: .Pp
3049: .It Ic other-pane-height Ar height
3050: Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the
3051: .Ic main-horizontal
3052: layout.
3053: If this option is set to 0 (the default), it will have no effect.
3054: If both the
3055: .Ic main-pane-height
3056: and
3057: .Ic other-pane-height
3058: options are set, the main pane will grow taller to make the other panes the
3059: specified height, but will never shrink to do so.
3060: .Pp
3061: .It Ic other-pane-width Ar width
3062: Like
3063: .Ic other-pane-height ,
3064: but set the width of other panes in the
3065: .Ic main-vertical
3066: layout.
3067: .Pp
3068: .It Ic pane-active-border-style Ar style
3069: Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.
3070: For how to specify
3071: .Ar style ,
3072: see the
3073: .Ic message-command-style
3074: option.
3075: Attributes are ignored.
3076: .Pp
3077: .It Ic pane-base-index Ar index
3078: Like
3079: .Ic base-index ,
3080: but set the starting index for pane numbers.
3081: .Pp
3082: .It Ic pane-border-format Ar format
3083: Set the text shown in pane border status lines.
3084: .Pp
3085: .It Xo Ic pane-border-status
3086: .Op Ic off | top | bottom
3087: .Xc
3088: Turn pane border status lines off or set their position.
3089: .Pp
3090: .It Ic pane-border-style Ar style
3091: Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active pane.
3092: For how to specify
3093: .Ar style ,
3094: see the
3095: .Ic message-command-style
3096: option.
3097: Attributes are ignored.
3098: .Pp
3099: .It Xo Ic remain-on-exit
3100: .Op Ic on | off
3101: .Xc
3102: A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running in it
3103: exits.
3104: The window may be reactivated with the
3105: .Ic respawn-window
3106: command.
3107: .Pp
3108: .It Xo Ic synchronize-panes
3109: .Op Ic on | off
3110: .Xc
3111: Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in the same window (only
3112: for panes that are not in any special mode).
3113: .Pp
3114: .It Ic window-active-style Ar style
3115: Set the style for the window's active pane.
3116: For how to specify
3117: .Ar style ,
3118: see the
3119: .Ic message-command-style
3120: option.
3121: .Pp
3122: .It Ic window-status-activity-style Ar style
3123: Set status line style for windows with an activity alert.
3124: For how to specify
3125: .Ar style ,
3126: see the
3127: .Ic message-command-style
3128: option.
3129: .Pp
3130: .It Ic window-status-bell-style Ar style
3131: Set status line style for windows with a bell alert.
3132: For how to specify
3133: .Ar style ,
3134: see the
3135: .Ic message-command-style
3136: option.
3137: .Pp
3138: .It Ic window-status-current-format Ar string
3139: Like
3140: .Ar window-status-format ,
3141: but is the format used when the window is the current window.
3142: .Pp
3143: .It Ic window-status-current-style Ar style
3144: Set status line style for the currently active window.
3145: For how to specify
3146: .Ar style ,
3147: see the
3148: .Ic message-command-style
3149: option.
3150: .Pp
3151: .It Ic window-status-format Ar string
3152: Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list.
3153: See the
3154: .Ar status-left
3155: option for details of special character sequences available.
3156: The default is
3157: .Ql #I:#W#F .
3158: .Pp
3159: .It Ic window-status-last-style Ar style
3160: Set status line style for the last active window.
3161: For how to specify
3162: .Ar style ,
3163: see the
3164: .Ic message-command-style
3165: option.
3166: .Pp
3167: .It Ic window-status-separator Ar string
3168: Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line.
3169: The default is a single space character.
3170: .Pp
3171: .It Ic window-status-style Ar style
3172: Set status line style for a single window.
3173: For how to specify
3174: .Ar style ,
3175: see the
3176: .Ic message-command-style
3177: option.
3178: .Pp
3179: .It Ic window-style Ar style
3180: Set the default window style.
3181: For how to specify
3182: .Ar style ,
3183: see the
3184: .Ic message-command-style
3185: option.
3186: .Pp
3187: .It Xo Ic wrap-search
3188: .Op Ic on | off
3189: .Xc
3190: If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of the pane contents.
3191: The default is on.
3192: .Pp
3193: .It Xo Ic xterm-keys
3194: .Op Ic on | off
3195: .Xc
3196: If this option is set,
3197: .Nm
3198: will generate
3199: .Xr xterm 1 -style
3200: function key sequences; these have a number included to indicate modifiers such
3201: as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
3202: The default is off.
3203: .El
3204: .It Xo Ic show-options
3205: .Op Fl gqsvw
3206: .Op Fl t Ar target-session | Ar target-window
3207: .Op Ar option
3208: .Xc
3209: .D1 (alias: Ic show )
3210: Show the window options (or a single window option if given) with
3211: .Fl w
3212: (equivalent to
3213: .Ic show-window-options ) ,
3214: the server options with
3215: .Fl s ,
3216: otherwise the session options for
3217: .Ar target session .
3218: Global session or window options are listed if
3219: .Fl g
3220: is used.
3221: .Fl v
3222: shows only the option value, not the name.
3223: If
3224: .Fl q
3225: is set, no error will be returned if
3226: .Ar option
3227: is unset.
3228: .It Xo Ic show-window-options
3229: .Op Fl gv
3230: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
3231: .Op Ar option
3232: .Xc
3233: .D1 (alias: Ic showw )
3234: List the window options or a single option for
3235: .Ar target-window ,
3236: or the global window options if
3237: .Fl g
3238: is used.
3239: .Fl v
3240: shows only the option value, not the name.
3241: .El
3242: .Sh HOOKS
3243: .Nm
3244: allows commands to run on various triggers, called
3245: .Em hooks .
3246: Most
3247: .Nm
3248: commands have an
3249: .Em after
3250: hook and there are a number of hooks not associated with commands.
3251: .Pp
3252: A command's after
3253: hook is run after it completes, except when the command is run as part of a hook
3254: itself.
3255: They are named with an
3256: .Ql after-
3257: prefix.
3258: For example, the following command adds a hook to select the even-vertical
3259: layout after every
3260: .Ic split-window :
3261: .Bd -literal -offset indent
3262: set-hook after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"
3263: .Ed
3264: .Pp
3265: In addition, the following hooks are available:
3266: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
3267: .It alert-activity
3268: Run when a window has activity.
3269: See
3270: .Ic monitor-activity .
3271: .It alert-bell
3272: Run when a window has received a bell.
3273: .It alert-silence
3274: Run when a window has been silent.
3275: See
3276: .Ic monitor-silence .
3277: .It client-attached
3278: Run when a client is attached.
3279: .It client-detached
3280: Run when a client is detached
3281: .It client-resized
3282: Run when a client is resized.
3283: .It client-session-changed
3284: Run when a client's attached session is changed.
3285: .It pane-died
3286: Run when the program running in a pane exits, but
3287: .Ic remain-on-exit
3288: is on so the pane has not closed.
3289: .It pane-exited
3290: Run when the program running in a pane exits.
3291: .It session-created
3292: Run when a new session created.
3293: .It session-closed
3294: Run when a session closed.
3295: .It session-renamed
3296: Run when a session is renamed.
3297: .It window-linked
3298: Run when a window is linked into a session.
3299: .It window-renamed
3300: Run when a window is renamed.
3301: .It window-unlinked
3302: Run when a window is unlinked from a session.
3303: .El
3304: .Pp
3305: Hooks are managed with these commands:
3306: .Bl -tag -width Ds
3307: .It Xo Ic set-hook
3308: .Op Fl gu
3309: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
3310: .Ar hook-name
3311: .Ar command
3312: .Xc
3313: Sets (or with
3314: .Fl u
3315: unsets) hook
3316: .Ar hook-name
3317: to
3318: .Ar command .
3319: If
3320: .Fl g
3321: is given,
3322: .Em hook-name
3323: is added to the global list of hooks, otherwise it is added to the session
3324: hooks (for
3325: .Ar target-session
3326: with
3327: .Fl t ) .
3328: Like options, session hooks inherit from the global ones.
3329: .It Xo Ic show-hooks
3330: .Op Fl g
3331: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
3332: .Xc
3333: Shows the global list of hooks with
3334: .Fl g ,
3335: otherwise the session hooks.
3336: .El
3337: .Sh MOUSE SUPPORT
3338: If the
3339: .Ic mouse
3340: option is on (the default is off),
3341: .Nm
3342: allows mouse events to be bound as keys.
3343: The name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as
3344: .Ql MouseUp1 )
3345: and a location suffix (one of
3346: .Ql Pane
3347: for the contents of a pane,
3348: .Ql Border
3349: for a pane border or
3350: .Ql Status
3351: for the status line).
3352: The following mouse events are available:
3353: .Bl -column "MouseDown1" "MouseDrag1" "WheelDown" -offset indent
3354: .It Li "WheelUp" Ta "WheelDown" Ta ""
3355: .It Li "MouseDown1" Ta "MouseUp1" Ta "MouseDrag1" Ta "MouseDragEnd1"
3356: .It Li "MouseDown2" Ta "MouseUp2" Ta "MouseDrag2" Ta "MouseDragEnd2"
3357: .It Li "MouseDown3" Ta "MouseUp3" Ta "MouseDrag3" Ta "MouseDragEnd3"
3358: .It Li "DoubleClick1" Ta "DoubleClick2" Ta "DoubleClick3" Ta "WheelUp"
3359: .It Li "TripleClick1" Ta "TripleClick2" Ta "TripleClick3" Ta "WheelDown"
3360: .El
3361: .Pp
3362: Each should be suffixed with a location, for example
3363: .Ql MouseDown1Status .
3364: .Pp
3365: The special token
3366: .Ql {mouse}
3367: or
3368: .Ql =
3369: may be used as
3370: .Ar target-window
3371: or
3372: .Ar target-pane
3373: in commands bound to mouse key bindings.
3374: It resolves to the window or pane over which the mouse event took place
3375: (for example, the window in the status line over which button 1 was released for a
3376: .Ql MouseUp1Status
3377: binding, or the pane over which the wheel was scrolled for a
3378: .Ql WheelDownPane
3379: binding).
3380: .Pp
3381: The
3382: .Ic send-keys
3383: .Fl M
3384: flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.
3385: .Pp
3386: The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and resize panes,
3387: to copy text and to change window using the status line.
3388: These take effect if the
3389: .Ic mouse
3390: option is turned on.
3391: .Sh FORMATS
3392: Certain commands accept the
3393: .Fl F
3394: flag with a
3395: .Ar format
3396: argument.
3397: This is a string which controls the output format of the command.
3398: Replacement variables are enclosed in
3399: .Ql #{
3400: and
3401: .Ql } ,
3402: for example
3403: .Ql #{session_name} .
3404: The possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a
3405: .Nm
3406: option may be used for an option's value.
3407: Some variables have a shorter alias such as
3408: .Ql #S ,
3409: and
3410: .Ql ##
3411: is replaced by a single
3412: .Ql # .
3413: .Pp
3414: Conditionals are available by prefixing with
3415: .Ql \&?
3416: and separating two alternatives with a comma;
3417: if the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first alternative
3418: is chosen, otherwise the second is used.
3419: For example
3420: .Ql #{?session_attached,attached,not attached}
3421: will include the string
3422: .Ql attached
3423: if the session is attached and the string
3424: .Ql not attached
3425: if it is unattached, or
3426: .Ql #{?automatic-rename,yes,no}
3427: will include
3428: .Ql yes
3429: if
3430: .Ic automatic-rename
3431: is enabled, or
3432: .Ql no
3433: if not.
3434: .Pp
3435: Simple comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated
3436: alternatives by
3437: .Ql ==
3438: or
3439: .Ql !=
3440: and a colon.
3441: For example
3442: .Ql #{==,#{host},myhost}
3443: will be replaced by
3444: .Ql 1
3445: if running on
3446: .Ql myhost ,
3447: otherwise by
3448: .Ql 0.
3449: .Pp
3450: A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by prefixing it
3451: by an
3452: .Ql = ,
3453: a number and a colon.
3454: Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from the end,
3455: so
3456: .Ql #{=5:pane_title}
3457: will include at most the first 5 characters of the pane title, or
3458: .Ql #{=-5:pane_title}
3459: the last 5 characters.
3460: Prefixing a time variable with
3461: .Ql t:
3462: will convert it to a string, so if
3463: .Ql #{window_activity}
3464: gives
3465: .Ql 1445765102 ,
3466: .Ql #{t:window_activity}
3467: gives
3468: .Ql Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015 .
3469: The
3470: .Ql b:
3471: and
3472: .Ql d:
3473: prefixes are
3474: .Xr basename 3
3475: and
3476: .Xr dirname 3
3477: of the variable respectively.
3478: A prefix of the form
3479: .Ql s/foo/bar/:
3480: will substitute
3481: .Ql foo
3482: with
3483: .Ql bar
3484: throughout.
3485: .Pp
3486: In addition, the first line of a shell command's output may be inserted using
3487: .Ql #() .
3488: For example,
3489: .Ql #(uptime)
3490: will insert the system's uptime.
3491: When constructing formats,
3492: .Nm
3493: does not wait for
3494: .Ql #()
3495: commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running the same command is used,
3496: or a placeholder if the command has not been run before.
3497: Commands are executed with the
3498: .Nm
3499: global environment set (see the
3500: .Sx ENVIRONMENT
3501: section).
3502: .Pp
3503: The following variables are available, where appropriate:
3504: .Bl -column "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "XXXXX"
3505: .It Sy "Variable name" Ta Sy "Alias" Ta Sy "Replaced with"
3506: .It Li "alternate_on" Ta "" Ta "If pane is in alternate screen"
3507: .It Li "alternate_saved_x" Ta "" Ta "Saved cursor X in alternate screen"
3508: .It Li "alternate_saved_y" Ta "" Ta "Saved cursor Y in alternate screen"
3509: .It Li "buffer_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of buffer"
3510: .It Li "buffer_sample" Ta "" Ta "Sample of start of buffer"
3511: .It Li "buffer_size" Ta "" Ta "Size of the specified buffer in bytes"
3512: .It Li "client_activity" Ta "" Ta "Integer time client last had activity"
3513: .It Li "client_created" Ta "" Ta "Integer time client created"
3514: .It Li "client_control_mode" Ta "" Ta "1 if client is in control mode"
3515: .It Li "client_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of client"
3516: .It Li "client_key_table" Ta "" Ta "Current key table"
3517: .It Li "client_last_session" Ta "" Ta "Name of the client's last session"
3518: .It Li "client_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of client"
3519: .It Li "client_pid" Ta "" Ta "PID of client process"
3520: .It Li "client_prefix" Ta "" Ta "1 if prefix key has been pressed"
3521: .It Li "client_readonly" Ta "" Ta "1 if client is readonly"
3522: .It Li "client_session" Ta "" Ta "Name of the client's session"
3523: .It Li "client_termname" Ta "" Ta "Terminal name of client"
3524: .It Li "client_termtype" Ta "" Ta "Terminal type of client"
3525: .It Li "client_tty" Ta "" Ta "Pseudo terminal of client"
3526: .It Li "client_utf8" Ta "" Ta "1 if client supports utf8"
3527: .It Li "client_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of client"
3528: .It Li "client_written" Ta "" Ta "Bytes written to client"
3529: .It Li "command" Ta "" Ta "Name of command in use, if any"
3530: .It Li "command_list_name" Ta "" Ta "Command name if listing commands"
3531: .It Li "command_list_alias" Ta "" Ta "Command alias if listing commands"
3532: .It Li "command_list_usage" Ta "" Ta "Command usage if listing commands"
3533: .It Li "cursor_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane cursor flag"
3534: .It Li "cursor_x" Ta "" Ta "Cursor X position in pane"
3535: .It Li "cursor_y" Ta "" Ta "Cursor Y position in pane"
3536: .It Li "history_bytes" Ta "" Ta "Number of bytes in window history"
3537: .It Li "history_limit" Ta "" Ta "Maximum window history lines"
3538: .It Li "history_size" Ta "" Ta "Size of history in bytes"
3539: .It Li "hook" Ta "" Ta "Name of running hook, if any"
3540: .It Li "hook_pane" Ta "" Ta "ID of pane where hook was run, if any"
3541: .It Li "hook_session" Ta "" Ta "ID of session where hook was run, if any"
3542: .It Li "hook_session_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of session where hook was run, if any"
3543: .It Li "hook_window" Ta "" Ta "ID of window where hook was run, if any"
3544: .It Li "hook_window_name" Ta "" Ta "Name of window where hook was run, if any"
3545: .It Li "host" Ta "#H" Ta "Hostname of local host"
3546: .It Li "host_short" Ta "#h" Ta "Hostname of local host (no domain name)"
3547: .It Li "insert_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane insert flag"
3548: .It Li "keypad_cursor_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane keypad cursor flag"
3549: .It Li "keypad_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane keypad flag"
3550: .It Li "line" Ta "" Ta "Line number in the list"
3551: .It Li "mouse_any_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse any flag"
3552: .It Li "mouse_button_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse button flag"
3553: .It Li "mouse_standard_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse standard flag"
3554: .It Li "mouse_all_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane mouse all flag"
3555: .It Li "pane_active" Ta "" Ta "1 if active pane"
3556: .It Li "pane_bottom" Ta "" Ta "Bottom of pane"
3557: .It Li "pane_current_command" Ta "" Ta "Current command if available"
3558: .It Li "pane_current_path" Ta "" Ta "Current path if available"
3559: .It Li "pane_dead" Ta "" Ta "1 if pane is dead"
3560: .It Li "pane_dead_status" Ta "" Ta "Exit status of process in dead pane"
3561: .It Li "pane_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of pane"
3562: .It Li "pane_id" Ta "#D" Ta "Unique pane ID"
3563: .It Li "pane_in_mode" Ta "" Ta "If pane is in a mode"
3564: .It Li "pane_input_off" Ta "" Ta "If input to pane is disabled"
3565: .It Li "pane_index" Ta "#P" Ta "Index of pane"
3566: .It Li "pane_left" Ta "" Ta "Left of pane"
3567: .It Li "pane_pid" Ta "" Ta "PID of first process in pane"
3568: .It Li "pane_right" Ta "" Ta "Right of pane"
3569: .It Li "pane_start_command" Ta "" Ta "Command pane started with"
3570: .It Li "pane_synchronized" Ta "" Ta "If pane is synchronized"
3571: .It Li "pane_tabs" Ta "" Ta "Pane tab positions"
3572: .It Li "pane_title" Ta "#T" Ta "Title of pane"
3573: .It Li "pane_top" Ta "" Ta "Top of pane"
3574: .It Li "pane_tty" Ta "" Ta "Pseudo terminal of pane"
3575: .It Li "pane_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of pane"
3576: .It Li "pid" Ta "" Ta "Server PID"
3577: .It Li "scroll_region_lower" Ta "" Ta "Bottom of scroll region in pane"
3578: .It Li "scroll_region_upper" Ta "" Ta "Top of scroll region in pane"
3579: .It Li "scroll_position" Ta "" Ta "Scroll position in copy mode"
3580: .It Li "session_alerts" Ta "" Ta "List of window indexes with alerts"
3581: .It Li "session_attached" Ta "" Ta "Number of clients session is attached to"
3582: .It Li "session_activity" Ta "" Ta "Integer time of session last activity"
3583: .It Li "session_created" Ta "" Ta "Integer time session created"
3584: .It Li "session_last_attached" Ta "" Ta "Integer time session last attached"
3585: .It Li "session_group" Ta "" Ta "Name of session group"
3586: .It Li "session_grouped" Ta "" Ta "1 if session in a group"
3587: .It Li "session_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of session"
3588: .It Li "session_id" Ta "" Ta "Unique session ID"
3589: .It Li "session_many_attached" Ta "" Ta "1 if multiple clients attached"
3590: .It Li "session_name" Ta "#S" Ta "Name of session"
3591: .It Li "session_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of session"
3592: .It Li "session_windows" Ta "" Ta "Number of windows in session"
3593: .It Li "socket_path" Ta "" Ta "Server socket path"
3594: .It Li "start_time" Ta "" Ta "Server start time"
3595: .It Li "version" Ta "" Ta "Server version"
3596: .It Li "window_activity" Ta "" Ta "Integer time of window last activity"
3597: .It Li "window_activity_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has activity"
3598: .It Li "window_active" Ta "" Ta "1 if window active"
3599: .It Li "window_bell_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has bell"
3600: .It Li "window_find_matches" Ta "" Ta "Matched data from the find-window"
3601: .It Li "window_flags" Ta "#F" Ta "Window flags"
3602: .It Li "window_height" Ta "" Ta "Height of window"
3603: .It Li "window_id" Ta "" Ta "Unique window ID"
3604: .It Li "window_index" Ta "#I" Ta "Index of window"
3605: .It Li "window_last_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is the last used"
3606: .It Li "window_layout" Ta "" Ta "Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes"
3607: .It Li "window_linked" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is linked across sessions"
3608: .It Li "window_name" Ta "#W" Ta "Name of window"
3609: .It Li "window_panes" Ta "" Ta "Number of panes in window"
3610: .It Li "window_silence_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window has silence alert"
3611: .It Li "window_visible_layout" Ta "" Ta "Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes"
3612: .It Li "window_width" Ta "" Ta "Width of window"
3613: .It Li "window_zoomed_flag" Ta "" Ta "1 if window is zoomed"
3614: .It Li "wrap_flag" Ta "" Ta "Pane wrap flag"
3615: .El
3616: .Sh NAMES AND TITLES
3617: .Nm
3618: distinguishes between names and titles.
3619: Windows and sessions have names, which may be used to specify them in targets
3620: and are displayed in the status line and various lists: the name is the
3621: .Nm
3622: identifier for a window or session.
3623: Only panes have titles.
3624: A pane's title is typically set by the program running inside the pane and
3625: is not modified by
3626: .Nm .
3627: It is the same mechanism used to set for example the
3628: .Xr xterm 1
3629: window title in an
3630: .Xr X 7
3631: window manager.
3632: Windows themselves do not have titles - a window's title is the title of its
3633: active pane.
3634: .Nm
3635: itself may set the title of the terminal in which the client is running, see
3636: the
3637: .Ic set-titles
3638: option.
3639: .Pp
3640: A session's name is set with the
3641: .Ic new-session
3642: and
3643: .Ic rename-session
3644: commands.
3645: A window's name is set with one of:
3646: .Bl -enum -width Ds
3647: .It
3648: A command argument (such as
3649: .Fl n
3650: for
3651: .Ic new-window
3652: or
3653: .Ic new-session ) .
3654: .It
3655: An escape sequence:
3656: .Bd -literal -offset indent
3657: $ printf '\e033kWINDOW_NAME\e033\e\e'
3658: .Ed
3659: .It
3660: Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in the window's
3661: active pane.
3662: See the
3663: .Ic automatic-rename
3664: option.
3665: .El
3666: .Pp
3667: When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname.
3668: A pane's title can be set via the OSC title setting sequence, for example:
3669: .Bd -literal -offset indent
3670: $ printf '\e033]2;My Title\e033\e\e'
3671: .Ed
3672: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
3673: When the server is started,
3674: .Nm
3675: copies the environment into the
3676: .Em global environment ;
3677: in addition, each session has a
3678: .Em session environment .
3679: When a window is created, the session and global environments are merged.
3680: If a variable exists in both, the value from the session environment is used.
3681: The result is the initial environment passed to the new process.
3682: .Pp
3683: The
3684: .Ic update-environment
3685: session option may be used to update the session environment from the client
3686: when a new session is created or an old reattached.
3687: .Nm
3688: also initialises the
3689: .Ev TMUX
3690: variable with some internal information to allow commands to be executed
3691: from inside, and the
3692: .Ev TERM
3693: variable with the correct terminal setting of
3694: .Ql screen .
3695: .Pp
3696: Commands to alter and view the environment are:
3697: .Bl -tag -width Ds
3698: .It Xo Ic set-environment
3699: .Op Fl gru
3700: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
3701: .Ar name Op Ar value
3702: .Xc
3703: .D1 (alias: Ic setenv )
3704: Set or unset an environment variable.
3705: If
3706: .Fl g
3707: is used, the change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied
3708: to the session environment for
3709: .Ar target-session .
3710: The
3711: .Fl u
3712: flag unsets a variable.
3713: .Fl r
3714: indicates the variable is to be removed from the environment before starting a
3715: new process.
3716: .It Xo Ic show-environment
3717: .Op Fl gs
3718: .Op Fl t Ar target-session
3719: .Op Ar variable
3720: .Xc
3721: .D1 (alias: Ic showenv )
3722: Display the environment for
3723: .Ar target-session
3724: or the global environment with
3725: .Fl g .
3726: If
3727: .Ar variable
3728: is omitted, all variables are shown.
3729: Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with
3730: .Ql - .
3731: If
3732: .Fl s
3733: is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands.
3734: .El
3735: .Sh STATUS LINE
3736: .Nm
3737: includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bottom line of each
3738: terminal.
3739: By default, the status line is enabled (it may be disabled with the
3740: .Ic status
3741: session option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current
3742: session in square brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane
3743: in double quotes; and the time and date.
3744: .Pp
3745: The status line is made of three parts: configurable left and right sections
3746: (which may contain dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell
3747: command, see the
3748: .Ic status-left ,
3749: .Ic status-left-length ,
3750: .Ic status-right ,
3751: and
3752: .Ic status-right-length
3753: options below), and a central window list.
3754: By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the
3755: windows present in the current session in ascending numerical order.
3756: It may be customised with the
3757: .Ar window-status-format
3758: and
3759: .Ar window-status-current-format
3760: options.
3761: The flag is one of the following symbols appended to the window name:
3762: .Bl -column "Symbol" "Meaning" -offset indent
3763: .It Sy "Symbol" Ta Sy "Meaning"
3764: .It Li "*" Ta "Denotes the current window."
3765: .It Li "-" Ta "Marks the last window (previously selected)."
3766: .It Li "#" Ta "Window is monitored and activity has been detected."
3767: .It Li "!" Ta "A bell has occurred in the window."
3768: .It Li "~" Ta "The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval."
3769: .It Li "M" Ta "The window contains the marked pane."
3770: .It Li "Z" Ta "The window's active pane is zoomed."
3771: .El
3772: .Pp
3773: The # symbol relates to the
3774: .Ic monitor-activity
3775: window option.
3776: The window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or
3777: silence) is present.
3778: .Pp
3779: The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the entire
3780: status line using the
3781: .Ic status-style
3782: session option and individual windows using the
3783: .Ic window-status-style
3784: window option.
3785: .Pp
3786: The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the
3787: interval may be controlled with the
3788: .Ic status-interval
3789: session option.
3790: .Pp
3791: Commands related to the status line are as follows:
3792: .Bl -tag -width Ds
3793: .It Xo Ic command-prompt
3794: .Op Fl 1i
3795: .Op Fl I Ar inputs
3796: .Op Fl p Ar prompts
3797: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
3798: .Op Ar template
3799: .Xc
3800: Open the command prompt in a client.
3801: This may be used from inside
3802: .Nm
3803: to execute commands interactively.
3804: .Pp
3805: If
3806: .Ar template
3807: is specified, it is used as the command.
3808: If present,
3809: .Fl I
3810: is a comma-separated list of the initial text for each prompt.
3811: If
3812: .Fl p
3813: is given,
3814: .Ar prompts
3815: is a comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise
3816: a single prompt is displayed, constructed from
3817: .Ar template
3818: if it is present, or
3819: .Ql \&:
3820: if not.
3821: .Pp
3822: Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string
3823: .Ql %%
3824: and all occurrences of
3825: .Ql %1
3826: are replaced by the response to the first prompt, all
3827: .Ql %2
3828: are replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further
3829: prompts.
3830: Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced
3831: .Po
3832: .Ql %1
3833: to
3834: .Ql %9
3835: .Pc .
3836: .Ql %%%
3837: is like
3838: .Ql %%
3839: but any quotation marks are escaped.
3840: .Pp
3841: .Fl 1
3842: makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the resulting input
3843: is a single character.
3844: .Fl i
3845: executes the command every time the prompt input changes instead of when the
3846: user exits the command prompt.
3847: .Pp
3848: The following keys have a special meaning in the command prompt, depending
3849: on the value of the
3850: .Ic status-keys
3851: option:
3852: .Bl -column "FunctionXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" "viXXXX" "emacsX" -offset indent
3853: .It Sy "Function" Ta Sy "vi" Ta Sy "emacs"
3854: .It Li "Cancel command prompt" Ta "Escape" Ta "Escape"
3855: .It Li "Delete current word" Ta "" Ta "C-w"
3856: .It Li "Delete entire command" Ta "d" Ta "C-u"
3857: .It Li "Delete from cursor to end" Ta "D" Ta "C-k"
3858: .It Li "Execute command" Ta "Enter" Ta "Enter"
3859: .It Li "Get next command from history" Ta "" Ta "Down"
3860: .It Li "Get previous command from history" Ta "" Ta "Up"
3861: .It Li "Insert top paste buffer" Ta "p" Ta "C-y"
3862: .It Li "Look for completions" Ta "Tab" Ta "Tab"
3863: .It Li "Move cursor left" Ta "h" Ta "Left"
3864: .It Li "Move cursor right" Ta "l" Ta "Right"
3865: .It Li "Move cursor to end" Ta "$" Ta "C-e"
3866: .It Li "Move cursor to next word" Ta "w" Ta "M-f"
3867: .It Li "Move cursor to previous word" Ta "b" Ta "M-b"
3868: .It Li "Move cursor to start" Ta "0" Ta "C-a"
3869: .It Li "Transpose characters" Ta "" Ta "C-t"
3870: .El
3871: .It Xo Ic confirm-before
3872: .Op Fl p Ar prompt
3873: .Op Fl t Ar target-client
3874: .Ar command
3875: .Xc
3876: .D1 (alias: Ic confirm )
3877: Ask for confirmation before executing
3878: .Ar command .
3879: If
3880: .Fl p
3881: is given,
3882: .Ar prompt
3883: is the prompt to display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from
3884: .Ar command .
3885: It may contain the special character sequences supported by the
3886: .Ic status-left
3887: option.
3888: .Pp
3889: This command works only from inside
3890: .Nm .
3891: .It Xo Ic display-message
3892: .Op Fl p
3893: .Op Fl c Ar target-client
3894: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
3895: .Op Ar message
3896: .Xc
3897: .D1 (alias: Ic display )
3898: Display a message.
3899: If
3900: .Fl p
3901: is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the
3902: .Ar target-client
3903: status line.
3904: The format of
3905: .Ar message
3906: is described in the
3907: .Sx FORMATS
3908: section; information is taken from
3909: .Ar target-pane
3910: if
3911: .Fl t
3912: is given, otherwise the active pane for the session attached to
3913: .Ar target-client .
3914: .El
3915: .Sh BUFFERS
3916: .Nm
3917: maintains a set of named
3918: .Em paste buffers .
3919: Each buffer may be either explicitly or automatically named.
3920: Explicitly named buffers are named when created with the
3921: .Ic set-buffer
3922: or
3923: .Ic load-buffer
3924: commands, or by renaming an automatically named buffer with
3925: .Ic set-buffer
3926: .Fl n .
3927: Automatically named buffers are given a name such as
3928: .Ql buffer0001 ,
3929: .Ql buffer0002
3930: and so on.
3931: When the
3932: .Ic buffer-limit
3933: option is reached, the oldest automatically named buffer is deleted.
3934: Explicitly named buffers are not subject to
3935: .Ic buffer-limit
3936: and may be deleted with
3937: .Ic delete-buffer
3938: command.
3939: .Pp
3940: Buffers may be added using
3941: .Ic copy-mode
3942: or the
3943: .Ic set-buffer
3944: and
3945: .Ic load-buffer
3946: commands, and pasted into a window using the
3947: .Ic paste-buffer
3948: command.
3949: If a buffer command is used and no buffer is specified, the most
3950: recently added automatically named buffer is assumed.
3951: .Pp
3952: A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
3953: By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
3954: .Ic history-limit
3955: option (see the
3956: .Ic set-option
3957: command above).
3958: .Pp
3959: The buffer commands are as follows:
3960: .Bl -tag -width Ds
3961: .It Xo
3962: .Ic choose-buffer
3963: .Op Fl F Ar format
3964: .Op Fl t Ar target-window
3965: .Op Ar template
3966: .Xc
3967: Put a window into buffer choice mode, where a buffer may be chosen
3968: interactively from a list.
3969: After a buffer is selected,
3970: .Ql %%
3971: is replaced by the buffer name in
3972: .Ar template
3973: and the result executed as a command.
3974: If
3975: .Ar template
3976: is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.
3977: For the meaning of the
3978: .Fl F
3979: flag, see the
3980: .Sx FORMATS
3981: section.
3982: This command works only if at least one client is attached.
3983: .It Ic clear-history Op Fl t Ar target-pane
3984: .D1 (alias: Ic clearhist )
3985: Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
3986: .It Ic delete-buffer Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
3987: .D1 (alias: Ic deleteb )
3988: Delete the buffer named
3989: .Ar buffer-name ,
3990: or the most recently added automatically named buffer if not specified.
3991: .It Xo Ic list-buffers
3992: .Op Fl F Ar format
3993: .Xc
3994: .D1 (alias: Ic lsb )
3995: List the global buffers.
3996: For the meaning of the
3997: .Fl F
3998: flag, see the
3999: .Sx FORMATS
4000: section.
4001: .It Xo Ic load-buffer
4002: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
4003: .Ar path
4004: .Xc
4005: .D1 (alias: Ic loadb )
4006: Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from
4007: .Ar path .
4008: .It Xo Ic paste-buffer
4009: .Op Fl dpr
4010: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
4011: .Op Fl s Ar separator
4012: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
4013: .Xc
4014: .D1 (alias: Ic pasteb )
4015: Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane.
4016: If not specified, paste into the current one.
4017: With
4018: .Fl d ,
4019: also delete the paste buffer.
4020: When output, any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with
4021: a separator, by default carriage return (CR).
4022: A custom separator may be specified using the
4023: .Fl s
4024: flag.
4025: The
4026: .Fl r
4027: flag means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF).
4028: If
4029: .Fl p
4030: is specified, paste bracket control codes are inserted around the
4031: buffer if the application has requested bracketed paste mode.
4032: .It Xo Ic save-buffer
4033: .Op Fl a
4034: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
4035: .Ar path
4036: .Xc
4037: .D1 (alias: Ic saveb )
4038: Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to
4039: .Ar path .
4040: The
4041: .Fl a
4042: option appends to rather than overwriting the file.
4043: .It Xo Ic set-buffer
4044: .Op Fl a
4045: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
4046: .Op Fl n Ar new-buffer-name
4047: .Ar data
4048: .Xc
4049: .D1 (alias: Ic setb )
4050: Set the contents of the specified buffer to
4051: .Ar data .
4052: The
4053: .Fl a
4054: option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer.
4055: The
4056: .Fl n
4057: option renames the buffer to
4058: .Ar new-buffer-name .
4059: .It Xo Ic show-buffer
4060: .Op Fl b Ar buffer-name
4061: .Xc
4062: .D1 (alias: Ic showb )
4063: Display the contents of the specified buffer.
4064: .El
4065: .Sh MISCELLANEOUS
4066: Miscellaneous commands are as follows:
4067: .Bl -tag -width Ds
4068: .It Ic clock-mode Op Fl t Ar target-pane
4069: Display a large clock.
4070: .It Xo Ic if-shell
4071: .Op Fl bF
4072: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
4073: .Ar shell-command command
4074: .Op Ar command
4075: .Xc
4076: .D1 (alias: Ic if )
4077: Execute the first
4078: .Ar command
4079: if
4080: .Ar shell-command
4081: returns success or the second
4082: .Ar command
4083: otherwise.
4084: Before being executed,
4085: .Ar shell-command
4086: is expanded using the rules specified in the
4087: .Sx FORMATS
4088: section, including those relevant to
4089: .Ar target-pane .
4090: With
4091: .Fl b ,
4092: .Ar shell-command
4093: is run in the background.
4094: .Pp
4095: If
4096: .Fl F
4097: is given,
4098: .Ar shell-command
4099: is not executed but considered success if neither empty nor zero (after formats
4100: are expanded).
4101: .It Ic lock-server
4102: .D1 (alias: Ic lock )
4103: Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the
4104: .Ic lock-command
4105: option.
4106: .It Xo Ic run-shell
4107: .Op Fl b
4108: .Op Fl t Ar target-pane
4109: .Ar shell-command
4110: .Xc
4111: .D1 (alias: Ic run )
4112: Execute
4113: .Ar shell-command
4114: in the background without creating a window.
4115: Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules specified in
4116: the
4117: .Sx FORMATS
4118: section.
4119: With
4120: .Fl b ,
4121: the command is run in the background.
4122: After it finishes, any output to stdout is displayed in copy mode (in the pane
4123: specified by
4124: .Fl t
4125: or the current pane if omitted).
4126: If the command doesn't return success, the exit status is also displayed.
4127: .It Xo Ic wait-for
4128: .Op Fl L | S | U
4129: .Ar channel
4130: .Xc
4131: .D1 (alias: Ic wait )
4132: When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until woken using
4133: .Ic wait-for
4134: .Fl S
4135: with the same channel.
4136: When
4137: .Fl L
4138: is used, the channel is locked and any clients that try to lock the same
4139: channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked with
4140: .Ic wait-for
4141: .Fl U .
4142: This command only works from outside
4143: .Nm .
4144: .El
4145: .Sh TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
4146: .Nm
4147: understands some unofficial extensions to
4148: .Xr terminfo 5 :
4149: .Bl -tag -width Ds
4150: .It Em Cs , Cr
4151: Set the cursor colour.
4152: The first takes a single string argument and is used to set the colour;
4153: the second takes no arguments and restores the default cursor colour.
4154: If set, a sequence such as this may be used
4155: to change the cursor colour from inside
4156: .Nm :
4157: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4158: $ printf '\e033]12;red\e033\e\e'
4159: .Ed
4160: .It Em \&Ss , Se
4161: Set or reset the cursor style.
4162: If set, a sequence such as this may be used
4163: to change the cursor to an underline:
4164: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4165: $ printf '\e033[4 q'
4166: .Ed
4167: .Pp
4168: If
4169: .Em Se
4170: is not set, \&Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead.
4171: .It Em \&Tc
4172: Indicate that the terminal supports the
4173: .Ql direct colour
4174: RGB escape sequence (for example, \ee[38;2;255;255;255m).
4175: .Pp
4176: If supported, this is used for the OSC initialize colour escape sequence (which
4177: may be enabled by adding the
4178: .Ql initc
4179: and
4180: .Ql ccc
4181: capabilities to the
4182: .Nm
4183: .Xr terminfo 5
4184: entry).
4185: .It Em \&Ms
4186: Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection (clipboard).
4187: See the
4188: .Em set-clipboard
4189: option above and the
4190: .Xr xterm 1
4191: man page.
4192: .El
4193: .Sh CONTROL MODE
4194: .Nm
4195: offers a textual interface called
4196: .Em control mode .
4197: This allows applications to communicate with
4198: .Nm
4199: using a simple text-only protocol.
4200: .Pp
4201: In control mode, a client sends
4202: .Nm
4203: commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on standard input.
4204: Each command will produce one block of output on standard output.
4205: An output block consists of a
4206: .Em %begin
4207: line followed by the output (which may be empty).
4208: The output block ends with a
4209: .Em %end
4210: or
4211: .Em %error .
4212: .Em %begin
4213: and matching
4214: .Em %end
4215: or
4216: .Em %error
4217: have two arguments: an integer time (as seconds from epoch) and command number.
4218: For example:
4219: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4220: %begin 1363006971 2
4221: 0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
4222: %end 1363006971 2
4223: .Ed
4224: .Pp
4225: The
4226: .Ic refresh-client
4227: .Fl C
4228: command may be used to set the size of a client in control mode.
4229: .Pp
4230: In control mode,
4231: .Nm
4232: outputs notifications.
4233: A notification will never occur inside an output block.
4234: .Pp
4235: The following notifications are defined:
4236: .Bl -tag -width Ds
4237: .It Ic %exit Op Ar reason
4238: The
4239: .Nm
4240: client is exiting immediately, either because it is not attached to any session
4241: or an error occurred.
4242: If present,
4243: .Ar reason
4244: describes why the client exited.
4245: .It Ic %layout-change Ar window-id Ar window-layout Ar window-visible-layout Ar window-flags
4246: The layout of a window with ID
4247: .Ar window-id
4248: changed.
4249: The new layout is
4250: .Ar window-layout .
4251: The window's visible layout is
4252: .Ar window-visible-layout
4253: and the window flags are
4254: .Ar window-flags .
4255: .It Ic %output Ar pane-id Ar value
4256: A window pane produced output.
4257: .Ar value
4258: escapes non-printable characters and backslash as octal \\xxx.
4259: .It Ic %session-changed Ar session-id Ar name
4260: The client is now attached to the session with ID
4261: .Ar session-id ,
4262: which is named
4263: .Ar name .
4264: .It Ic %session-renamed Ar name
4265: The current session was renamed to
4266: .Ar name .
4267: .It Ic %sessions-changed
4268: A session was created or destroyed.
4269: .It Ic %unlinked-window-add Ar window-id
4270: The window with ID
4271: .Ar window-id
4272: was created but is not linked to the current session.
4273: .It Ic %window-add Ar window-id
4274: The window with ID
4275: .Ar window-id
4276: was linked to the current session.
4277: .It Ic %window-close Ar window-id
4278: The window with ID
4279: .Ar window-id
4280: closed.
4281: .It Ic %window-renamed Ar window-id Ar name
4282: The window with ID
4283: .Ar window-id
4284: was renamed to
4285: .Ar name .
4286: .El
4287: .Sh FILES
4288: .Bl -tag -width "@SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.confXXX" -compact
4289: .It Pa ~/.tmux.conf
4290: Default
4291: .Nm
4292: configuration file.
4293: .It Pa @SYSCONFDIR@/tmux.conf
4294: System-wide configuration file.
4295: .El
4296: .Sh EXAMPLES
4297: To create a new
4298: .Nm
4299: session running
4300: .Xr vi 1 :
4301: .Pp
4302: .Dl $ tmux new-session vi
4303: .Pp
4304: Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.
4305: For new-session, this is
4306: .Ic new :
4307: .Pp
4308: .Dl $ tmux new vi
4309: .Pp
4310: Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.
4311: If there are several options, they are listed:
4312: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4313: $ tmux n
4314: ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
4315: .Ed
4316: .Pp
4317: Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
4318: .Ql C-b c
4319: (Ctrl
4320: followed by the
4321: .Ql b
4322: key
4323: followed by the
4324: .Ql c
4325: key).
4326: .Pp
4327: Windows may be navigated with:
4328: .Ql C-b 0
4329: (to select window 0),
4330: .Ql C-b 1
4331: (to select window 1), and so on;
4332: .Ql C-b n
4333: to select the next window; and
4334: .Ql C-b p
4335: to select the previous window.
4336: .Pp
4337: A session may be detached using
4338: .Ql C-b d
4339: (or by an external event such as
4340: .Xr ssh 1
4341: disconnection) and reattached with:
4342: .Pp
4343: .Dl $ tmux attach-session
4344: .Pp
4345: Typing
4346: .Ql C-b \&?
4347: lists the current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used
4348: to navigate the list or
4349: .Ql q
4350: to exit from it.
4351: .Pp
4352: Commands to be run when the
4353: .Nm
4354: server is started may be placed in the
4355: .Pa ~/.tmux.conf
4356: configuration file.
4357: Common examples include:
4358: .Pp
4359: Changing the default prefix key:
4360: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4361: set-option -g prefix C-a
4362: unbind-key C-b
4363: bind-key C-a send-prefix
4364: .Ed
4365: .Pp
4366: Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
4367: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4368: set-option -g status off
4369: set-option -g status-style bg=blue
4370: .Ed
4371: .Pp
4372: Setting other options, such as the default command,
4373: or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
4374: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4375: set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
4376: set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
4377: .Ed
4378: .Pp
4379: Creating new key bindings:
4380: .Bd -literal -offset indent
4381: bind-key b set-option status
4382: bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
4383: bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
4384: .Ed
4385: .Sh SEE ALSO
4386: .Xr pty 4
4387: .Sh AUTHORS
4388: .An Nicholas Marriott Aq Mt nicholas.marriott@gmail.com
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